CRT-450 Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (SP24) Questions and Answers

Change sets are the native way to move metadata customizations between sandboxes and your production environment1. They have the following characteristics:

• Change sets can only be used between related organizations, such as those that are linked by a deployment connection2. You cannot use change sets to deploy metadata to unrelated organizations, such as those belonging to different customers.
• Change sets can only deploy metadata, not data. You cannot use change sets to transfer records, such as accounts, contacts, or custom objects records, from one organization to another2. To move data between organizations, you need to use a data loader tool or an API.
• Sending a change set between two orgs requires a deployment connection to be established between the source and the target org2. The deployment connection allows the source org to upload outbound change sets and the target org to receive inbound change sets. The target org can then deploy the change set to apply the metadata changes.
• Change sets can deploy custom settings data only if the custom settings are defined as hierarchy and not list. Also, the custom settings data can only be deployed to other sandboxes, not to production3.
• Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction. The source org sends the change set to the target org, but the target org does not send any confirmation or feedback to the source org. The deployment is either successful or fails as a whole, and it cannot be undone2. References:
• Everything You Need to Know About Salesforce Change Sets
• Deployments by using change sets - Salesforce Tutorial
• Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex - Salesforce Developers

A record-triggered flow is an automation tool that allows you to run a flow when a record is created, updated, or deleted1. You can use a record-triggered flow to meet the business requirement of deleting associated opportunity records when the related account is deleted. You can configure the flow to trigger when an account is deleted, and then use the Get Records element to query the related opportunities. Then, you can use the Delete Records element to delete the queried opportunities2. This way, you can ensure that the opportunity records are proactively deleted when the account is deleted, without writing any code.

Workflow rules and process builder are also automation tools that can run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, but they cannot delete records directly. You would need to use an Apex action or a custom field update to achieve the same functionality3 . Scheduled jobs are Apex classes that run at specified intervals, such as daily or weekly. They are not suitable for the business requirement of deleting records when another record is deleted, as they are not triggered by record changes.

References:

• Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• Delete Records with a Record-Triggered Flow | Salesforce Trailhead
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• [Process Builder | Salesforce Help]
• [Scheduled Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]

The correct implementation is option D, where the trigger is set to execute before the insertion of a Request__c record. It calls the validateRecords method from the RequestLogic class to check if certain conditions are met before allowing the creation of a new record. This ensures that validation occurs prior to record insertion, preventing the creation of records that do not meet specified conditions. References: The explanation can be inferred from knowledge on triggers and their execution context as per Salesforce developer documentation and learning materials available on [Trailhead](1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/apex_triggers%29.

The developer should write a class that implements the HTTPCalloutMock interface to provide test coverage for the Apex code that calls out to an external system. The HTTPCalloutMock interface enables you to inject fake responses into the callout response in a test method, so that you can isolate your Apex logic from any dependency on the external system. The interface has one method, respond, that returns a predefined HTTPResponse object when the Apex code calls the HTTPRequest.send method. By using the HTTPCalloutMock interface, you can test your Apex code without actually calling the external system, which saves time and avoids hitting callout limits. The other options are not valid ways to mock a callout in a test method. The HTTPCalloutMock interface is not a class, so it cannot be extended. The WebserviceMock interface is used to mock a SOAP web service callout, not a RESTful HTTP callout. The WebserviceMock interface is also not a class, so it cannot be extended either. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Testing HTTP Callouts by Implementing the HttpCalloutMock Interface, pages 1-2
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing, unit 6

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

 To use a custom exception, you can create an instance of the custom exception class and use the throw keyword to throw the exception. You can also optionally provide a custom error message or a chained exception cause as arguments to the custom exception constructor. The syntax for throwing a custom exception is:

throw new CustomException(optional_message, optional_cause);

Therefore, the options B and D are valid ways to fire the custom exception in Apex. The options A and C are invalid because they only create an instance of the custom exception class, but do not throw it. Also, the option C uses single quotes instead of double quotes for the error message, which is not allowed in Apex. References: You can find more information about custom exceptions in the Apex Developer Guide and the Apex Reference Guide on Salesforce’s official website. You can also read this blog post for a tutorial on creating and using custom exceptions.

The correct answer is to use the with sharing keyword in the Apex class. This keyword enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the Apex code respects the user’s permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules when querying or modifying records. This ensures that only records accessible to the currently logged in user are displayed. References: Apex Developer Guide

The test method fails in the sandbox test framework because it relies on existing data in the sandbox, which may not be consistent or available for the test execution. The Apex test framework uses a separate test data context that is rolled back after the test execution, so any data that is queried or inserted by the test method must be created within the test method or by using the @testSetup annotation. The Execute Anonymous window, on the other hand, runs the Apex logic in the current user context and can access the existing data in the sandbox. Therefore, the Apex logic may succeed in the Execute Anonymous window but fail in the test framework. References:

• Apex Testing (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers) (Salesforce Ben)

Creating a test class to execute the business logic and run the test in the Developer Console is the best approach to ensure that the Apex class is working according to specification. Test classes are used to verify the functionality, performance, and security of the Apex code, and to provide code coverage for deployment. Test classes can also use assertions to validate the expected outcomes of the code. The Developer Console provides a user interface to create, run, and debug test classes, and to view the test results and code coverage1.

Including a savepoint and Database.rollback is not a valid approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to undo the changes made by the DML operations in a transaction2. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage.

Including a try/catch block to the Apex class is not a sufficient approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to handle the exceptions that may occur during the execution of the code3. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage. Moreover, a try/catch block should be used in conjunction with a test class, not as a replacement.

Running the code in an Execute Anonymous block in the Developer Console is not a recommended approach to test the Apex class, as it is used to execute arbitrary Apex code that is not saved as part of the application. This does not verify the functionality or performance of the Apex code, nor does it provide code coverage. Moreover, running the code in an Execute Anonymous block may have unintended consequences on the data and the application, as it does not follow the best practices of testing.

References:

• 1: Test Classes | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Savepoints and Rollbacks | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 3: Exception Handling | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• : [Execute Anonymous | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]
• : [Best Practices for Testing | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]

• Apex Flex Queue is a location where a developer can view and reorder the pending asynchronous Apex jobs that are waiting to be processed. It can hold up to 100 jobs12. Apex Flex Queue is useful for managing the execution order and priority of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Apex Jobs is a location where a developer can view the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs that have been processed, failed, or canceled. It can also show the progress and details of batch Apex and queueable Apex jobs3 . Apex Jobs is useful for monitoring and debugging the performance and outcome of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Paused Flow Interviews component is a location where a developer can view and resume the paused interviews of active flows. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.
• Time-Based Workflow Monitor is a location where a developer can view and manage the pending actions of time-based workflow rules. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic
• 3: Monitoring Asynchronous Apex
• : [Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging]
• : [Manage Paused Flow Interviews]
• : [Monitor Time-Based Workflow]

The number of times a trigger can fire depends on the number of records that are processed and the number of DML operations that are performed. Some operations can cause the trigger to fire multiple times, either by updating the same records or by updating related records. These operations include:

• Process Flows: A process flow is a declarative tool that can automate complex business processes by executing actions based on criteria. A process flow can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again1.
• Workflow Rules: A workflow rule is a declarative tool that can automate tasks and field updates based on criteria. A workflow rule can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again2.
• Roll-Up Summary fields: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates child record information into a parent record. A roll-up summary field can update the parent record when a child record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, which can cause the trigger to fire again3.

The other options do not affect the number of times a trigger can fire. Criteria-based sharing calculations and email messages do not update records or cause DML operations. References:

• Process Automation | Salesforce Help
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• Roll-Up Summary Fields | Salesforce Help

 Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven and disposable, meaning you can create and delete them as needed. They are fully configurable, allowing you to emulate different Salesforce editions with different features and settings. You can also install packages and deploy synthetic or dummy data for testing. Scratch orgs are ideal for developing in a source-driven way, as they enable source tracking, which keeps your local source files and the metadata in your org in sync. You can use Salesforce CLI or an IDE to create, open, and manage scratch orgs. Scratch orgs are different from other types of Salesforce orgs, such as Developer sandboxes, Full Copy sandboxes, and Developer orgs, which are long-term, persistent, and not source-driven. References:

• Scratch Orgs from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide
• Develop in Scratch Orgs from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Manage Scratch Orgs from the Dev Hub Org from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide

 The code snippet is likely to exceed the governor limit for the total number of records retrieved by SOQL queries. In Salesforce, there is a limit on the total number of records that can be retrieved by SOQL queries in a transaction. This limit helps in preventing the overconsumption of shared resources. If a Lightning web component tries to retrieve more than 50,000 records, it will hit this governor limit1.

The code snippet has a SOQL query inside a for loop, which is a bad practice and should be avoided. The query retrieves all the lead records with the Origin_c field, regardless of whether they are related to the current component or not. This can result in a large number of records being returned, especially if the environment has more than 2,000 lead records. The query also does not use any filters or limits to reduce the number of records. The code then updates the LeadSource field of each record and performs a DML operation inside the loop, which is another bad practice and should be avoided. The DML operation can also trigger other processes, such as workflows, triggers, or validation rules, that can consume more resources and cause other governor limits to be exceeded.

A better way to write the code would be to use a list variable to store the lead records that need to be updated, and use a SOQL query outside the loop with filters and limits to retrieve only the relevant records. Then, iterate over the list and update the LeadSource field of each record. Finally, perform a single DML operation outside the loop to update the list of records. This way, the code will reduce the number of SOQL queries and DML statements, and the number of records retrieved and processed.

References:

• Apex Governor Limits | Salesforce Developer Limits and Allocations Quick Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Apex Code Best Practices | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• SOQL For Loops | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

Performing queries inside loops is a common mistake that can lead to reaching governor limits quickly, especially in a multi-tenant environment like Salesforce where resources are shared among multiple users. It’s essential to optimize the code for efficiency and performance by reducing the total number of SOQL queries whenever possible. This can be achieved by moving queries outside of loops, using collections to hold data, and leveraging bulkified methods. References: The related learning material can be found in the “Apex Basics & Database” module on Trailhead, specifically in the unit titled “Write SOQL Queries”(1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/apex_database/apex_database_soql%29%29.

I also noticed that you sent me an image along with your question. It seems to be a snippet of code written in Apex, which is used for Salesforce development. It shows a public static method named obtainAllFields that takes a Set of Ids as an argument and returns a List of Lead objects. Inside this method, there’s a for loop that iterates over each Id from the provided Set and performs a SOQL query to fetch all fields of the Lead record with that specific Id. Each queried Lead record is then added to the result list which is returned after all iterations are complete. This is an example of performing queries inside loops, which is not a best practice and can cause governor limit issues.

An error condition formula on a validation rule on Opportunity is the automation that allows the developer to satisfy the requirement in the most efficient manner. A validation rule is a declarative feature that allows you to define criteria for data quality and integrity. It can prevent users from saving records that do not meet the specified conditions. In this case, the developer can create a validation rule on the Opportunity object that checks if the user profile is not Sales Manager, the Opportunity Status is Closed Lost, and the lost reason is blank. If these conditions are true, the validation rule can display an error message and prevent the record from being saved12.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management

The exception type that cannot be caught is the LimitException. This exception is thrown when some governor limit is exceeded (like SOQL query limits, number of records that can be processed in a transaction, etc.). Salesforce doesn’t allow developers to catch LimitException in order to maintain the multi-tenant environment and ensure that no single tenant consumes excessive resources. References: Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions, Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers), SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I

 To make an Apex method available to be wired to a property in a Lightning web component, the developer should use the @AuraEnabled annotation with the cacheable parameter set to true. This indicates that the method is meant to be used in a read-only manner and that the results can be cached on the client. This improves the performance and user experience of the Lightning web component. The @RemoteAction annotation is used for Visualforce remoting, not for Lightning web components. The @AuraEnabled annotation without the cacheable parameter is used for imperative Apex methods that are invoked from a Lightning web component’s JavaScript controller. The @RemoteAction(cacheable=true) annotation is not valid syntax. References: Call Apex Methods, Apex Annotations

The correct answer is option C. The Lightning code segment that should be written to declare dependencies on a Lightning component, c:accountList, that is used in a Visualforce page is:

This code segment uses the ltng:require tag, which is a base Lightning component that allows you to load external JavaScript libraries and stylesheets in your Lightning components. The scripts attribute specifies the name and path of the JavaScript file that is uploaded as a static resource. The afterScriptsLoaded attribute specifies the name of the client-side controller action that is called after the scripts are loaded. This way, you can ensure that the c:accountList component has access to the JavaScript library that it depends on.

The other options are not valid code segments for declaring dependencies on a Lightning component. Option A uses the ltng:dependency tag, which is used to declare dependencies between Lightning components, not between a Lightning component and a JavaScript library. Option B uses the ltng:include tag, which is not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework. Option D uses the ltng:import tag, which is also not a valid tag in the Lightning component framework.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

To share a specific Case-Defect_c record with a user, the developer should share the parent Case and Defect_c records. This is because the Case-Defect_c object is a junction object that has two master-detail relationships with the Case and Defect_c objects. A junction object inherits the sharing and security settings from its two master objects, so the user needs to have access to both of them to view the junction object record1. Sharing only one of the parent records is not sufficient, as the user will not be able to see the other related record. Sharing only the junction object record is not possible, as it does not have its own sharing settings.

References:

• 1: Create a Junction Object

 By adding the @IsTest annotation above the class definition (line 01), it indicates that this class is a test class, and therefore, can only be used by other test classes. This ensures that the helper methods within are only accessible to unit tests, aligning with the best practices of encapsulation and modularity in Apex code. References: The related information can be found in the Apex Testing module on Trailhead ([Apex Testing](1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/en/content/learn/modules/apex_testing%29%29.

The with sharing keyword on the class declaration enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the user can only see and modify the records that they have access to based on the organization-wide defaults, role hierarchy, sharing rules, manual sharing, teams, and territories. The without sharing keyword, on the other hand, ignores the sharing rules and allows the user to access all records, regardless of ownership or sharing settings. This can pose a security risk and should be used with caution. The schema describe calls and the UserInfo Apex class do not directly affect the sharing rules, but rather provide information about the object and field permissions, and the user’s profile and role, respectively. These can be used to check the user’s access level, but not to enforce the sharing rules on the custom search tool. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords, pages 13-14
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Basics and Database, unit 3

To implement the Apex method that is executed when a recommendation is rejected, the developer should keep in mind the following factors:

• The method must use the @Future annotation because it performs a callout to an external system, which is not allowed in synchronous Apex. The @Future annotation marks a method as asynchronous, meaning that it runs in a separate thread and does not block the main execution1.
• The method must use the @invocableMethod annotation because it is invoked from a flow that is triggered by the Einstein Next Best Action component. The @invocableMethod annotation enables an Apex method to be called from a flow, process, or REST API2.
• The method must be defined as static because it is annotated with @Future and @invocableMethod. Both annotations require the method to be static, meaning that it belongs to the class and not to any instance of the class3.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Invocable Apex
• 3: Static and Instance Methods, Variables, and Initialization Code

• Validation Rules. This is true because validation rules are a declarative way of enforcing data quality and business logic on the Salesforce objects. Validation rules can prevent users from saving records that do not meet certain criteria, such as required fields, unique values, or custom formulas1.
• Record-Triggered Flow. This is true because record-triggered flows are a declarative way of automating business processes and logic on the Salesforce objects. Record-triggered flows can perform actions such as creating, updating, or deleting records, sending emails, or calling Apex classes when a record is created, updated, or deleted2.
• Remote Actions. This is false because remote actions are a programmatic way of invoking Apex methods from Visualforce pages or Lightning components. Remote actions require writing Apex code and using the @RemoteAction annotation to expose the methods to the client-side3.
• Batch Jobs. This is false because batch jobs are a programmatic way of processing large sets of data or records in batches using Apex. Batch jobs require writing Apex code and implementing the Database.Batchable interface to define the start, execute, and finish methods of the job.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Remote Actions
• : Batch Jobs

Custom exceptions in Apex are user-defined exception classes that can have their own member variables, methods, constructors, and interfaces. They must extend the system Exception class and have a class name that ends with “Exception”. They cannot extend other classes besides the Exception class. Custom exceptions enable more detailed error messages and custom error handling in catch blocks. They can also be rethrown as inner exceptions to preserve the stack trace information.

References:

• Create Custom Exceptions | Apex Developer Guide
• Exception Class and Built-In Exceptions | Apex Reference Guide
• Handling Exceptions in Apex: Creating and Using Custom Exceptions
• Custom Or User-Defined Exception In Apex | Salesforce Developer Tutorials
• Using custom exception types | Mastering Apex Programming

https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.pages.meta/pages/pages_controller_sosc_custom_button.htm

To find the current user’s default record type for a given object, such as Opportunity, the developer can use the Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfos() method to get a list of RecordTypeInfo objects that represent the record types available to the current user1. Then, the developer can iterate through the list and check the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() method on each RecordTypeInfo object to determine which one is the default record type for the current user2. The default record type is the one that is automatically assigned to new records created by the user, unless the user selects a different record type3.

The developer cannot use the other options to find the current user’s default record type. Option A is incorrect because there is no such method as profile.Opportunity.getDefaultRecordType(). Option C is incorrect because there is no such class as Schema.userInfo. Option D is incorrect because it does not find the default record type before inserting the record, but rather after creating the record, which may not be the same as the default record type. References:

• RecordTypeInfo Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Get Default Record Type Id & Name in Apex - Salesforce Stack Exchange
• Set Record Type Preferences - Salesforce Help

 SOQL injection is a vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is used to construct a dynamic SOQL query without proper validation or escaping. This can allow an attacker to modify the query and execute unintended commands or access unauthorized data. To prevent SOQL injection, it is recommended to use static queries with bind variables or use the escapeSingleQuotes method to sanitize the input. Based on the image descriptions from my tool outputs, the following options are safe from SOQL injection:

• Option A: This option uses a static query with a bind variable, which automatically escapes any malicious input and prevents it from changing the query structure. The bind variable name is obtained from an apex:inputText tag on a Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Account Name field.
• Option C: This option also uses a static query with a bind variable, which is the same as option A. The only difference is that the bind variable name is obtained from a different apex:inputText tag on the same Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Contact Name field.

The other options are not safe from SOQL injection because they use dynamic queries with string concatenation, which can allow an attacker to inject SOQL commands into the query string and bypass the intended logic or access unauthorized data.

References: The use of static queries with bind variables and the escapeSingleQuotes method to prevent SOQL injection can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex security and SOQL, such as:

• SOQL Injection
• Secure Coding SQL Injection
• Apex Basics & Database

To satisfy this requirement, a developer should use an invocable method. An invocable method is a method that can be called from a flow and can perform complex logic or integrate with an external system. An invocable method can also return data to the flow, such as a list of order numbers and dates. An invocable method can be annotated with @InvocableMethod to make it available in Flow Builder as an Apex action. An Apex controller is used to provide data and logic to a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An Apex REST class is used to expose custom REST API endpoints, not to retrieve data from an external system. An outbound message is used to send notifications to external systems when a certain event occurs in Salesforce, not to display data on a screen. References:

• Call Apex Code from a Flow
• InvocableMethod Annotation
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

To communicate from a child component to a parent component, the best option is to create a custom event in the child component and dispatch it to the parent component. The parent component can then listen for the event and handle it accordingly. For example, the child component can create a custom event called navigate and pass the page reference as a detail. The parent component can then use a handler to catch the event and use the navigation service to navigate to the next page.

Option A is incorrect because firing a notification is not a reliable way to communicate between components, as it depends on the user’s settings and preferences. Option B is incorrect because updating a property on the parent component requires the child component to have access to the parent’s property, which violates the principle of component encapsulation and modularity. Option C is incorrect because calling a method in the Apex controller is not necessary for navigation purposes, and it would introduce an extra server round-trip and potential performance issues.

References: Communicate with Events | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Basic Navigation | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Lightning Web Components

The Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page1. The framework provides developers with prebuilt components that can be reused, such as buttons, cards, carousels, etc2. The framework also provides templates to create custom components that follow the best practices and standards of web development3. The framework does not extend the governor limits for applications, nor does it support Classic UI. It only supports Lightning Experience, Experience Builder Sites, Salesforce Mobile App, Lightning Out, and Standalone Lightning App2.

References:

• Introducing Aura Components | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Components - Salesforce Lightning Component Library - Salesforce Developers
• Review the Lightning Component Framework Unit | Salesforce … - Trailhead

The correct option is C, which includes the import statement for an Apex method named updateAccounts in the class AccountController. In Salesforce, to use an Apex method in a Lightning Web Component (LWC), you need to import it using a specific syntax. The syntax includes the import keyword followed by the method name from '@salesforce/apex/ClassName.MethodName'. This makes the Apex method available for use within the LWC. References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)
• 2: Use a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide …
• 4: Wire Apex Methods to Components | Lightning Web Components Developer …
• 5: How to call the apex method in lightning web component
• 6: Using Apex | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce …

A record-triggered flow is a type of flow that runs when a record is created or updated1. It can perform actions such as updating fields, creating records, sending emails, and calling Apex classes2. A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it can compare the Contact’s Mailing State with the Job’s Preferred Locations, and update a custom field on the Job Application object accordingly. It can also handle changes to the Contact’s Mailing State and keep the Job Application field in sync3. References:

• 1: Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• 2: What You Can Do with Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• 3: Universal Hiring is using Salesforce to capture job applications. A … | Salesforce Quiz

You can render any page as a PDF by adding the renderAs attribute to the  component, and specifying "pdf" as the rendering service1. For example: . You can also use the PageReference.getContentAsPDF() method in Apex to render a Visualforce page as PDF data, and then use Apex code to convert that PDF data to an email attachment, a document, a Chatter post, and so on2. References:

• 1: Render a Visualforce Page as a PDF File | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Render a Visualforce Page as PDF from Apex | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 the current user has the permission to delete Account records, and false otherwise. This method is part of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class, which provides information about the metadata and permissions of an sObject type. The other options are incorrect because they either use invalid syntax or refer to the wrong object or variable. The accountRec variable is an instance of an Account record, not an sObject type, and it does not have an isDeletable() method. The Account sObject type does not have an isDeletable() method either, it is a property of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class. The AccountRec.ObjectType property returns the sObject type of the accountRec variable, which is Account, but it does not have an isDeletable() method either. References:

• Schema.DescribeSObjectResult Class
• Schema.sObjectType Class
• Apex Developer Guide: Checking User Permissions

A junction object between Applicant and Job is the best way to represent that an applicant has applied for a job. A junction object is a custom object that has two master-detail relationships with two other objects. It allows you to create a many-to-many relationship between those objects. In this case, the junction object can store the information about the application, such as the date, status, and feedback, and link each applicant to one or more jobs, and each job to one or more applicants12.

References:

• 1: Relationships Among Objects
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management

The correct answer is option B. Use Security.stripInaccessible to remove fields inaccessible to the current user. This method takes a list of records and an access type (READ, UPDATE, CREATE, or UPSERT) and returns a new list of records with the inaccessible fields removed. This way, the Lightning web component can display the records without throwing any errors due to field-level security.

Option A is incorrect because WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED is a SOQL clause that enforces field-level security on all fields in the query. If the query returns any fields that the user does not have access to, the query will throw an exception. This is not desirable for the Lightning web component, as it will prevent the component from displaying any records at all.

Option C is incorrect because Lightning Data Service is a layer of Lightning web components that provides access to Salesforce data and metadata, cache management, and data synchronization. However, Lightning Data Service does not automatically handle field-level security for the records it retrieves. The developer still needs to use Security.stripInaccessible or another method to remove the inaccessible fields.

Option D is incorrect because Lightning Locker Service is a security feature that isolates Lightning web components from each other and from the rest of the page. It does not enforce sharing rules or field-level security for the data that the components access.

References: Security.stripInaccessible (Apex Developer Guide)), WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED (Apex Developer Guide)), Lightning Data Service Basics (Trailhead)), Lightning Locker (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide))

Component and application events are two types of events that can be used to communicate between components in Lightning. Component events are handled by the component that fired the event or a component in its containment hierarchy. Application events are handled by any component that is listening to the event, regardless of where it is in the DOM1. Some of the best practices when it comes to component and application event handling are:

• Reuse the event logic in a component bundle, by putting the logic in the helper. This practice allows the developer to avoid duplicating code and to maintain consistency and modularity. The helper class can contain common methods that can be invoked by the controller or the renderer of the component2.
• Handle low-level events in the event handler and re-fire them as higher-level events. This practice allows the developer to abstract away the details of the low-level events and provide a more meaningful and relevant event for the consumers. For example, a component can handle a mouse click event and re-fire it as a select event with additional data3.

The other options are not best practices because:

• Use component events to communicate actions that should be handled at the application level. This practice is not recommended, because component events are scoped to the component that fired them or its parents. If the action should be handled by a component that is not in the same containment hierarchy, the component event will not reach it. Application events are more suitable for cross-component communication1.
• Try to use application events as opposed to component events. This practice is not advisable, because application events are broadcast to all components that are listening to them, which can cause performance issues and unwanted side effects. Component events are more efficient and secure, as they are only handled by the relevant components1.

References:

• : Communicating with Events
• : Helper Functions
• : Advanced Events Example

The deployment will pass because the Apex code has the required >75% code coverage. In Salesforce, one of the prerequisites for deployment is that the Apex code must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of your Apex script must be executed by your test classes. Since in this case, the overall code coverage is 81%, it exceeds the minimum requirement, allowing for successful deployment. However, it is not a best practice to rely on indirect code coverage from other classes or triggers. The developer should write a separate test class for the trigger that covers all the possible scenarios and outcomes. Additionally, the test method should include assertions to verify the expected behavior and results of the code. References:

• Apex Developer Guide)
• Testing Apex - Trailhead)
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers))

Anonymous Apex code is Apex code that does not get stored in the metadata, but that can be compiled and executed on the fly. You can use Anonymous Apex code for various purposes, such as:

• To delete 15,000 inactive Accounts in a single transaction after a deployment: You can use Anonymous Apex code to perform bulk data operations that are not possible or convenient with the standard tools, such as Data Loader or Import Wizard. For example, you can write a SOQL query to select the inactive Accounts and then use the Database.delete method to delete them in a single transaction. This can save you time and avoid hitting the governor limits.
• To add unit test code coverage to an org: You can use Anonymous Apex code to write and run unit tests for your Apex classes and triggers, without having to save them in the metadata. This can help you increase your code coverage and ensure the quality of your code. You can also use the System.debug method to print the results of your tests in the debug log.

References: Anonymous Blocks, Executing Anonymous Apex Code, Execute Anonymous Apex

The Test.loadData < > method inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects1. The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see “Defining Static Resources” in the Salesforce online help2. This method is useful for creating test data with specific field values without writing code. The other options are either incorrect or less efficient for this purpose. Anonymous Apex is a way to execute Apex code on demand in the Developer Console, but it is not a recommended way to create test data, as it is not part of the test class and may affect the org data3. SOQL is a query language that can retrieve data from the org, but it cannot create new data. Also, using SOQL to access existing data in a test class requires the @IsTest (SeeAllData=true) annotation, which is not a best practice, as it may cause test failures or unpredictable results4. Test.loadData does not support JSON files, only CSV files1. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Defining Static Resources | Salesforce Help
• Anonymous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

A trace flag is a configuration that specifies the debug level, the start time, the end time, and the log type for a user, an Apex class, or an Apex trigger. The log types are DEVELOPER_LOG, USER_DEBUG, and CLASS_TRACING. A trace flag can be configured for Visualforce, Apex classes, and users to enable logging of their activities and events. For example, a trace flag can be set for a Visualforce page to capture the execution time, view state, and heap size. A trace flag can also be set for an Apex class or trigger to override the default logging level and capture more or less information. A trace flag can also be set for a user to monitor their actions and interactions with Salesforce. A trace flag cannot be configured for Process Builder or outbound messages, as they are not supported log types. References:

• TraceFlag from the Tooling API Developer Guide
• Debug Log Levels from the Salesforce Help
• Set Up Debug Logging from the Salesforce Help

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

 To create a Lightning component on a Visualforce page, you need to use the Lightning Components for Visualforce JavaScript library, which is included by the apex:includeLightning/ tag. This library provides the $Lightning object, which has two methods: $Lightning.use and $Lightning.createComponent. The $Lightning.use method references a Lightning dependency app that declares the component dependencies. The $Lightning.createComponent method creates an instance of the component and renders it on the page. See Use Lightning Components in Visualforce Pages1 for more details. References: 1: Use Lightning Components in Visualforce Pages | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.lightning.meta/lightning/components_visualforce.htm)

 To create a form that will create a record for a custom object, the developer can use a Dynamic Form, which is a Lightning App Builder component that allows you to customize the fields and sections of a record page layout1. A Dynamic Form can also use visibility rules to display different fields based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria2. To add the functionality to the Account record page, the developer can use a Dynamic Action, which is a way to configure actions on a record page without code3. A Dynamic Action can also use visibility rules to show or hide actions based on the user’s profile, role, or other criteria4. To restrict the functionality to a small group of users, the developer can create a Custom Permission, which is a way to grant access to custom processes or apps5. A Custom Permission can be assigned to a permission set or a profile, and then assigned to the users who need it. References:

• Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Forms | Salesforce Help
• Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Trailhead
• Visibility Rules for Dynamic Actions | Salesforce Help
• Custom Permissions | Salesforce Trailhead
• [Assign Custom Permissions | Salesforce Help]

In Apex, if a SOQL query returns more than one row and the result is assigned to a single sObject variable, an exception will be thrown. This is because a single sObject variable can only hold one record. In this case, since myAccount is declared as a single Account object, it cannot hold more than one record. If the SOQL query returns more than one Account, an unhandled exception occurs, and the code terminates. References: The behavior can be understood from the Apex Developer Guide under the section of SOQL Queries 

 A developer should use the FIND clause with the IN Name Fields option to obtain the Id and Name of all the Leads, Accounts, and Contacts that have the company name “Universal Containers”. The FIND clause allows you to perform text searches in Salesforce data, similar to searching with a search engine1. The IN Name Fields option specifies that the search should look for matches in the Name fields of the objects2. The RETURNING clause specifies which objects and fields to return in the search results3. The syntax of the FIND clause is as follows:

FIND {searchString} [IN searchGroup] [RETURNING fieldSpec [ORDER BY orderBySpec] [LIMIT limitSpec] [OFFSET offsetSpec]]

For example, the following query returns the Id and Name of all the Leads, Accounts, and Contacts that have the company name “Universal Containers”:

FIND ‘Universal Containers’ IN Name Fields RETURNING lead(id, name), account(id, name), contact(id, name)

Option B is incorrect, because there is no such option as IN CompanyName Fields in the FIND clause. The valid options for the IN clause are ALL FIELDS, NAME FIELDS, EMAIL FIELDS, PHONE FIELDS, and SIDEBAR FIELDS2.

Option C is incorrect, because it is not a valid SOQL query. SOQL stands for Salesforce Object Query Language, which is a different way of querying Salesforce data than the FIND clause. SOQL queries use the SELECT statement to specify the fields and objects to retrieve, and the WHERE clause to filter the records based on certain criteria. However, SOQL queries cannot query multiple objects in a single statement, unless they are related by a relationship. Therefore, the query in option C would result in a syntax error, as it tries to query Lead, Account, and Contact objects in the same statement, without specifying any relationship.

Option D is incorrect, because it is also not a valid SOQL query. Apart from the same issue as option C, it also has a typo in the WHERE clause, as it uses an asterisk (*) instead of an equal sign (=) to compare the CompanyName field with the value “Universal Containers”.

References:

• FIND | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• IN | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• RETURNING | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• [Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers]
• [Relationship Queries | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers]

 A lookup field creates a relationship that links one object to another object. The relationship field allows users to click a lookup icon to select a value from a popup list. The other object is the source of the values in the list1. In this case, the developer should add a lookup field on the Account object to the Global Address object, so that multiple Accounts can share the same Global Address as their default pickup address. This way, the Global Address object can store the common address information for different Accounts, and the Account object can reference the Global Address object via the lookup field. A master-detail field creates a parent-child relationship between two objects, where the master object controls certain behaviors of the detail object. The detail object inherits the sharing and security settings of its master object2. In this case, a master-detail field is not suitable, because the Global Address object should not be dependent on the Account object, or vice versa. The Global Address object should be able to exist independently of the Account object, and the Account object should be able to have multiple Global Address records associated with it. References:

• Object Relationships Overview | Salesforce Help
• Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help

To support split shipments, a developer should add an Order_shipment_Group_c object and a master-detail field on Order_Line_c. The Order_shipment_Group_c object represents a group of order lines that share the same delivery method and destination address1. The master-detail field on Order_Line_c establishes a relationship between each order line and its corresponding order shipment group. This way, the shipping information can be stored in the Order_shipment_Group_c object instead of the Order_c object, and any number of order lines on a single order can be shipped to different locations.

References:

• OrderDeliveryGroup | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers

The developer should use an external ID field to ensure the data being integrated is matched to the right records in Salesforce. An external ID field is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you integrate with an external system, you can use an external ID field to match records based on the external system’s ID, rather than the Salesforce ID. This way, you can avoid creating duplicate records or updating the wrong records. An external ID field can also be used as a relationship field to relate records to other objects. A lookup field is a relationship field that allows users to select a record from another object. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. An external object is a custom object that maps to data stored outside Salesforce, such as in an external database. These options are not relevant to matching records based on an external system’s ID. References:

• Salesforce Help: External ID Fields, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert, Salesforce does not guarantee the order of execution of those triggers. Therefore, it is best practice to avoid having multiple triggers for the same object and event, and instead consolidate the logic into a single trigger handler class. This way, you can control the order of execution of your trigger logic and avoid unexpected results or conflicts. References: Triggers and Order of Execution, Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers, Trigger Order Of Execution In Apex

The correct answers are C and D because they are the minimum requirements for deploying Apex code from a sandbox to production. According to the Salesforce documentation1, “To deploy Apex or package it for the AppExchange, at least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.” Additionally, “Every test method must use the System.assert methods to verify that the expected behavior occurs.” The other options are incorrect because they are not mandatory for deployment, but rather best practices or recommendations. Deploying during business hours may not be feasible or desirable for some organizations, depending on their availability and change management processes. Having at least one line of test coverage for each trigger is not enough to ensure code quality and functionality, and may not meet the 75% code coverage requirement. References:

• Apex Testing
• Deploy Apex
• Trailhead: Apex Testing

Outbound messages are a way of sending information from Salesforce to external systems or applications in real-time when certain criteria or conditions are met. Outbound messages are sent as SOAP messages and can include fields from the record that triggered them. Outbound messages can be configured from Setup and do not require Apex code. Outbound messages can be associated with different automation tools in Salesforce, such as:

• Approval Process: This is a way of automating the approval of records based on predefined steps and actions. Approval processes can send outbound messages as part of the approval actions when the record meets the entry criteria and approval criteria.
• Workflow: This is a way of automating tasks and actions based on certain rules and criteria. Workflow rules can send outbound messages as part of the workflow actions when the record meets the rule criteria.
• Process Builder: This is a way of creating complex business processes and logic using a graphical interface. Process builder can send outbound messages as part of the process actions when the record meets the criteria node.

References:

• Setting Up Outbound Messaging (1)
• Outbound Message in Salesforce: Comprehensive Guide (2)
• Outbound Message Actions - Salesforce (3)

According to the order of execution rules, the first step that happens when a record is saved is the JavaScript validation on the browser, if the record contains any dependent picklist fields. This validation limits each dependent picklist field to its available values. No other validation occurs on the client side. The other steps happen later on the server side, after the record is submitted to the server. References:

• Triggers and Order of Execution, Apex Developer Guide, Section: Triggers and Order of Execution
• Learn Salesforce Order of Execution, Salesforce Ben, Section: Order of Execution from Developer Docs API v54

The developer should use the Lightning:flow tag to display the flow in the Aura component. The Lightning:flow tag is a base Lightning component that allows you to embed a flow in an Aura component and interact with it programmatically. The Lightning:flow tag has attributes that let you specify the name of the flow, pass input values to the flow, handle the flow status change event, and control the flow navigation. The Lightning:flow tag supports only screen flows and autolaunched flows.

The other options are not valid tags for displaying a flow in an Aura component. There is no such tag as Lightning-flow or Aura:flow. The aura:component tag is the root tag of the Aura component hierarchy, but it does not display a flow by itself.

References: lightning:flow - documentation, Use Aura Components with Flows, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

This is because when a DML exception is thrown, it means that the operation failed due to some error, such as a validation rule, a trigger, or a governor limit. If the exception is not handled, it will cause the entire transaction to roll back and display an unhandled exception message to the user. To handle exceptions gracefully, the developer should use a try/catch block to catch the exception and handle it in a way that does not disrupt the user experience, such as logging the error, displaying a custom message, or retrying the operation. References: The use of try/catch blocks for handling exceptions is covered under Apex basics on Trailhead1. You can also find more information on DML exceptions and how to handle them in the Apex Developer Guide2.

Lightning Data Service is the preferred (and easiest) way to work with Salesforce data. With Lightning Data Service, developers use JavaScript to connect components to Salesforce data1. Lightning Data Service also provides security by making server calls to secure User Interface API endpoints2. Lightning Data Service respects the sharing rules and field-level security of the current user, so developers do not need to write any additional code to enforce them3. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant for Lightning Data Service. References:

• Lightning Security | Secure Coding Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Considerations | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Use Lightning Data Service to Work with Data Unit | Salesforce

A trace flag is a special setting in Salesforce that captures detailed information about the execution of Apex code1. It records various events, such as the execution of Apex methods, SOQL queries, and DML operations, and writes them to a log file1. Trace flags can be configured for three types of entities: Apex classes, Apex triggers, and users2. For Apex classes and triggers, trace flags override the default logging levels and enable logging for the specified class or trigger2. For users, trace flags enable logging for all the Apex code executed by that user2. Trace flags can be set up using the Developer Console, the Tooling API, or Setup2. Flows and Visualforce pages are not valid entities for trace flags, as they are not Apex code34. References: 1 TraceFlag | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Debug Log Levels - Salesforce2, 3 Flow | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers3, 4 Visualforce | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers4

• Bulk API is a RESTful API that allows you to load or delete large sets of data in Salesforce. It does not bypass the storage limits of your environment, but it can handle more records and run faster than other APIs12. Bulk API is useful for development, testing, and integration scenarios.
• Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes are two types of sandboxes that you can use to create and test applications in Salesforce. They have different storage limits and refresh intervals. Developer sandboxes have a 200 MB data storage limit and can be refreshed once per day. Developer Pro sandboxes have a 1 GB data storage limit and can be refreshed once every 5 days3 .
• Data import wizard is a web-based tool that you can use to import or update up to 50,000 records in Salesforce. It is not a client application, but a feature that is available in the Setup menu of Salesforce .

References:

• 1: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management
• 3: Sandbox Types and Templates
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging
• : [What Is the Data Import Wizard?]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Business Logic and Process Automation

The code block provided will not insert any accounts because it violates Salesforce’s governor limits. In Salesforce, you cannot perform DML (Data Manipulation Language) operations like insert, update, delete inside a loop as it can quickly exceed the governor limits (for example, you can only do 150 DML operations per transaction). Since the ‘insert’ operation is inside a for loop that iterates 500 times, this code will hit the limit and throw an error. References: The information is based on the understanding of governor limits in Salesforce which is crucial for writing efficient and optimized code. More details can be found in the Apex Developer Guide on Governor Limits: Salesforce Governor Limits

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert or after update, the trigger execution order cannot be guaranteed by Salesforce1. This means that the triggers may run in any order, and the order may change from one execution to another. Therefore, it is not advisable to rely on the order of execution of triggers, or to assume that the order is based on the trigger name, creation date, or modification date. Instead, it is recommended to use a single trigger per object and event, and use helper classes or methods to handle the logic for different scenarios2. References:

• Triggers and Order of Execution - Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers
• Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers - Salesforce Developers Blog

Marking the field as Required on the field definition ensures that the field cannot be left blank or null when a record is created or updated, regardless of the page layout or the API. This is the most efficient way to enforce a value for the picklist field, as it does not require any additional configuration or code. Setting the first value as the default value does not prevent the user from changing or clearing the value. Setting a validation rule requires writing a formula and handling error messages. Marking the field as Required on the page layout only affects the user interface, not the API or other tools. References:

• Create a Custom Picklist Field from the Salesforce Help
• Get Started with Picklists from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Picklist Considerations from the Salesforce Help

The developer should use the lightning-input-field component to support the security requirements. This component respects the field-level security and sharing settings of the Salesforce org, and displays the appropriate data to different types of users. The other components do not have this feature, and may expose sensitive data to unauthorized users. References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide), Secure Coding Guide)

• Add a new Create Records element. This is true because the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. A Create Records element allows the developer to create one or more records of a specific object type and assign values to the fields of those records1.
• Add a new Get Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to query any existing records from the database. A Get Records element allows the developer to find and store one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria2.
• Add a new Update Records element. This is false because the developer already has an Update Records element in the flow that updates the Opportunity record. A Update Records element allows the developer to update one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria3.
• Add a new Roll back Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to undo any changes made by the flow. A Roll back Records element allows the developer to roll back the changes made by the flow to the database if an error occurs.

References:

• 1: Create Records
• 2: Get Records
• 3: Update Records
• : Roll Back Records

 The best technology to create a custom user interface component that allows users to enter and validate information about their accounts is Lightning Web Components. Lightning Web Components are reusable HTML elements that use modern JavaScript and web standards to create fast and efficient user interfaces on the Lightning Platform. Lightning Web Components can leverage the Lightning Data Service to access and manipulate Salesforce data, and use the Lightning Design System to ensure a consistent look and feel. Lightning Web Components can also use Apex methods, wire adapters, and wire functions to perform complex logic and validations on the user input before saving it to the database. Flow is a declarative tool that allows users to automate business processes and guide users through screens, but it is not a technology to create custom user interface components. Visualforce is a framework that allows developers to create custom web pages and components using a tag-based markup language and Apex controllers, but it is not as fast, efficient, or modern as Lightning Web Components. VUE JavaScript framework is an external framework that can be used to create reactive user interfaces, but it is not a native Salesforce technology and it requires additional configuration and integration to work with Salesforce data and services. References:

• Lightning Web Components (Salesforce Developer Documentation)
• Build Lightning Web Components (Trailhead Trail)
• Flow Basics (Trailhead Module)
• Visualforce Basics (Trailhead Module)
• VUE JavaScript Framework (Official Website)

An Apex REST class is a custom class that defines methods that can be invoked via HTTP requests. The developer can use the @RestResource annotation to expose the class as a REST resource, and use the @HttpGet, @HttpPost, @HttpPut, or @HttpDelete annotations to define the methods that correspond to the HTTP verbs. The developer can also use the RestContext class to access the request and response information, such as the parameters, headers, and body. An Apex REST class can be used to integrate with an external order management system by sending and receiving JSON or XML data, and parsing and serializing it using the built-in Apex methods. The developer can then use the flow:callApex action in the flow to invoke the Apex REST class and pass the data to the screen element. An Apex REST class is different from the other options listed, as they are not suitable for this requirement. An Apex controller is a class that provides logic and data for a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An outbound message is a message that is sent from Salesforce to an external system when a workflow rule is triggered, not when a flow is executed. An invocable method is a method that is annotated with @InvocableMethod and can be called from a process, a flow, or a REST API, but it cannot make HTTP requests to an external system. References:

• Apex REST Methods from the Apex Developer Guide
• Call Apex from Flow from the Salesforce Help
• Integrate with External Systems Using Apex REST Services from the Salesforce Trailhead

• By providing device-awareness for mobile and desktops. This is true because the Lightning Component framework is a UI framework for developing Lightning components for mobile and desktop devices. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page. The framework takes care of rendering the components appropriately for different devices and screen sizes1.
• By providing an Agile process with default steps. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any specific process or methodology for developing solutions. Developers can use any process that suits their needs, such as Agile, Waterfall, or Scrum2.
• By providing code review standards and processes. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any code review standards or processes. Developers are responsible for ensuring the quality and maintainability of their code, and they can use tools such as code analysis, testing, and debugging to help them3.
• By providing change history and version control. This is false because the Lightning Component framework does not provide any change history or version control features. Developers can use tools such as Git, SVN, or Salesforce DX to manage their source code and track changes.

References:

• 1: Introducing Aura Components
• 2: Agile Development with Salesforce
• 3: Code Quality and Code Analysis
• : Source Control and Salesforce Development

In this scenario, a formula field is the most appropriate choice to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets for a given project. This is because formula fields automatically calculate their values based on other fields’ values, requiring no additional maintenance or manual intervention. They are used for read-only purposes and are visible to users if they have read access to the object containing the formula field. To create the formula field, the developer can use the following expression:

IF(Total_Approved_Timesheets__c > 0, Total_Rejected_Timesheet__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c, 0)

This expression checks if the total approved timesheets is greater than zero, and if so, divides the total rejected timesheets by the total approved timesheets. Otherwise, it returns zero. This formula field will display the ratio as a decimal number, which can be formatted as a percentage if desired.

References: The use of formula fields for automatic calculations can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover objects and fields management, such as:

• Create Object Relationships
• Data Modeling
• Formula Operators and Functions by Context