Why Use Static Resources andTest.loadData?

C: Static resources allow you to define reusable test data (e.g., in a CSV file).

D:Test.loadDatasimplifies loading bulk test data into test classes from static resources.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Using@isTest(seeAllData=true)violates test isolation principles and is discouraged.

B:@isTest(isParallel=true)is used for parallel execution, not for creating test data.

Declarative customizations, such as workflows, process builder, validation rules, and flows, offer a no-code approach to customizing Salesforce. Below are the key benefits:

Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release (A):Salesforce ensures that declarative tools are automatically updated during new releases, eliminating the need for manual intervention or code refactoring.

C (Correct):This is the correctSOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language)syntax. It performs a full-text search across multiple objects and fields.

The format FIND '*ACME*' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Contact, Lead is thestandard and correctapproach for cross-object keyword searches.

Incorrect options:

A:Incorrect syntax; needs ALL FIELDS or NAME FIELDS, and proper result typing.

B:SOQL does not support searching across multiple objects in a single query.

D:Incorrect casing and structure; missing proper list handling.

A:Using the order number as an external ID ensures Salesforce can identify and update existing records instead of creating duplicates during updates.

B:Ensuring the order number is unique in the OMS guarantees that there will not be multiple records in Salesforce corresponding to a single order.

Maximum Trigger Depth Exceeded:

This error occurs when a trigger causes recursive calls, leading to an infinite loop of execution.

Solution:

Use static variables in helper classes to prevent recursive trigger execution.

Example:

public class TriggerHelper {

public static Boolean isTriggerExecuted = false;

}

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (after update) {

if (!TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted) {

TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted = true;

// Trigger logic here

}

}

Why Not Other Options?

A: Permissions do not affect trigger recursion.

B: Length of the trigger is unrelated to recursion.

C: Code coverage does not influence runtime errors like recursion.

Why Validation Rule?

Validation rules are efficient for enforcing field-level conditions without requiring Apex or Flow.

A formula can check if the user’s profile is not "Sales Manager" and if theLost Reasonfield is blank whenStatusis set to "Closed Lost".

Why Not Other Options?

A: Triggers are more complex and unnecessary for this simple validation.

C: Record-triggered flows are less efficient for field validations compared to validation rules.

D: Approval processes do not handle this type of field-level restriction.

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax iscontroller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use anextensionsattribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax iscontroller, notstandardController, for custom objects.

BandC: These are syntactically incorrect.

Visualforce Pages Documentation

When writing test classes, accessing the Standard Price Book is essential for creatingOpportunityLineItemrecords.

The methodTest.getStandardPricebookId()is specifically designed to retrieve the Standard Price Book ID in a test class context. This ensures you can work with the price book without requiring@isTest(SeeAllData=true).

Why not other options?

B:@isTest(SeeAllData=true)is not recommended because it violates Salesforce best practices by accessing actual org data.

C:@TestVisibleis used for visibility between classes but does not relate to retrieving Standard Price Book.

D:Test.loadData()loads test data from static resources but is unnecessary for accessing the Standard Price Book.

Salesforce Testing Framework

Apex Testing Best Practices

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The provided code runs a SOQL query inside a for loop, which violates Salesforce’s governor limit of 100 SOQL queries per transaction. To avoid hitting these limits, the best practice is to perform queries outside of loops by using a single query that retrieves all required records at once.

Unit Test Scenarios:

Option Bis valid becausegetContentAsPDF()can generate PDF content for testing purposes.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Unit tests cannot execute anonymous Apex as a different user.

C: Unit tests cannot perform callouts unless mock responses are provided.

D: TheSystem.createdDatefield cannot be set manually in unit tests.

Abefore triggerfires when records are inserted, updated, or deleted. Using the Data Loader or Bulk API to import data updates records, which triggers thebefore insertorbefore updateevents.

Not Suitable:

Option A: Renaming or replacing picklists does not trigger a record-level operation.

Option B: The Mass Address Update tool is not a record operation that triggersbeforetriggers.

Option D: Converting leads to contacts triggers lead conversion events, not directly related to Account triggers.

Apex Triggers

Why Queueable Class?

Queueable Apex supports callouts and allows chaining to process one record at a time efficiently.

The trigger detects when theOrder__cstatus changes to "Placed" and enqueues the Queueable class to perform the callout.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Batchable class: Batch jobs are ideal for bulk processing but not suited for single REST callouts.

C. Flow with invocable method: Flows are less efficient and limited in handling callouts for large-scale operations.

D. @future method: While it supports asynchronous callouts, it does not allow chaining, making Queueable more suitable.

To embed a Flow in an Aura component, thelightning:flowtag is used. It allows developers to interact with flows declaratively in Aura components.

In the provided code snippet, the classmyClassdoes not specify a sharing declaration (with sharingorwithout sharing). In Salesforce, when a class does not explicitly declare its sharing context, it defaults towithout sharing. This means sharing rules are not enforced.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To implement an interface in Apex, the implements keyword is used in the class definition. This ensures that the class provides concrete implementations of the interface’s methods.

Account Trigger:

Apex triggers allow for complex logic to retrieve and update theTimezonefield based onPostalCodeToTimezone__c.

Fast Field Updates Record-Triggered Flow:

A record-triggered flow in Fast Field Updates mode can fetch the necessary data fromPostalCodeToTimezone__cand update the Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Quick actions: Used for user interface updates, not for automation based on edits.

B. Approval process: Not relevant to dynamic field updates.

Why Controller?

A customcontrollerallows:

Complex validation involving multiple objects.

Redirection to another Visualforce page upon success.

Controllers can implement custom save logic and redirect usingPageReference.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex: Apex is the underlying programming language, but a controller specifically handles the Visualforce logic.

B. Trigger: Triggers execute on DML events, not on button clicks in Visualforce.

D. Extension: Extensions enhance standard controllers but are not necessary here since a custom controller is being built.

C: The Bulk API is designed for importing or exporting large volumes of data and works efficiently in development environments, but it respects storage limits.

D: Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes have different storage limits. Developer Pro has a larger storage limit compared to a Developer sandbox.

Why not other options?

A: Bulk API does not bypass storage limits.

B: The Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool, not an application installed on your computer.

Salesforce Data Import and Export

Salesforce Bulk API

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

Why Developer Console?

TheDeveloper Consoleprovides tools to troubleshoot query performance, including the Query Plan tool.

The Query Plan tool evaluates SOQL query performance and provides insight into query costs and optimization.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Setup Menu: Used for administrative tasks, not performance troubleshooting.

B. Visual Studio Code IDE: Useful for development, but does not offer query performance tools.

C. AppExchange: Provides apps but does not directly help with query troubleshooting.

Best practices in Apex development for triggers and service layers include:

Avoiding DML operations and queries in loops.

Handling bulk processing efficiently.

Option A ensures compliance by performing all updates at the end, reducing the risk of hitting governor limits.

Option B: UsingSchema.sObjectType.Account.isDeletable()checks if the current user has permission to delete records of theAccountobject. This approach adheres to Salesforce's security model.

Not Suitable:

Option A:accountRec.isDeletable()is not a valid method.

Option C: Incorrect syntax for checking permissions.

Option D:Account.isDeletabledoes not exist.

Schema Methods for Object Permissions

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A (Correct):AnApproval Processcan lock a record (making it read-only) once the record meets certain criteria like stage = Closed/Won.

B (Correct):AValidation Rulecan prevent users from saving changes when the stage is Closed/Won, by throwing an error.

Example validation formula:

text

CopyEdit

AND(ISCHANGED(StageName), ISPICKVAL(StageName, "Closed Won"))

Incorrect options:

C:Before triggers run before the record is saved but don’t prevent UI-level edits unless combined with DML rollbacks or errors.

D:Auto-response rules are for sending emails, not restricting edits.

Option A: Using variable binding eliminates the need for concatenating dynamic values in the query, which is the safest approach.

Option B: UsingString.escapeSingleQuotesensures special characters are handled safely, reducing the risk of SOQL injection.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Whilewith sharingensures sharing rules are applied, it does not prevent SOQL injection.

Option D: Regular expressions are not a reliable method for sanitizing input.

Preventing SOQL Injection

To test Apex code that makes HTTP callouts, Salesforce provides theHTTPCalloutMockinterface. Developers create a test class that implementsHTTPCalloutMockto define the fake response that will be returned when the callout is executed during the test.

This ensures that tests do not depend on the availability or behavior of the external system.

Why not other options?

BandC: These are not relevant for testing HTTP callouts.

D: There is no concept of extendingHTTPCalloutMock. It is implemented, not extended.

Apex Testing for HTTP Callouts

Before-save Apex Trigger:

This is the best solution because abefore-save triggerruns before the record is saved to the database, providing an opportunity to validate or modify the data.

In this case, the Apex trigger can validate the email address using a regular expression or a third-party API call to ensure the email address is valid. If the email is invalid, an error message can be displayed using addError().

Why not the other options?

A. Submit a REST API Callout with a JSON payload:

REST callouts are more complex and generally not recommended for simple validation tasks like email format validation. Additionally, callouts cannot be performed directly in a before-save trigger.

C. Use a custom Lightning Web Component (LWC):

LWCs are primarily for UI interactions and should not be used to enforce data validations that are server-side requirements.

D. Use an Approval Process:

Approval Processes are for managing the approval flow of records, not for real-time validations. They cannot enforce email validation directly.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

D (Correct):Since Payment is avirtual class, it can beextended(not implemented like an interface), and its makePayment method is also virtual, which allows it to be overridden using the override keyword.

The use of override is required to redefine a virtual or abstract method from the parent class.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To embed a Lightning component in a Visualforce page, you need to:

Include the Lightning framework using .

Use $Lightning.use to load Lightning components and resources.

Use $Lightning.createComponent to render the component dynamically in the Visualforce page.

Flow Builder:

Flow Builder can evaluate record criteria using a Decision element and then send an outbound message using the "Action" element.

Allows automation without Apex.

Approval Process:

Approval Processes can evaluate criteria and trigger outbound messages as one of the associated actions.

Why Not Other Options?

C. Entitlement Process: Focuses on managing entitlements, not triggering outbound messages.

D. Next Best Action: Used for recommendations and guided actions, not for triggering outbound messages.

A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it:

Can compare theContact.MailingStatefield with thePreferred_Locations__cfield on theJob__crecord.

Automatically updates or calculates values whenever changes are made, keeping data in sync without requiring Apex code or custom development.

Order of Execution Rules:

Step 1: Original record is loaded from the database.

Step 2: Field-level validations are performed, including maximum field lengths.

Step 3: Old values are overwritten with new record values.

Step 4: JavaScript validation runs in the browser.

When an Account record is created, the following happens:

Before insert triggerincrements the count field once.

After insert record-triggered flowexecutes and increments the count again.

When the record is subsequently updated:

Before update triggerincrements the count again.

After update record-triggered flowincrements it once more.

Thus, the final value of thecountfield =4.

Order of Execution in Salesforce

isOK is declared but not initialized, so its default value is null.

In the condition checks:

The first if evaluates as false because isOK == false is false.

The second else if evaluates as false because isOK == true is false.

The third else if evaluates as true because isOK == null is true and theString == 'Hello' is also true.

So, the value assigned to x is 3.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine the correct definition of the Apex method for a Next Best Action strategy’s Enhance Element, we need to evaluate the syntax and requirements for an @InvocableMethod used in this context, focusing on its accessibility, input/output types, and compatibility with Next Best Action. Let’s analyze the problem and each option systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official documentation.

Understanding Next Best Action and Enhance Elements:

Next Best Action (NBA): NBA is a Salesforce feature that provides personalized recommendations to users, often used in process automation (e.g., via Flow or Einstein Next Best Action). It evaluates strategies to suggest actions, such as offering a discount to a Contact.

Enhance Element: In NBA, an Enhance Element allows developers to invoke custom logic (e.g., an Apex method) to modify or generate recommendations. The Salesforce Next Best Action documentation states: “An Enhance Element in a Next Best Action strategy can invoke an Apex method to dynamically generate or modify recommendations” (Salesforce Help, Next Best Action).

Apex Method Requirements:

The method must be annotated with @InvocableMethod to be callable from NBA or Flow.

It must be global and static to be accessible outside the class.

For NBA, the method typically returns recommendations as a List or List> (for bulk processing).

The input can be a List of a custom wrapper class (e.g., ContactWrapper) to pass data like Contact details.

The Apex Developer Guide specifies: “An @InvocableMethod must be global, static, and can take a List of inputs and return a List of outputs” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, InvocableMethod Annotation).

Requirement Analysis:

Purpose: The method determines a discount level for a Contact, which suggests it generates or modifies a recommendation (e.g., a discount offer).

Input: The method likely takes a List as input, where ContactWrapper is a custom class containing Contact data and other factors.

Output: Since this is for NBA, the method should return a List, where Recommendation is a standard Salesforce sObject used by NBA to represent suggested actions (e.g., a discount offer). The Salesforce Object Reference Guide confirms: “The Recommendation object represents a suggested action in Next Best Action, with fields like Name, Description, and ActionReference” (Salesforce Object Reference Guide, Recommendation Object).

Enhance Element Specifics: An Enhance Element typically expects a List as output for each input, not a nested List>, unless bulkified in a specific way. However, the method must support bulkification (taking a List as input and returning a List).

Evaluating the Options:

A.

apex

Copy

@InvocableMethod

global static List> getLevel(List input)

{ /*implementation*/ }

Accessibility: global static and @InvocableMethod are correct for an invocable method.

Input: List is appropriate, assuming ContactWrapper is a custom class with @InvocableVariable properties to pass Contact data.

Output: Returns List>, which is a nested list. The Apex Developer Guide notes: “An @InvocableMethod can return a nested List, but for Flow or NBA, the expected output is typically List for direct mapping” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, InvocableMethod Annotation). In NBA, an Enhance Element generally expects a List<Recommendation> to map directly to recommendations, not a nested list. A nested list (List<List<Recommendation>>) is more common in Flows when processing multiple outputs for multiple inputs, but for NBA, this is not the standard pattern for an Enhance Element.

Conclusion: Incorrect, as the nested List> return type does not align with the typical expectation of an Enhance Element in NBA, which expects List.

B.

apex

Copy

@InvocableMethod

global Recommendation getLevel(ContactWrapper input)

{ /*implementation*/ }

Accessibility: Uses @InvocableMethod and global, but the method is not static. The Apex Developer Guide states: “An @InvocableMethod must be static to be callable from Flow or Next Best Action” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, InvocableMethod Annotation). This results in a compilation error.

Input: Takes a single ContactWrapper, not a List. Invocable methods must support bulkification by taking a List as input, even if only one record is passed. The Apex Developer Guide specifies: “Invocable methods must take a List as input to support bulkification” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, InvocableMethod Annotation).

Output: Returns a single Recommendation, not a List. Similarly, the output must be a List to support bulkification.

Conclusion: Incorrect due to missing static keyword, and both input and output violate the bulkification requirement (must use List).

C.

apex

Copy

@InvocableMethod

global List> getLevel(List input)

{ /*implementation*/ }

Accessibility: Uses @InvocableMethod and global, but the method is not static, resulting in a compilation error (same issue as option B).

Input: List is correct for bulkification.

Output: Returns List>, which, as noted in option A, is not the typical return type for an NBA Enhance Element. It expects List to directly map to recommendations.

Conclusion: Incorrect due to missing static keyword and the nested List> return type, which is not ideal for NBA Enhance Elements.

D.

apex

Copy

@InvocableMethod

global static List getLevel(List input)

{ /*implementation*/ }

Accessibility: global static and @InvocableMethod are correct, making the method accessible to NBA.

Input: List supports bulkification and is appropriate for passing Contact data and factors.

Output: Returns List, which aligns with the expectation of an NBA Enhance Element. The Enhance Element can use the returned recommendations (e.g., discount offers) directly in the NBA strategy. The Salesforce Help documentation for Next Best Action confirms: “An Apex method invoked by an Enhance Element typically returns a List to provide or modify recommendations” (Salesforce Help, Next Best Action Enhance Element).

Conclusion: Correct, as it meets all requirements: proper accessibility, bulkified input/output, and the expected return type for NBA.

Why Option D is Correct:

Option D is correct because:

It uses @InvocableMethod, global, and static, making the method callable from a Next Best Action Enhance Element.

The input List supports bulkification and allows passing Contact data and other factors.

The output List matches the expected return type for an NBA Enhance Element, allowing the strategy to use the returned recommendations (e.g., discount offers) directly.

This aligns with Salesforce best practices for invocable methods in process automation, as outlined in the Apex Developer Guide and Next Best Action documentation.

Example for Clarity:

Here’s how option D might be implemented:

apex

Copy

global class DiscountCalculator {

@InvocableMethod(label='Get Discount Level' description='Determines discount level for a Contact')

global static List getLevel(List input) {

List recommendations = new List();

for (ContactWrapper wrapper : input) {

// Example logic to determine discount level

Decimal discountLevel = 0.1; // 10% discount based on factors

Recommendation rec = new Recommendation();

rec.Name = 'Discount Offer';

rec.Description = 'Offer a ' + (discountLevel * 100) + '% discount to ' + wrapper.contactName;

rec.ActionReference = 'ApplyDiscount'; // Reference to a Flow or action

recommendations.add(rec);

}

return recommendations;

}

}

global class ContactWrapper {

@InvocableVariable

global String contactName;

@InvocableVariable

global Id contactId;

// Add other factors as InvocableVariables

}

Usage in NBA: The Enhance Element in the Next Best Action strategy calls getLevel, passing a List with Contact data. The method returns a List, each representing a discount offer, which NBA can then present to the user.

Handling Typos:

The options are syntactically correct in the provided image, with no typos to address.

The question assumes ContactWrapper is a properly defined class with @InvocableVariable properties, which is a reasonable assumption for the context.

Option D’s ListRecommendation in the original question appears to be a typo (missing < and >). The correct syntax is List, as assumed in the analysis and corrected in the formatted options.

Event Propagation Phases in Aura Framework:

Default Phase: The framework executes handlers withevent.setDefault().

Bubble Phase: The event propagates upward from the target component to the root component.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Control: Not a valid Aura event propagation phase.

D. Emit: This is part of event creation, not propagation.

Option A: Using aTest Data Factoryclass is a recommended approach to create test records programmatically. This ensures that the test is independent of existing data and can be executed in isolation.

Option B: The@IsTest(SeeAllData=true)annotation allows the test to access existing records in the database, includingPricing_Structure__c. However, this is less recommended as it creates a dependency on existing org data.

Not Suitable:

Option C:Test.loadDatais used to load records from a static resource (CSV) but doesn't suit the requirement directly.

Option D: Addingwithout sharingto a class impacts sharing rules but does not create or ensure the existence of test data.

Testing Best Practices

When troubleshooting batch Apex jobs:

Asynchronous Job Monitoring:

Navigate toSetup > Apex Jobsto view the status of the batch job.

Provides information such as success, errors, and total execution time.

This step is crucial to diagnose whether the issue is with system limits, batch size, or specific records.

Debug Logs:

After identifying the issue in the job monitoring page, use debug logs to pinpoint specific errors or bottlenecks.

B. Check the debug logs for the batch job: Debug logs are a secondary step after checking the job status.

C. Disable and recreate with fewer records: Premature without investigating the root cause.

D. Decrease the batch size: Adjusting batch size is a solution but only after identifying the cause of the timeout.

To notify the parent component when the child component’sNextbutton is clicked, the child component can dispatch a custom event. The parent component listens to this event and handles navigation accordingly.

This is a classicbulkification problem, covered under"Apex Development Best Practices"in the PD1 guide.

To create and manage scratch orgs in Salesforce DX, the Dev Hub must be enabled in your Salesforce production or Developer Edition org. Dev Hub acts as the central hub for managing scratch orgs.

B: Salesforce requires that all Apex code have at least 75% test coverage in production before deployment. This ensures that the system remains reliable.

C: All triggers must have some test coverage as part of the overall 75% requirement for Apex code.

Why not other options?

A: Object visibility settings are not a deployment requirement.

D: Visual Flows do not require test coverage for deployment to production.

Apex Test Coverage Requirements

A: An External ID field is designed to store an ID from another external system, which can be used to match Salesforce records with data from an external source during data imports or integrations.

D: External ID fields are automatically indexed, which can significantly improve the performance of SOQL queries when filtering based on the External ID.

Why not other options?

B: External IDs cannot be formula fields. Only text, number, email, and auto-number fields can be set as External IDs.

C: While External IDs are useful for integrations, they do not make external data visible within Salesforce Mobile.

External IDs Overview

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

Using a formula field is the most efficient solution to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets. It minimizes maintenance overhead by dynamically calculating the value based on the existing roll-up summary fields.

Example Formula:

Total_Rejected_Timesheets__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c

Option A: This is the correct syntax for SOSL to retrieve data across multiple objects. It searches for "Universal Containers" in theCompanyNamefields and returns the specified fields forLead,Account, andContact.

Other Options:

Option BandD: These are invalid SOQL statements since SOQL does not support multi-object queries.

Option C:Namefields are not relevant to the search term "CompanyName."

SOSL Syntax

A: Thesave()method in the custom controller must be tested to ensure it works as intended and redirects to the correct page.

B: Setting parameters viaApexPages.currentPage().getParameters()is crucial to test scenarios where user input or URL parameters drive logic.

D: UsingTest.setCurrentPage(pageRef)is essential for simulating page context in unit tests.

Why not other options?

C: This statement does not belong to testing a custom controller.

B (second occurrence): It appears to be incorrectly formatted in the question.

Testing Apex Controllers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine how a developer can use the OrderRequest class within the CustomerOrder class, we need to evaluate the options based on Apex syntax for inheritance, focusing on the fact that OrderRequest is a virtual class. Let’s analyze the problem and each option systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official Apex Developer Guide.

Understanding Virtual Classes and Inheritance in Apex:

Virtual Class: In Apex, a virtual class allows other classes to extend it and inherit its methods and properties. It can also define methods that can be overridden by subclasses. The Apex Developer Guide states: “A virtual class can be extended by another class, allowing the subclass to inherit its methods and properties, and override virtual methods if needed” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Classes).

Inheritance: Apex supports single inheritance using the extends keyword, where a subclass inherits from a single parent class. The Apex Developer Guide notes: “Use the extends keyword to create a subclass that inherits from a parent class” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Inheritance).

Virtual vs. Interface:

A virtual class can contain method implementations and is extended using extends.

An interface defines method signatures without implementations and is implemented using implements. The question specifies OrderRequest as a virtual class, not an interface.

Requirement: The CustomerOrder class needs to use OrderRequest, which likely means inheriting its functionality, as OrderRequest is a virtual class.

Evaluating the Options:

A. extends (class="OrderRequest")public class CustomerOrder

Syntax: This option attempts to use extends followed by (class="OrderRequest") and then public class CustomerOrder.

Analysis: The syntax is incorrect. In Apex, the extends keyword is followed directly by the name of the class to extend, with no parentheses or class= notation. The correct syntax would be public class CustomerOrder extends OrderRequest. The Apex Developer Guide specifies: “The extends keyword is followed by the name of the parent class, without additional attributes or parentheses” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Inheritance). The (class="OrderRequest") syntax resembles annotations or markup, but it’s not valid in Apex for inheritance.

Conclusion: Incorrect due to invalid syntax.

B. public class CustomerOrder implements Order

Syntax: Uses the implements keyword to implement an interface named Order.

Analysis: The implements keyword is used to implement an interface, not to extend a class. The question states that OrderRequest is a virtual class, not an interface, so implements is inappropriate. Additionally, the option references Order, not OrderRequest, which appears to be a mismatch with the class name provided in the question. The Apex Developer Guide clarifies: “The implements keyword is used for interfaces, while extends is used for classes, including virtual classes” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Interfaces). Even if Order were intended to be OrderRequest, implements would still be incorrect for a virtual class.

Conclusion: Incorrect, as implements is for interfaces, not virtual classes, and Order does not match OrderRequest.

C. public class CustomerOrder extends OrderRequest

Syntax: Declares CustomerOrder as a subclass of OrderRequest using the extends keyword.

Analysis: This is the correct syntax for inheritance in Apex. Since OrderRequest is a virtual class, CustomerOrder can extend it to inherit its methods and properties. The extends keyword allows CustomerOrder to use (inherit) the functionality of OrderRequest. The Apex Developer Guide confirms: “A class can extend a virtual class using the extends keyword, inheriting its methods and properties” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Inheritance). This matches the question’s intent of “using” OrderRequest within CustomerOrder, which typically means inheritance when dealing with a virtual class.

Conclusion: Correct, as it uses the proper extends keyword to inherit from the virtual OrderRequest class.

D. @Implements (class="OrderRequest")public class CustomerOrder

Syntax: Uses an @Implements annotation with (class="OrderRequest") before the class declaration.

Analysis: Apex does not have an @Implements annotation. The implements keyword (without @) is used for interfaces, and annotations in Apex (e.g., @AuraEnabled, @TestVisible) do not use this format for inheritance or interface implementation. The Apex Developer Guide does not define @Implements as a valid annotation (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Annotations). The correct way to extend a virtual class is with extends, as in option C.

Conclusion: Incorrect due to invalid syntax (@Implements is not a valid Apex annotation).

Why Option C is Correct:

Option C is correct because:

It uses the extends keyword to properly declare CustomerOrder as a subclass of OrderRequest, which is a virtual class.

This allows CustomerOrder to inherit and use the methods and properties defined in OrderRequest, fulfilling the requirement to “use” the OrderRequest class within CustomerOrder.

The syntax aligns with Apex best practices for inheritance as outlined in the Salesforce Apex Developer Guide.

Example for Clarity:

Here’s how the correct implementation (option C) would look:

apex

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public virtual class OrderRequest {

public String getOrderDetails() {

return 'Order Details';

}

}

public class CustomerOrder extends OrderRequest {

public String getCustomerOrderInfo() {

// Inherit and use OrderRequest's method

String orderDetails = getOrderDetails();

return 'Customer Order: ' + orderDetails;

}

}

CustomerOrder extends OrderRequest, inheriting getOrderDetails().

The developer can use OrderRequest’s functionality (e.g., call its methods) within CustomerOrder.

Handling Typos:

The question’s code snippet and options are mostly clear, but option B references Order instead of OrderRequest, which appears to be a typo. The analysis assumes the intended class is OrderRequest, as stated in the question stem.

Option D has a typo in the class name: Customerorder should be CustomerOrder (capital O). This does not affect the analysis, as the syntax error (@Implements) is the primary issue.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Lightning Web Components, to cache the results of Apex methods on the client side, the Apex method should be annotated with @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true). This enables the Lightning Data Service to cache the method's response, improving performance by reducing server calls.

Change sets can only be used between related organizations:

Change sets require a relationship between the source and target Salesforce orgs, such as a production org and its sandboxes. You cannot use change sets between unrelated Salesforce orgs.

A Flow with an Assignment element is the best declarative solution to assign cases based on criteria such as Case Origin. It can automatically evaluate the value of the Case Origin and assign the support representative.

Why not other options?

A: Using a trigger is a programmatic approach and less ideal when declarative tools can solve the problem.

B: A formula field cannot assign values; it only calculates and displays results.

C: Validation rules are used to enforce constraints, not for assigning values.

Salesforce Flows Overview

Master-detail relationships allow roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from child records. If a roll-up summary field exists on the Account object, the relationship cannot be changed to a lookup because lookup relationships do not support roll-up fields.

Why not other options?

A: Null values in the Vendor records do not prevent the change.

C: Custom fields can have their types changed as long as dependencies like roll-up fields are not present.

D: Organization-wide defaults do not affect the ability to change relationships.

Salesforce Master-Detail Relationships and Roll-Up Summary Fields

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A (Correct):The renderAs="application/pdf" attribute in the tag instructs the Visualforce page to render the content as a PDF file when accessed.

Example:

Invoice

Incorrect options:

B:renderAs="pdf" is incorrect; the correct MIME type is application/pdf.

C/D:contentType controls headers but doesn't render the content as PDF.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Flow Builder is designed for automating business processes declaratively. In this scenario, it can be configured to update the Timezone field on Account whenever the Postal Code is changed by querying the PostalCodeToTimezone__c object and updating the Account accordingly.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

To determine which SOQL queries are safe from SOQL injection, we need to evaluate each option for how it handles the name parameter (user input from a Visualforce page) and whether it properly mitigates the risk of SOQL injection. SOQL injection occurs when untrusted user input is directly embedded into a query string, allowing malicious users to manipulate the query’s logic. Let’s analyze each option systematically, referencing Salesforce’s official documentation, particularly the Secure Coding Guidelines and Apex Developer Guide.

Understanding SOQL Injection:

SOQL Injection: This vulnerability arises when user input is dynamically concatenated into a SOQL query string without proper sanitization, allowing an attacker to alter the query’s behavior. For example, if name is ' OR '1'='1, an unsafe query might return all records instead of the intended subset. The Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines state: “SOQL injection occurs when untrusted input is concatenated into a query string, potentially allowing an attacker to bypass intended logic” (Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines, SOQL Injection).

Prevention Techniques:

Bind Variables (:variable): Using bind variables in SOQL queries ensures user input is treated as a value, not part of the query logic, preventing injection. The Apex Developer Guide notes: “Using bind variables (:variable) in SOQL queries is the safest way to prevent SOQL injection” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Secure Coding for SOQL).

Sanitization: If dynamic SOQL (e.g., Database.query()) is used, user input must be sanitized using methods like String.escapeSingleQuotes() to escape special characters (e.g., single quotes) that could alter the query.

Context: The name variable comes from a Visualforce page, meaning it’s untrusted user input and must be handled carefully to prevent injection.

Evaluating the Options:

A.

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String query = '%' + name + '%';

List results = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE :query];

Approach: Constructs a query string by concatenating wildcards (%) with the name variable, then uses a bind variable (:query) in the SOQL query.

Security: Using a bind variable (:query) ensures that the value of query (which includes name) is treated as a literal value in the LIKE clause, not as part of the query’s syntax. Even if name contains malicious input (e.g., ' OR '1'='1), the SOQL engine treats it as a single string to match against Name, preventing injection. The Apex Developer Guide confirms: “Bind variables prevent SOQL injection by treating user input as data, not executable code” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, Secure Coding for SOQL).

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, then query = '%Test' OR '1'='1%'. The SOQL query becomes:

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[SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1%']

This searches for records where Name matches the literal string %Test' OR '1'='1%, which is safe and does not alter the query logic.

Conclusion: Safe from SOQL injection due to the use of a bind variable.

B.

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String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name.noQuotes() + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by concatenating name.noQuotes() into the query, then executes it using Database.query().

Security: The noQuotes() method is not a standard Apex method on the String class. The Apex Developer Guide does not define noQuotes() as a built-in method (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, String Class). Assuming it’s a custom method, it likely attempts to remove quotes from the string, but this does not prevent SOQL injection. Concatenating user input directly into the query string is inherently unsafe unless properly sanitized.

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, and assuming noQuotes() does nothing (or removes quotes, which doesn’t help), the query becomes:

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SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test' OR '1'='1%'

The OR '1'='1' condition evaluates to true for all records, returning all Accounts, which is a successful SOQL injection attack.

Conclusion: Not safe, as it directly concatenates user input without proper sanitization or bind variables, and noQuotes() is not a reliable or standard method for preventing injection.

C.

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String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by concatenating name into the query after applying String.escapeSingleQuotes(), then executes it using Database.query().

Security: The String.escapeSingleQuotes() method escapes single quotes in the input by adding a backslash (\), preventing the input from breaking out of the string literal in the SOQL query. The Apex Developer Guide states: “String.escapeSingleQuotes() prevents SOQL injection in dynamic queries by escaping single quotes, ensuring the input cannot alter the query structure” (Salesforce Apex Developer Guide, String Class). This ensures that even malicious input cannot manipulate the query logic.

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, then String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) returns Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1. The query becomes:

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SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test\' OR \'1\'=\'1%'

This searches for records where Name matches the literal string %Test' OR '1'='1%, which is safe and does not allow the OR condition to execute as logic.

Conclusion: Safe from SOQL injection due to the use of String.escapeSingleQuotes() to sanitize the user input in a dynamic query.

D.

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String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Approach: Dynamically constructs a SOQL query string by directly concatenating name into the query, then executes it using Database.query().

Security: This approach is vulnerable to SOQL injection because name is directly embedded into the query string without sanitization. The Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines warn: “Directly concatenating user input into a dynamic SOQL query without escaping can lead to SOQL injection” (Salesforce Secure Coding Guidelines, SOQL Injection).

Example: If name = 'Test' OR '1'='1, the query becomes:

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SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Test' OR '1'='1%'

The OR '1'='1' condition evaluates to true for all records, returning all Accounts, demonstrating a successful SOQL injection attack.

Conclusion: Not safe, as it directly concatenates user input without sanitization or bind variables.

Why Options A and C are Correct:

Option A: Uses a bind variable (:query) in the SOQL query, ensuring that the user input (name) is treated as a literal value, not executable code. This is the most secure way to prevent SOQL injection, as recommended by Salesforce.

Option C: Uses String.escapeSingleQuotes() to sanitize the user input before embedding it into a dynamic SOQL query, preventing the input from altering the query’s logic. This is a safe approach for dynamic queries when bind variables cannot be used directly.

Options B and D: Both concatenate user input directly into the query string without adequate sanitization (noQuotes() is not a standard or reliable method in B, and D has no sanitization), making them vulnerable to SOQL injection.

Example of Vulnerability (Option D):

Consider a Visualforce page where name is set via a user input field:

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String name = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('name');

String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + name + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

If a malicious user submits name = ' OR '1'='1, the query becomes:

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SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%' OR '1'='1%'

This returns all Accounts, bypassing the intended filtering, which is a successful SOQL injection attack.

Mitigating SOQL Injection:

Preferred (Option A): Use bind variables whenever possible:

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String query = '%' + name + '%';

List results = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE :query];

Alternative (Option C): If dynamic SOQL is required, sanitize input with String.escapeSingleQuotes():

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String query = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE \'%' + String.escapeSingleQuotes(name) + '%\'';

List results = Database.query(query);

Handling Typos:

The options are syntactically correct in the provided image, with no typos to address.

Option B’s name.noQuotes() is not a standard Apex method, but the analysis assumes it’s a custom method that fails to prevent injection, as it’s not a recognized sanitization technique.

WhyTest.loadData()?

Simplifies test data creation by loading data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

Ideal for testing specific field values in bulk.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Querying data from the org violates test isolation principles.

C: Anonymous Apex cannot be used within test classes.

D: JSON files in Documents are not supported byTest.loadData().

Why These Settings?

bubbles: true: Enables the event to propagate up the containment hierarchy.

composed: true: Allows the event to cross the Shadow DOM boundary.

Why Not Other Options?

Other combinations (e.g.,bubbles: false) prevent the event from propagating or crossing the Shadow DOM boundary.

LimitExceptioncannot be caught in atry-catchblock because it is thrown when governor limits are exceeded, and Salesforce does not allow further processing in such cases.

Other exceptions, such as custom exceptions,NoAccessException, orCalloutException, can be caught and handled.

Exceptions in Apex

B: Using partial DML statements (e.g.,Database.insert(list, false)) allows only valid records to be committed while identifying invalid ones, avoiding runtime errors.

D: TheDatabase.Savepointmethod ensures transactional control by allowing rollback to a specific savepoint if an error occurs.

Why not other options?

A: The@ReadOnlyannotation is for read-only operations and would not allow DML operations.

C: TheSystem.Limitclass helps monitor limits but does not directly control transaction behavior.

Best Practices for Apex Transactions