220-1102 CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam Questions and Answers

An ESD strap, also known as an antistatic wrist strap, is a device that prevents electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging sensitive electronic components such as RAM. ESD is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electrical charges, which can cause permanent damage or malfunction to electronic devices. An ESD strap connects the technician’s wrist to a grounded surface, such as a metal case or a mat, and equalizes the electrical potential between the technician and the device. Battery backup, thermal paste, and consistent power are not devices that can protect against ESD.

RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol and it is a protocol that allows a user to remotely access and control another computer over a network. A technician can use RDP to assist a user who is in a different building but on the same network by connecting to the user’s computer and viewing their screen, keyboard, and mouse. AAA, SSH, and VPN are not protocols that can be used to assist a user with a program feature.

The Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) is a list that indicates hardware components that are compatible with a specific software or operating system. If software installation fails due to incompliance with the HCL, it's most likely due to core hardware components like the Network Interface Card (NIC) or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) not being supported or not meeting the software's minimum hardware requirements. The PSU, KVM, RAM, and DVI are less likely to directly impact software compatibility as defined by the HCL.

A PIN code is a numeric password that protects a mobile device against unwanted access when it is left unattended. It requires the user to enter the correct code before unlocking the device. OS updates, antivirus software and BYOD policy are other security measures for mobile devices, but they do not prevent unauthorized access when the device is left unattended. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/mobile-device-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

In the case of a security breach disclosure, it's crucial to follow proper protocol to handle sensitive information responsibly:

Ignore the messages: Not appropriate as it disregards the potential impact and severity of the breach.

Remove the colleague and ask members to delete the messages: While it might limit the spread of the information, it doesn't address the breach reporting requirement.

Message the colleague privately: Might help in immediate removal of messages but does not follow the proper chain of command and reporting protocols.

Contact the supervisor: The correct action, as it ensures that the incident is handled by higher authorities who can take appropriate measures. Reporting with screenshots ensures that there is evidence of the disclosure.

A soft token, also known as a software token or an OTP (one-time password) app, is a type of multifactor authentication that generates a temporary code or password on a user’s device, such as a smartphone or a tablet. The user must enter this code or password along with their username and password to access their account or service. A soft token can help improve security by adding an extra layer of verification and preventing unauthorized access even if the user’s credentials are compromised. A soft token can also be implemented at a minimal cost, as it does not require any additional hardware or infrastructure. Biometrics, access control lists, and smart card are not types of multifactor authentication that can be implemented at a minimal cost.

Linux is known for its high degree of customizability and flexibility, making it an ideal choice for organizations looking to deploy a customizable operating system. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux allows users to modify or replace almost any part of the system, from the kernel to the desktop environment and applications, to suit their specific needs.

Linux: This open-source operating system provides access to the source code, enabling extensive customization. Organizations can tailor Linux distributions to fit specific requirements, making it a popular choice for servers, specialized workstation environments, and embedded systems.

Windows 10 (A) and macOS (B) offer some level of customization but are more restricted due to their proprietary nature. Chrome OS (D) is designed for simplicity and security, focusing on web applications, which limits deep system-level customizations. iOS (E) is designed for Apple's mobile devices and is not applicable for organizational deployment beyond mobile and tablet devices; it also offers limited customization compared to Linux.

Proper ventilation is a factor that can extend the life of a device by preventing overheating and thermal damage to the device’s components. Proper ventilation means ensuring that there is enough airflow around and inside the device to dissipate heat and maintain a suitable temperature for optimal performance. Proper ventilation can be achieved by using fans, heat sinks, vents, or liquid cooling systems, as well as avoiding placing the device near heat sources or in enclosed spaces. Battery backup, electrostatic discharge mat, and green disposal are not factors that can extend the life of a device.

The correct answers are D. Restricting log-in times and E. Enabling a screen lock. These are the security measures that can be used to prevent the computers from being accessed by unsupervised contractors in the building.

Restricting log-in times means setting a policy that allows users to log in only during certain hours, such as the regular working hours of the company. This will prevent unauthorized access by contractors who work at night1.

Enabling a screen lock means setting a policy that requires users to enter a password or a PIN to unlock their screens after a period of inactivity. This will prevent unauthorized access by contractors who might try to use the computers when the users are away2.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 19, section 2.3. 2: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 20, section 2.4.

Activation Lock is a feature that prevents anyone from erasing or activating an iOS device without the owner’s Apple ID and password. If a corporate-owned iOS device is linked to an employee’s Apple ID, it will have an Activation Lock issue when the employee leaves the company or forgets their Apple ID credentials.

Running an antivirus scan for malicious software is the first step that a support technician should do when a user reports a virus on a PC. The antivirus scan can detect and remove the virus, as well as prevent further damage or infection. Quarantining the host, investigating how the malware was installed and reimaging the computer are possible steps that can be done after running the antivirus scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-remove-a-virus https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

For securely disposing of SSDs, physical destruction methods like shredding are considered most effective:

Shredding: This method involves physically breaking the SSD into small pieces, making data recovery practically impossible. It's a recommended practice for ensuring that sensitive data on SSDs is irretrievably destroyed.

The correct tool to use for removing upgrade files and freeing up disk space on a Windows desktop is cleanmgr.exe, which stands for Disk Cleanup. Disk Cleanup is a maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free up disk space on a computer's hard drive. The utility scans and analyzes the hard drive for files that are no longer of any use, and then removes the unnecessary files. It can delete temporary files, system files, empty the Recycle Bin, and remove a variety of system files and other items that you might no longer need​​.

To resolve a BSOD issue on a Windows 10 PC after installing optional Windows updates, the best approach is to Roll back the device drivers (B). BSODs can often be caused by incompatible or faulty drivers introduced during an update. Rolling back the drivers to a previous version can restore system stability and resolve the BSOD issue​​.

Time Machine is a backup feature available in macOS that automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months to an external drive or NAS. It allows users to recover the entire system or specific files from any point in time, ensuring access to multiple versions of files. This feature is particularly useful for reverting to earlier versions of a document or recovering a file that has been accidentally deleted or altered. The other options, such as Multiple Desktops, Remote Disc, and FileVault, do not provide versioning capabilities for file access.

When an Android device starts exhibiting issues like frequent crashes and rapid battery drain after downloading an application, the first step should be to address the immediate cause:

Uninstall the game application: Since the issues started after the game application was installed, removing it is a logical first step. Unwanted or malicious applications can cause such symptoms by running harmful processes in the background or exploiting system resources.

Install the latest security patches: Keeping the device updated with the latest security patches is crucial for protecting against vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious software. Updating can resolve existing security flaws and improve device stability.

An acceptable use policy (AUP) is a document that defines the rules and expectations for the users of a system, network, or service. It typically covers topics such as the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and restrictions of using the system, network, or service1. An AUP is a suitable place to publish the guidelines for the incorporation of generative AI solutions, as it can inform the users of the benefits, risks, and ethical implications of using such tools. It can also specify the conditions and limitations for using generative AI solutions, such as the types of data, content, and applications that are allowed or prohibited, the security and privacy requirements, the legal and regulatory compliance, and the accountability and reporting mechanisms23.

To secure a SOHO wireless network, enabling WPA3 is the recommended option. WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is the latest security certification program developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. It provides cutting-edge security protocols and cryptographic methods to enhance and replace its predecessors, WPA2 and WPA, offering improved protection against brute-force attacks and ensuring better privacy on public networks​​.

A rollback plan describes the process of reverting a system to its previous state after a failed upgrade or change. This ensures system stability and functionality by restoring known good configurations and is a crucial part of change management to minimize disruptions in case of unsuccessful updates.

To resolve an issue of low storage space on a Windows computer, the best approach is to Run Disk Cleanup (B). Disk Cleanup is a built-in utility that helps users free up space on their hard drives by deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary files that are no longer needed, thereby resolving low storage space issues

SQL injection is a type of attack that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in a web application's database query software, allowing an attacker to send malicious SQL commands through the application to the database. These commands can manipulate the database and can lead to unauthorized data access or manipulation.

SQL injection: In the scenario described, the malicious user was able to export an entire website's user database by entering specific commands into a field on the company's website, which is a classic example of an SQL injection attack. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in the database layer of an application to execute unauthorized SQL commands.

Cross-site scripting (A) involves injecting malicious scripts into content from otherwise trusted websites. A brute-force attack (C) is an attempt to gain access to a system by systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. A DDoS attack (D) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

Using a password manager is the best way to mitigate the issue of users recording their login information in accessible areas. Password managers securely store and encrypt passwords and login details, reducing the need for users to write down or remember multiple complex passwords. This approach enhances security by encouraging the use of strong, unique passwords for different accounts without the risk of forgetting them or the unsafe practice of writing them down. Trusted sources, valid certificates, and user training are important security measures but do not directly address the problem of managing multiple secure passwords as effectively as a password manager does.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

When a computer is running slower than usual and experiences long startup times, the first tool to use is:

Task Manager: This utility provides real-time data on the processes and applications consuming system resources like CPU, memory, and disk usage. By identifying resource-heavy processes, a technician can take steps to optimize performance or identify malicious software.

In the context of a forensic investigation, especially involving sensitive information, preserving the integrity and the chain of custody of the potential evidence is crucial. The step to "Recover and secure the workstation" involves physically securing the workstation to prevent any unauthorized access and logically securing the data by ensuring that no changes are made to the system or files. This step helps maintain the original state of the workstation, which is essential for a legitimate forensic analysis and ensuring that the evidence is admissible in legal proceedings.

For updating software on several hundred Mac laptops, the best method is Mobile Device Management (MDM). MDM solutions allow administrators to remotely manage and update software across multiple devices efficiently, making it an ideal choice for handling software updates on a large scale.

The app file type is designed to run under macOS as an application file bundle. macOS uses application bundles to store executable files and related resources, such as libraries, image files, and localized content, in a single directory hierarchy. This approach simplifies application management and execution within the macOS environment​​.

Before starting a bare-metal installation of Windows 10, ensuring that there is sufficient storage space on the system's hard drive or SSD is crucial. This is because the installation files need enough room to be copied and for the operating system to be installed and function properly. Without adequate storage, the installation process can fail or the operating system might not perform optimally. Other prerequisites like internet connection, product key, and specific firmware types might be necessary at different stages of installation or activation, but the fundamental requirement is enough storage space to accommodate the new OS.

Restarting the smartphone can resolve a wide range of technical issues, including those related to Bluetooth connectivity. This simple step can refresh the system and eliminate temporary software glitches that might be interfering with Bluetooth functions like audio output and data synchronization.

Restart the smartphone: This action clears the system's RAM and can resolve conflicts between the Bluetooth service and other processes running on the smartphone, potentially fixing both the audio and synchronization issues.

Resetting network settings (B) could also potentially fix the issue but is a more drastic step that also clears Wi-Fi networks and passwords, cellular settings, and VPN configurations, which might not be necessary. Unpairing the Bluetooth speaker (C) could help if the issue is specific to the speaker, but since there are also synchronization issues with the smartwatch, the problem seems broader. Checking for system updates (D) is a good general maintenance step, but it's more likely to help with ongoing or known issues rather than immediate connectivity problems.

When an Android device experiences slow boot times and application crashes after installing apps from a third-party website, scanning the system for malware is a critical first step. Third-party sources can often host malicious software that can compromise device performance and security. A malware scan can identify and remove such threats, potentially resolving the performance issues and application instability. Clearing the web browser cache, enrolling the device in an MDM system, and confirming app compatibility are useful steps but do not address the immediate concern of potential malware introduced by third-party app installations.

When troubleshooting a Windows system that is experiencing issues during the OS loading phase at startup, enabling boot logging is a practical step. Boot logging creates a record of all drivers and services that are loaded (or attempted to be loaded) during the startup process. This record, typically named ntbtlog.txt, can be reviewed to identify any drivers or services that failed to load, which could be contributing to the startup issues. This diagnostic step helps pinpoint the problematic component(s) and facilitates targeted troubleshooting to resolve the OS loading issues.

Rolling back the updates is the best way to resolve the issue of slow performance caused by installing the latest Windows security patch. This can be done by using the System Restore feature or by uninstalling the specific update from the Control Panel. Rebuilding user profiles, restarting the services and performing a system file check are not likely to fix the issue, since they do not undo the changes made by the update. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-roll-back-windows-updates https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Calibrating the phone sensors is a step that can troubleshoot the issue of screen not autorotating on a mobile device. Screen autorotation is a feature that automatically adjusts the screen orientation based on the device’s position and movement. Screen autorotation relies on sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope to detect the device’s tilt and rotation. Calibrating the phone sensors can help fix any errors or inaccuracies in the sensor readings that may prevent screen autorotation from working properly. Enabling the touch screen, reinstalling the operating system, and replacing the screen are not steps that should be done next to troubleshoot this issue.

The Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel is the central place to manage network connections and settings in Windows. When facing issues with accessing a mapped drive, this utility allows users to review and adjust network settings, making it possible to resolve connectivity problems. It provides options to view network status, set up new connections, change adapter settings, and troubleshoot network problems, which can help in enabling connectivity to the mapped drive on the Windows XP machine.

When encountering a warning about antivirus protection malfunctioning, the first step should be to isolate the computer from the network to prevent potential spread of malware. Updating the endpoint protection software is also crucial to ensure the latest virus definitions and security features are in place to effectively identify and remove the threat.

To mitigate brute-force attacks, implementing a failed log-in lockout feature is effective. This security measure temporarily disables user accounts after a specified number of unsuccessful login attempts, preventing attackers from continuously trying different password combinations to gain unauthorized access.

A keylogger is a type of malware that captures user input, such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and clipboard data, and sends it to a malicious actor. Keyloggers can be used to steal passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data.

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a user to connect to and control a remote computer over a network. RDP can be used to perform Windows updates on a department’s servers without physically accessing them.

When dealing with sensitive information, it's crucial to adhere to company policies and procedures. These policies will outline the proper protocols for handling and transporting devices containing sensitive data.

Here's why the other options might not be the best course of action:

A. Remove the HDD and then send the computer for repair: While this might seem like a good way to protect the data, it might not be compliant with company policy. Some policies might require the entire device to be sent for security reasons or to ensure proper diagnosis and repair.

C. Delete the sensitive information before the computer leaves the building: Deleting the data might not be sufficient, as it could potentially be recovered. Also, it might violate data retention policies or hinder the repair process.

D. Get authorization from the manager: While getting manager approval is important, it's essential to first consult the company policies to understand the required procedures.

Recommended Steps:

Check corporate policies: Review the company's policies on data security, device handling, and off-site repairs.

Consult with IT security or management: If the policies are unclear or if you have any questions, seek guidance from the appropriate personnel.

Follow the prescribed procedures: This might involve data encryption, secure data wiping, obtaining necessary approvals, and using approved vendors for off-site repairs.

On macOS, uninstalling an application typically involves locating the app in Finder and dragging it to the Trash. This method is straightforward and commonly used for removing unwanted applications. The other options do not directly relate to the standard process of uninstalling applications on a Mac.

To troubleshoot a user's computer remotely while the user is connected, the best option is Microsoft Remote Assistance (MSRA). MSRA allows the technician to view and control the user's screen with their permission, facilitating an effective troubleshooting session without disconnecting the user.

The 'top' command in Linux is used to display the running processes along with information about system resources like CPU and memory usage. It provides a real-time view of the system's resource consumption, making it an essential tool for monitoring and managing system performance.

AirDrop is a feature on Apple devices that allows users to wirelessly share files, photos, and videos with nearby Apple devices. If the MacBook is receiving unsolicited AirDrop requests, adjusting the AirDrop settings to allow sharing with contacts only or turning it off completely can help prevent these random pop-up requests.

Booting in safe mode is the initial step to diagnose a computer experiencing a blue screen of death (BSOD) following a failed Windows 10 update. Safe mode starts the computer with a minimal set of drivers and services, allowing troubleshooting and identification of the problematic software or driver causing the BSOD. This mode provides a safer environment to uninstall recent updates or drivers, perform system scans, and restore the system if necessary. Other options like System Restore wizard, last known-good configuration, and resetting BIOS settings may be subsequent steps but do not directly diagnose the issue as effectively as booting in safe mode.

To verify network traffic flow and identify where packets are being delayed or lost, the traceroute (tracert in Windows) command is the best tool. It maps out the path a packet takes to reach a destination, showing each hop along the way.

Option A (Incorrect): net use is used for managing shared network resources, such as mapping network drives, and is not related to network traffic flow.

Option B (Incorrect): nslookup is used to query DNS servers and resolve domain names to IP addresses but does not trace network traffic.

Option C (Correct): traceroute (tracert in Windows) is the best tool to track the path of network packets and determine where delays or failures occur.

Option D (Incorrect): netstat displays active network connections and listening ports but does not trace packet routes.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Reference:

220-1102 Exam Objective 2.5 – Given a scenario, troubleshoot common network connectivity issues using appropriate tools and best practices.

A boot sector virus infects the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive, the sector that contains information required to start the operating system after the computer is turned on. This type of virus is particularly insidious because it loads into memory immediately upon booting and before most antivirus programs start. This makes it possible for the virus to evade detection and removal, and can easily reinfect a system even after the operating system is reinstalled if the boot sector is not cleaned.

Boot sector virus: Given that the malware infection returned after the OS reinstallation, it's likely that the virus was not removed from the boot sector during the reinstallation process. Reinstalling the OS without cleaning the boot sector won't remove the infection, allowing the virus to continue to affect the system.

Other options:

Trojan: A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. While Trojans can be persistent, the reinstallation of the OS should remove any Trojans unless they are reintroduced after installation.

Spyware: Spyware is designed to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge. Like Trojans, spyware should be removed with an OS reinstallation unless it is reintroduced in some way.

Rootkit: Rootkits are designed to enable continued privileged access to a computer while actively hiding their presence. While a rootkit could potentially survive an OS reinstall if it infects the firmware or certain areas outside the OS, the scenario described points more specifically to a boot sector virus, especially considering the immediate return of the infection after OS reinstallation.

When a single user is experiencing network issues while others are unaffected, the first step should always be to check the physical connectivity. This includes verifying that the Ethernet cable is plugged in properly, the NIC is enabled, and the link lights are active.

Option B (Reboot the router): Affects all users and is not necessary since others are not experiencing the issue.

Option C (Disable IPv6): Unlikely to resolve the problem unless you’re troubleshooting a specific IPv6-related issue.

Option D (Check the DNS settings): A valid step if internet access is limited to name resolution problems, but start with physical connectivity first.

? Reference:

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Exam Objective 2.3 – "Given a scenario, troubleshoot common networking issues."

CompTIA Troubleshooting Methodology – Step 1: Identify the problem.

When a system administrator discovers a user's PC running slowly with 100% CPU utilization, it often indicates that the system is being used for unauthorized purposes, such as being part of a botnet attack. Here’s why:

Botnet attack: Botnets are networks of computers infected with malware and controlled by an attacker. These infected computers (bots) are often used to carry out tasks like sending spam or participating in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The high CPU utilization and resource usage indicate that the computer might be performing tasks dictated by the botnet controller.

Firewall activities: While firewall activities can use some resources, they generally do not cause sustained high CPU utilization.

DDoS attack: DDoS attacks target external systems by overwhelming them with traffic. A system participating in a DDoS might have high network usage, but the primary symptom on the user’s PC would be high network activity, not necessarily CPU usage.

Keylogger attack: Keyloggers record keystrokes and generally do not cause high CPU utilization. They are more stealthy and have minimal resource footprints.

EFS (Encrypting File System) is a feature of Windows that provides filesystem-level encryption. It is designed to encrypt files and folders to protect them from unauthorized access, even if an attacker has physical access to the computer.

ext: A filesystem type used primarily in Linux, without native encryption features for Windows.

APFS: Apple's filesystem, used in macOS and iOS.

FAT: A simple filesystem type with no encryption features.

EFS: The correct choice for a Windows user needing to encrypt data at the filesystem level to protect against unauthorized physical access.

A jailbroken iPhone (Option D) allows users to bypass Apple's restrictions to install unauthorized apps and modify system settings. This situation suggests the phone may have been compromised or tampered with, potentially voiding warranties and exposing the device to security vulnerabilities.

APK Source (Option A) refers to Android packages, not applicable to iPhones.

Connectivity issues (Option B) doesn't explain the comparison to an identical phone.

Developer Mode (Option C) is typically used for app development, not indicative of the situation.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.7 - Explain mobile device security, including risks of jailbreaking

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) monitor network traffic for malicious activities and alert administrators, helping to prevent malware infections before they can impact the network significantly. CompTIA Core 2 emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive measures like IDS to proactively detect and respond to potential threats (Core 2 Objective 2.3)​.

When a technician is unable to connect to a laptop over a VPN, one of the most common reasons is that the firewall settings on either the laptop or the network are blocking the connection.

Wireless protocol: Unrelated, as the technician is already connected to the VPN.

DHCP pool: Unlikely to be the issue, as it deals with IP address assignment.

Content filtering: Typically involves filtering web content, not affecting direct connections.

Firewall: The correct setting to review, as it may block the necessary ports or services required for remote access.

The .dmg file type in macOS requires mounting before installation. .dmg files are disk image files used to distribute software on macOS. When opened, they mount a virtual disk on the desktop, from which the application can be installed. Other file types like .pkg, .zip, and .app have different processes for installation and do not require mounting in the same way.

For securing mobile devices with two authentication methods, combining something the user knows (a PIN) with something the user is (biometrics) enhances security by implementing multi-factor authentication.

Smart card: Generally requires additional hardware and is not commonly used in mobile devices.

Biometrics: Uses unique biological traits such as fingerprints or facial recognition, providing a convenient and secure second method of authentication.

Hard token: Involves additional physical devices which might not be practical for mobile devices.

One-time password: Usually used for specific applications rather than as a general device authentication method.

Restarting services can resolve issues with web applications without requiring a full server reboot, which aligns with the company policy.

Restart services: Likely to resolve issues with the web application by refreshing the necessary services.

Roll back Windows updates: Unnecessary if the issue is with the application services.

Perform a Windows repair: More disruptive and not typically needed for application service issues.

Add RAM to the server: Would require a reboot and is not immediately necessary for troubleshooting application issues.

Shoulder surfing is a threat that involves someone looking over another person’s shoulder to observe their screen, keyboard, or other sensitive information. Shoulder surfing can be used to steal passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), credit card numbers, or other confidential data. The use of a privacy screen on a computer can help prevent shoulder surfing by limiting the viewing angle of the screen and making it harder for someone to see the screen from the side or behind. Impersonation, whaling, and tailgating are not threats that can be prevented by using a privacy screen on a computer.

The Ease of Access feature in Windows that allows a user to press keyboard shortcuts one key at a time is called "Sticky Keys." Sticky Keys is designed to assist users with disabilities who have difficulty pressing multiple keys simultaneously. To enable Sticky Keys:

Press the Shift key five times in a row: This is the quickest method to activate Sticky Keys. When you press the Shift key five times, a dialog box appears, asking if you want to turn on Sticky Keys. This method is widely documented as the default shortcut for enabling this feature.

Confirmation dialog: A confirmation dialog will appear asking if you want to turn on Sticky Keys. Click "Yes" to enable it.

Control Panel or Settings: Alternatively, you can enable Sticky Keys through the Control Panel or the Settings app. Go to "Ease of Access" settings, find the "Keyboard" section, and turn on Sticky Keys from there.

The first step in securing a newly installed SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) wireless router is to ensure it has the latest firmware installed. Firmware updates often include important security patches and new features that protect the router from known vulnerabilities. Other actions, like disabling unused ports or guest accounts, can be useful for hardening the security, but they should come after the router is running the most recent and secure version of its firmware.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:The PC is likely infected with ransomware. The immediate step should be to disconnect from the network to prevent the malware from spreading to other devices. Core 2 highlights steps to respond to malware incidents, such as disconnecting from the network as part of containment measures (Core 2 Objective 2.3)​.

A biometric lock requires an authorized user to provide a unique biometric identifier, such as a fingerprint, in order to gain access to the server room. A badge reader requires an authorized user to swipe an access card in order to gain access. Both of these methods ensure that only authorized personnel are able to access the server room. Additionally, video surveillance and access control vestibules can be used to further secure the server room. Finally, a locking rack can be used to physically secure the servers, so that they cannot be accessed without the appropriate key.

Refreshing local Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) settings and deleting the Windows Update cache are effective steps in resolving issues with Windows 10 not installing updates. These actions help in rectifying any corrupt update files and ensuring that the workstation is properly communicating with the update servers, which can resolve errors during manual and automatic update installations.

The issue could have been avoided if the developer had used Sandbox testing (Option D), which allows new software to be tested in a controlled environment before implementation. This process ensures that the software does not negatively impact system functionality, like stopping access to critical resources such as file servers.

End-user acceptance (Option A) ensures that users approve the software, but it wouldn't prevent the issue.

Staff delegation (Option B) relates to who is responsible but doesn't address testing.

Appropriate scoping (Option C) helps in defining the extent of changes but does not replace testing.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

4.2 - Explain basic change management best practices, including testing in a sandbox environment​.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Cloud storage ensures that data is backed up off-site, protecting against physical disasters like fires or floods.

A. Test environment – Incorrect. This is for software testing, not data recovery.

B. Local backups – Incorrect. These could also be destroyed in a disaster.

C. Cold site – Useful for disaster recovery but does not automatically back up data.

The net use (Option D) command is used to manage network drives in Windows. It can be used to display and disconnect mapped network drives, making it the correct choice for removing unused network drives.

format (Option A) is used to format disks, not for managing network drives.

netstat (Option B) displays network connections but doesn't manage network drives.

diskpart (Option C) is used for disk partitioning, not network drive management.

rmdir (Option E) is used to remove directories, not network drives.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.2 - Use the appropriate Microsoft command-line tool, including net use for managing network drives .

The first step in installing an operating system on a new computer is Setting the boot order (Option A). This ensures that the computer can boot from the installation media (USB, DVD, etc.). Once the boot order is configured, the system can start from the installation source, and the rest of the OS installation process can proceed.

Formatting the hard drive (Option B) comes later in the process, after the installation media is booted.

Entering the product key (Option C) and Selecting the filesystem (Option D) are subsequent steps during the installation process.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.9 - Perform OS installations and upgrades, including setting boot methods and boot order​​.

Random restarting of an Android phone and the presence of applications not from the standard marketplace strongly suggest the possibility of malware.

Option A: The OS update failedWhile an OS update failure can cause issues, it is less likely to result in random restarts compared to malware.

Option B: The user downloaded malwareMalware is a common cause of erratic behavior, including random restarts, especially when applications are installed from unofficial sources.

Option C: The device is in developer modeDeveloper mode alone does not typically cause random restarts. It may make the device more susceptible to issues if improper apps are installed.

Option D: The over-the-air carrier update failedSimilar to the OS update, this would more likely cause consistent issues rather than random restarts.

When a legacy application is not fully functional after upgrading the Windows operating system, the first step to troubleshoot the issue is to:

Run the application as Administrator: Legacy applications often require administrative privileges to run correctly. Running the application with these privileges can resolve issues related to permissions and access to certain system resources.

Raise the User Account Control level: This increases security prompts but does not resolve compatibility issues.

Turn off Windows Defender Firewall: This can expose the system to security risks and is unlikely to resolve application functionality issues.

Disable compatibility mode for the application: Compatibility mode should generally be enabled for legacy applications to ensure they run properly on newer OS versions.

A rollback plan is essential for a change to be approved by a change management review board. It outlines the steps to reverse a change in case something goes wrong, minimizing downtime and mitigating risk. Other items like end-user acceptance and cost analysis are important but not typically the deciding factor for approval.

Changing the text size efficiently for different scenarios, such as meetings and regular work tasks, can be managed directly through the Windows display settings. This method is both quick and easily reversible, making it the most efficient solution compared to the other options provided.

Option A: Issuing a laptop to the user with increased font size to be used only for meetingsThis option is not efficient as it requires additional hardware and setup time, which is impractical for simply adjusting text size.

Option B: Using display settings to adjust the text size during meetingsCorrect Answer. Windows provides built-in functionality to adjust the text size on the display. This can be accessed via:

Windows Settings > System > Display.

Under "Scale and layout," you can change the size of text, apps, and other items. This method allows for quick changes and can be reverted just as quickly after meetings.

Enabling an allow list (Option D) will limit access to the wireless network by only allowing devices with specified MAC addresses to connect. This is an effective method for minimizing Wi-Fi access in a crowded environment.

Port forwarding (Option A) controls traffic through specific ports but doesn't minimize wireless access.

Unused ports (Option B) could refer to physical network ports or firewall settings, unrelated to controlling Wi-Fi access.

Disabling SSID broadcast (Option C) might hide the network name but doesn't secure access.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.9 - Configure security settings for SOHO networks, including MAC filtering .

The chmod command in Unix/Linux systems changes file and directory permissions, allowing a technician to control read, write, and execute rights for users and groups. sudo allows running commands with elevated privileges but doesn’t directly change permissions. mv moves or renames files, and pwd prints the current working directory. Core 2 exam content covers basic Linux command-line utilities where chmod is essential for managing permissions to secure files and directories.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:A "No OS found" message often occurs if the PC is trying to boot from an external storage device that does not contain an OS. Removing any external devices and rebooting can resolve this issue. This approach is part of troubleshooting boot-related problems, as emphasized in Core 2 (Core 2 Objective 3.1)​.

The ext3 file system is a Linux native file system that meets the requirements of the question. It has the following features:

All changes are tracked. The ext3 file system uses a journaling mechanism that records all changes to the file system metadata in a special log called the journal before applying them to the actual file system. This ensures that the file system can be restored to a consistent state in case of a power failure or system crash12.

The possibility of file corruption is reduced. The journaling feature of ext3 also reduces the possibility of file corruption, as it avoids the need for a full file system check after an unclean shutdown. The file system can be quickly replayed from the journal and any inconsistencies can be fixed12.

Data recovery is easy. The ext3 file system supports undeletion of files using tools such as ext3grep or extundelete, which can scan the file system for deleted inodes and attempt to recover the data blocks associated with them34.

Maintaining the chain of custody is important to control evidence and maintain integrity. The chain of custody is a process that documents who handled, accessed, or modified a piece of evidence, when, where, how, and why. The chain of custody ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and authenticated throughout the incident response process. Maintaining the chain of custody can help prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of evidence, as well as establish its reliability and validity in legal proceedings. Maintaining an information security policy, properly identifying the issue, and gathering as much information as possible are not reasons why maintaining the chain of custody is important. Maintaining an information security policy is a general practice that defines the rules and guidelines for securing an organization’s information assets and resources. Properly identifying the issue is a step in the incident response process that involves analyzing and classifying the incident based on its severity, impact, and scope. Gathering as much information as possible is a step in the incident response process that involves collecting and documenting relevant data and evidence from various sources, such as logs, alerts, or witnesses. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 26

Linux is the most commonly used operating system in embedded systems because it is open source, free, customizable, and supports a wide range of architectures and devices. Linux also offers many advantages for embedded development, such as real-time capabilities, modularity, security, scalability, and reliability. Linux can run on embedded systems with limited resources, such as memory, storage, or power, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the application. Linux also has a large and active community of developers and users who contribute to its improvement and innovation. Some examples of embedded systems that use Linux are smart TVs, routers, drones, robots, smart watches, and IoT devices

Phishing attacks are typically delivered via email, so the most effective immediate measure is to filter out these malicious emails.

Enabling Windows Firewall: Helps protect against network threats but does not specifically address phishing emails.

Activating the email spam filter: Directly targets phishing attempts by filtering and blocking suspicious emails before they reach the user.

Using a secure VPN connection: Enhances secure communications but does not prevent phishing attacks.

Running vulnerability scans on a schedule: Identifies and mitigates vulnerabilities but does not address phishing emails directly.

This is a scenario of a potential tech support scam, where a fraudster pretends to be a technical support agent and tries to trick the user into giving them access to the computer, personal information, or money. The user should not trust any unsolicited calls from unknown people claiming to be from tech support, as they might be trying to install malware, steal data, or charge for fake services. The user should only accept calls from known people, such as their IT department, their service provider, or their software vendor, and verify their identity before logging in to the computer. The user should also report any suspicious calls to the appropriate authorities or organizations.

Disposing of SSDs (Solid State Drives) containing sensitive data requires methods that ensure the data cannot be recovered. SSDs store data on flash memory, which makes traditional data destruction methods like degaussing ineffective, as degaussing relies on demagnetizing the magnetic media found in traditional hard drives.

Incineration: This method ensures the complete destruction of the SSD by burning it at high temperatures. This process is effective as it physically destroys the flash memory chips, making data recovery impossible.

Shredding: Shredding involves physically breaking the SSD into small pieces. Specialized shredding machines designed for electronic media can cut the SSD into pieces small enough to render the data unrecoverable.

Other listed options such as Degaussing (A) is ineffective on SSDs because they don't use magnetic storage. Simple Deletion (B) and Formatting (E) are not secure methods for data destruction as the data can potentially be recovered using specialized software. Recycling (D) is environmentally friendly but does not guarantee data destruction if the drive is not physically destroyed first.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is a wireless security method that supports the majority of current Wi-Fi-capable devices without sacrificing security. It is backward compatible with WPA2 devices and offers enhanced encryption and authentication features. MAC filtering is another wireless security method, but it can be easily bypassed by spoofing MAC addresses. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security methods by themselves. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/wireless-security-standards https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Remote network installation is the best option for configuring a new server that requires a bare-metal installation without installation media on site. A remote network installation is a method of installing an operating system or an application over a network connection, such as LAN, WAN, or Internet. A remote network installation can use various protocols, such as PXE, HTTP, FTP, or SMB, to access the installation files from a server or a cloud service. A remote network installation can also use various tools, such as Windows Deployment Services, Microsoft Deployment Toolkit, or Red Hat Kickstart, to automate and customize the installation process. A remote network installation can save time and resources by eliminating the need for physical media and allowing centralized management of multiple installations. Image deployment, recovery partition installation, and repair installation are not correct answers for this question. Image deployment is a method of installing an operating system or an application by copying a preconfigured image file to a target device. Image deployment requires an existing image file and a compatible device. Recovery partition installation is a method of restoring an operating system or an application from a hidden partition on the hard disk that contains the original factory settings. Recovery partition installation requires an existing recovery partition and a functional hard disk. Repair installation is a method of fixing an operating system or an application that is corrupted or damaged by replacing or repairing the system files without affecting the user data or settings. Repair installation requires an existing operating system or application and a working device. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 16

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 106

Configuring remote wipe allows the device owner or administrator to erase all the data on the device remotely, in case it is lost or stolen. This prevents unauthorized access to confidential data and reduces the risk of data breaches. Installing a VPN, implementing location tracking, and enabling backups are useful features, but they do not directly limit the loss of data if the device is compromised. References: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, Domain 2.0: Security, Objective 2.5: Given a scenario, use methods to secure mobile devices.

Phishing is the correct answer for this question. Phishing is a type of attack that uses fraudulent emails or other messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information or installing malicious software. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate entities or individuals and offer incentives or threats to lure users into clicking on malicious links or attachments. In this scenario, the user received a removable USB device in the mail as a prize, which could be a phishing attempt to infect the user’s computer with malware or gain access to the user’s data. Dumpster diving, tailgating, and evil twin are not correct answers for this question. Dumpster diving is a type of attack that involves searching through trash bins or recycling containers to find discarded documents or devices that contain valuable information. Tailgating is a type of attack that involves following an authorized person into a restricted area without proper identification or authorization. Evil twin is a type of attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one to intercept or manipulate network traffic. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

[CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Certification Study Guide], page 1004

System Restore is a feature that allows the user to revert the system to a previous state. However, this can also restore the malware that was removed by the technician. Disabling System Restore can prevent the operating system from automatically returning to an infected state. Enabling antivirus, educating the user, and enabling System Restore are good preventive measures, but they do not address the question. Disabling antivirus can make the system more vulnerable to malware attacks

Malware is software that infects computer systems to damage, disable or exploit the computer or network for various malicious purposes5. Malware is typically distributed via email attachments, fake internet ads, infected applications or websites, and often relies on user interaction to execute6. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to prevent malware infections is to educate the end user about the common signs and sources of malware, and how to avoid them7. Configuring the firewall, restoring the system from backups, and updating the antivirus program are also important security measures, but they do not address the root cause of the user’s repeated infections, which is likely due to a lack of awareness or caution.

References5: Malware: what it is, how it works, and how to stop it - Norton6: How to Prevent Malware: 15 Best Practices for Malware Prevention7: 10 Security Tips for How to Prevent Malware Infections - Netwrix

A filtration system is critical for data centers because it can control the humidity and temperature levels in the environment. High humidity levels can cause condensation and corrosion on the metal components of the servers and other equipment, leading to malfunction and damage. A filtration system can also prevent dust, dirt, and other contaminants from entering the data center and clogging the machines or causing overheating.

XSS stands for cross-site scripting, which is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web page that is viewed by other users1. XSS involves sending arbitrary characters in a web page request, such as a query string, a form field, a cookie, or a header, that contain a malicious script. The web server does not validate or encode the input, and returns it as part of the web page response. The browser then executes the script, which can perform various actions on behalf of the attacker, such as stealing cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information, redirecting the user to a malicious site, or displaying fake content

The most likely causes of the user’s Windows computer performance degradation and freezing are insufficient RAM and excessive software running in the background. Therefore, the technician should do the following to resolve the issue:

Increase the RAM. RAM is the memory that the computer uses to store and run applications and processes. If the RAM is not enough to handle the workload, the computer will use the hard drive as a virtual memory, which is much slower and can cause performance issues. Increasing the RAM will allow the computer to run more applications and processes smoothly and avoid freezing. The technician should check the system requirements of the applications that the user needs to run, and install additional RAM modules that are compatible with the motherboard and the existing RAM. The technician should also make sure that the system is managing the page file size automatically, or adjust it manually to optimize the virtual memory usage12.

Uninstall unnecessary software. Software that the user does not need or use can take up valuable disk space and system resources, and can interfere with the performance of other applications. Some software may also run in the background or start automatically when the computer boots up, which can slow down the system and cause freezing. The technician should help the user to identify and uninstall unnecessary software from the control panel or the settings app, and disable unnecessary startup programs from the task manager or the system configuration tool. The technician should also check for and remove viruses and malware that may affect the system performance134.

The aspect of forensic evidence life cycle that must be maintained when dealing with a piece of evidence is chain of custody. This is because chain of custody is the documentation of the movement of evidence from the time it is collected to the time it is presented in court, and it is important to maintain the integrity of the evidence

The customer’s web browser is likely infected by a browser hijacker, which is a type of malware that changes the browser’s settings and redirects the user to malicious websites. A browser hijacker can also steal the user’s personal data, display unwanted ads, and install more malware on the device. To remove a browser hijacker, the user should first uninstall the browser from the Control Panel, then scan the device with an antivirus or anti-malware program, and finally install a trusted browser from a legitimate source. Deleting the browser cookies and history, resetting the browser settings, or changing the browser default search engine may not be enough to get rid of the browser hijacker, as it may have embedded itself into the system or other browser components. 

Least privilege is the principle that is used to ensure users have the appropriate level of access to perform their job functions. Least privilege means granting users only the minimum amount of access rights and permissions they need to perform their tasks, and nothing more. Least privilege reduces the risk of unauthorized access, data leakage, malware infection, or accidental damage by limiting what users can do on the system or network. Access control list, multifactor authentication, and mobile device management are not principles, but rather mechanisms or methods that can implement least privilege. Access control list is a list that specifies the users or groups that are allowed or denied access to a resource, such as a file, folder, or printer. Multifactor authentication is a method that requires users to provide two or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity, such as a password, a token, or a biometric factor. Mobile device management is a tool that allows managing and securing mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets, that are used by employees to access corporate data or applications. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

[CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Certification Study Guide], page 1003

NTFS stands for New Technology File System and it is the preferred filesystem for Microsoft Windows OS since Windows NT 3.1 in 19931. NTFS replaced FAT (File Allocation Table) as the default filesystem for Windows because it offers many advantages over FAT, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 16 exabytes)2

Support for file compression, encryption, and permissions2

Support for journaling, which records changes to the filesystem and helps recover from errors2

Support for hard links, symbolic links, and mount points2

Support for long filenames and Unicode characters2

FAT32 is an improved version of FAT that supports larger volumes and files (up to 32 GB and 4 GB respectively) and is compatible with older versions of Windows and other operating systems3. However, FAT32 still has many limitations and drawbacks compared to NTFS, such as:

No support for file compression, encryption, and permissions3

No support for journaling, which makes it vulnerable to corruption and data loss3

No support for hard links, symbolic links, and mount points3

No support for long filenames and Unicode characters3

APFS (Apple File System) is the default filesystem for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS since 20174. APFS replaced HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus) as the preferred filesystem for Apple devices because it offers many advantages over HFS+, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 8 zettabytes)4

Support for file cloning, snapshots, and encryption4

Support for space sharing, which allows multiple volumes to share the same storage pool4

Support for fast directory sizing, which improves performance and efficiency4

ext4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem) is the default filesystem for most Linux distributions since 20085. ext4 replaced ext3 as the preferred filesystem for Linux because it offers many advantages over ext3, such as:

Support for larger volumes and files (up to 1 exabyte and 16 terabytes respectively)5

Support for extents, which reduce fragmentation and improve performance5

Support for journal checksumming, which improves reliability and reduces recovery time5

Support for delayed allocation, which improves efficiency and reduces metadata overhead5

The best way to fix the issue of slow cellular connection in the office is to connect to the company’s Wi-Fi network. This will allow the user’s mobile phone to access the internet through a faster and more reliable wireless network, instead of relying on the cellular network. Connecting to the Wi-Fi network will also save the user’s data usage and battery life.

Some of the factors that can affect the cellular connection speed are the distance from the cell tower, the obstructions between the phone and the tower, the network congestion, the network technology, and the features of the phone12. In the office, the user may experience a weak or unstable cellular signal due to the building structure, the location, or the interference from other devices. Therefore, switching to the Wi-Fi network can improve the performance of the phone’s applications and web browsing.

BitLocker is a Windows security feature that provides encryption for entire volumes, addressing the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned devices1. BitLocker helps mitigate unauthorized data access by enhancing file and system protections, rendering data inaccessible when BitLocker-protected devices are decommissioned or recycled1. Network share, Group Policy, and Static IP are not features that can prevent unauthorized data access if a computer is lost or stolen.

A warning message in the user’s browser stating the site’s certificate cannot be verified indicates that the site may be insecure, fraudulent, or malicious. This could be a sign of a phishing attempt, where the sender of the email tries to trick the user into clicking a link that leads to a fake website that mimics a legitimate one, in order to steal the user’s personal or financial information. The most appropriate action for a technician to take in this situation is to close the browser window and report the email to IT security, who can investigate the source and content of the email, and take the necessary steps to protect the user and the network from potential harm. Clicking proceed could expose the user to malware, identity theft, or data breach. Reporting the employee to the human resources department for violating company policy is unnecessary and harsh, as the user may not have been aware of the phishing attempt or the company policy. Restoring the computer from the last known backup is premature and ineffective, as the user may not have been infected by anything, and the backup may not remove the email or the link from the user’s inbox

devmgmt.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Device Manager, a tool that allows the technician to view and manage the hardware devices and their drivers on the computer1. If the applications are not updating properly, it could be due to outdated, corrupted, or incompatible drivers that prevent the hardware from functioning normally. The technician can use the Device Manager to update, uninstall, rollback, or disable the drivers, as well as scan for hardware changes, troubleshoot problems, and view device properties2.

gpedit.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Group Policy Editor, a tool that allows the technician to configure the local or domain group policy settings for the computer or a group of computers3. Group policy settings can affect the security, performance, and functionality of the system, but they are not directly related to the application updates or the hardware drivers.

perfmon.msc is the MMC snap-in that opens the Performance Monitor, a tool that allows the technician to monitor and analyze the performance of the system and its components, such as processor, memory, disk, network, etc4. Performance Monitor can display real-time data or collect log data for later analysis, as well as generate reports and alerts based on the performance counters5. Performance Monitor can help the technician identify and diagnose performance issues, but it does not provide a way to manage the hardware drivers.

Isolating the machine from the network is the best way to identify the source of the attack, because it prevents the malicious traffic from spreading to other devices or reaching the attacker. Isolating the machine can also help preserve the evidence of the attack, such as the malware files, the network connections, the registry entries, or the system logs. By isolating the machine, a technician can safely analyze the machine and determine the source of the attack, such as a phishing email, a compromised website, a removable media, or a network vulnerability.

A PowerShell script is a plain text file that contains one or more PowerShell commands. Scripts have a .ps1 file extension and can be run on your computer or in a remote session. PowerShell scripts can be used to automate tasks and change settings on Windows devices. To create and run a PowerShell script, you need a text editor (such as Visual Studio Code or Notepad) and the PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) console. You also need to enable the correct execution policy to allow scripts to run on your system

The most effective clarifying question for the help desk technician to ask the user in order to understand the issue is A. What is the error message? This question will help the technician to identify the possible cause and solution of the problem, as the error message will provide specific information about the nature and location of the error, such as the server name, the port number, the protocol, the authentication method, or the network status. The error message will also help the technician to troubleshoot the issue by following the suggested steps or searching for the error code online.

This question is more effective than the other choices because:

B. Does the program work on another computer? is not a very helpful question, as it will not reveal the source of the error or how to fix it. The program may work on another computer for various reasons, such as different network settings, firewall rules, permissions, or software versions. However, this question will not tell the technician what is wrong with the user’s computer or the remote server, or what needs to be changed or updated to make the program work.

C. Did the program ever work? is not a very relevant question, as it will not address the current issue or how to resolve it. The program may have worked in the past, but it may have stopped working due to changes in the network configuration, the server status, the software updates, or the user credentials. However, this question will not tell the technician what has changed or how to restore the program functionality.

D. Is anyone else having this issue? is not a very useful question, as it will not explain the reason or the solution for the error. The issue may affect only the user, or multiple users, depending on the scope and the impact of the error. However, this question will not tell the technician what is causing the error or how to fix it for the user or the others.

Temperature and humidity levels are the most important environmental factors to consider when planning the configuration of a data center, as they directly affect the performance, reliability, and energy efficiency of the IT equipment. Excessive heat or moisture can cause overheating, corrosion, condensation, or static electricity, which can damage the hardware and lead to data loss or service disruption. Therefore, data centers need to monitor and control the temperature and humidity levels within the recommended ranges by using various cooling systems, airflow management, and sensors12.

app files are application bundles that contain all the necessary files and resources for a Mac app. They can be easily deleted by dragging them to the Trash or using Launchpad12. Other file types, such as .exe, .dmg, .rpm, and .pkg, are either not compatible with macOS or require additional steps to uninstall34.

BitLocker is a Windows security feature that provides encryption for entire volumes, addressing the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned devices1. BitLocker is available on supported devices running Windows 10 or 11 Pro, Enterprise, or Education2. Windows 10 Home does not support BitLocker3, and Windows 10 Embedded is designed for specialized devices and does not offer BitLocker as a feature4. Therefore, the most appropriate Windows 10 edition for a single user who wants to encrypt a hard drive with BitLocker is Professional.

References1: BitLocker overview - Windows Security | Microsoft Learn2: Device encryption in Windows - Microsoft Support3: Can You Turn on BitLocker on Windows 10 Home?4: How to enable device encryption on Windows 10 Home

When dealing with a suspected virus infection on an air-gapped computer, after an initial scan with Windows Defender shows no infection, the next steps should include examining the event logs to look for suspicious activity and updating the virus definitions for a more thorough scan. Event logs can provide insights into system changes and potential malicious activities, while updated definitions ensure the antivirus software can detect the latest threats. Connecting to the network or enabling the firewall might not be appropriate due to the risk of spreading the infection, and re-imaging the computer or documenting the findings would be subsequent steps if the initial actions don't resolve the issue.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​​​.

The best option for the technician to demonstrate proper communication techniques and professionalism is to contact the customer if the technician is arriving late. This shows respect for the customer’s time and expectations, and allows the customer to adjust their schedule accordingly. It also helps to maintain a positive relationship and trust between the technician and the customer. The technician should apologize for the delay and provide a realistic estimate of their arrival time. The technician should also thank the customer for their patience and understanding.

The other options are not appropriate or professional. Do not notify the customer if arriving before the customer is not a good practice, as it may cause confusion or frustration for the customer. The customer may have made other plans or arrangements based on the technician’s original schedule, and may not be available or prepared for the service. Dismiss the customer and proceed with the after-hours work is rude and disrespectful, as it ignores the customer’s needs and preferences. The customer may have questions or concerns about the service, or may want to supervise or verify the work. The technician should always communicate with the customer before, during, and after the service. Disclose the experience via social media is unethical and unprofessional, as it may violate the customer’s privacy and the company’s policies. The technician should not share any confidential or sensitive information about the customer or the service on social media, or make any negative or inappropriate comments about the customer or the situation.

A static entry is the best option to restore communication for the new machine in a small branch office that does not have a DHCP server. A static entry means manually configuring the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server for the network adapter of the machine. A static entry ensures that the machine has a valid and unique IP address that matches the network configuration and can communicate with the rest of the network.

The new machine automatically receives the IP address of 169.254.0.2 because it uses APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), which is a feature that enables computers to self-assign an IP address when a DHCP server is not available. However, APIPA only works for local communication within the same subnet, and does not provide a default gateway or a DNS server. Therefore, the new machine is unable to communicate with the rest of the network, which may be on a different subnet or require a gateway or a DNS server to access.

The other options are not related to restoring communication for the new machine. ARP table is a cache that stores the mapping between IP addresses and MAC addresses for the devices on the network. NTP specification is a protocol that synchronizes the clocks of the devices on the network.

PowerShell is a scripting language that can interact with Active Directory and other Windows components. It has a built-in cmdlet called New-ADUser that can create user accounts in Active Directory. PowerShell can also use the Active Directory module to access other AD-related functions and attributes. Other languages, such as Bash, SQL, and PHP, are not designed for creating Active Directory accounts and would require additional tools or libraries to do so.

Remotely wiping the device is the best option to prevent unauthorized access to the company data stored on the phone. A low-level format, degaussing, or providing the GPS location of the device are not feasible or effective actions to take in this scenario.

A technician needs to reimage a desktop in an area without network access, which means that the technician cannot use network-based methods such as PXE or SMB to deploy the image. Therefore, the technician should use offline methods that involve removable media such as USB or optical media. USB and optical media are common ways to store and transfer system images, and they can be used to boot the desktop and initiate the reimaging process. The technician will need to create a bootable USB or optical media that contains the system image and the imaging software, and then insert it into the desktop and change the boot order in the BIOS or UEFI settings. The technician can then follow the instructions on the screen to reimage the desktop

Setting the connection to be metered is the best solution for limiting the amount of cellular data a user’s Windows 10 tablet can utilize when traveling. A metered connection is a network connection that has a data limit or charges fees based on the amount of data used. Windows 10 allows users to set any network connection as metered, which reduces the amount of data that Windows and some apps use in the background. For example, setting a connection as metered will prevent Windows from downloading updates automatically, stop some apps from syncing data online, and disable some live tiles on the Start menu. Setting a connection as metered can help users save cellular data and avoid extra charges when traveling. Turning on airplane mode, configuring the device to use a static IP address, and enabling the Windows Defender Firewall are not effective solutions for limiting the amount of cellular data a user’s Windows 10 tablet can utilize when traveling. Turning on airplane mode will disable all wireless connections on the device, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular data. This will prevent the user from accessing any online services or applications on the tablet. Configuring the device to use a static IP address will assign a fixed IP address to the device instead of obtaining one dynamically from a DHCP server. This will not affect the amount of cellular data the device uses, and it may cause IP conflicts or connectivity issues on some networks. Enabling the Windows Defender Firewall will block or allow incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined or custom rules. This will not reduce the amount of cellular data the device uses, and it may interfere with some apps or services that require network access. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 19

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 108

The first step in troubleshooting a hardware issue is to identify the hardware device that is causing the problem. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware can help the help desk technician to find the specifications, manuals, drivers, and other relevant information for the device. This can also help the technician to determine if the device is compatible with the user’s system, if it has any known issues or defects, and if it is covered by warranty or support contract. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware is a help desk best practice that can save time and effort in resolving the issue

Rebooting the smartphone is the first and simplest step to resolve the issue of frequent crashes and unresponsiveness. Rebooting clears the memory, closes the background apps, and refreshes the system. It can also fix minor glitches and bugs that may cause the calendar app or the smartphone to malfunction12. The other options are either too drastic or unnecessary. Reinstalling the application may not solve the problem if the issue is with the smartphone itself. Updating the smartphone’s OS may not be possible or helpful if the device is unresponsive or incompatible. Resetting the smartphone to factory settings will erase all the data and settings on the device, which should be the last resort.

 Chain of custody and data integrity are two options that should most likely be considered when preserving data from a hard drive for forensic analysis. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who has access to the data and how it is handled, stored, and transferred. Data integrity refers to the assurance that the data has not been altered, corrupted, or tampered with during the preservation process

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows a technician to simultaneously view and control a user’s screen remotely. VNC uses a server-client model, where the user’s computer runs a VNC server and the technician’s computer runs a VNC client. VNC can work across different platforms and operating systems3. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s command-line interface remotely, but not their graphical user interface. VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but does not allow screen sharing. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s desktop remotely, but not simultaneously with the user.

Quarantining the infected system is the most appropriate way to remediate the issue of an infection that the antivirus software cannot remove. Quarantining means isolating the system from the network and other devices to prevent the infection from spreading or causing further damage. Quarantining also allows the technician to perform further analysis and removal of the infection without risking the security of other systems or data.

Some of the steps involved in quarantining an infected system are:

Disconnect the system from the internet and any local network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or USB.

Disable any file-sharing or remote access services on the system, such as Windows File Sharing, Remote Desktop, or TeamViewer.

Use a separate device to download and update the antivirus software and any other tools that may be needed to remove the infection, such as malware scanners, rootkit removers, or bootable rescue disks.

Transfer the updated antivirus software and tools to the infected system using a removable media, such as a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive. Scan the removable media for any infections before and after using it on the infected system.

Run the antivirus software and tools on the infected system and follow the instructions to delete or quarantine the infection. If the infection is persistent or complex, it may require booting the system from a rescue disk or using a Linux live disc to access and clean the system files.

After the infection is removed, restore the system to a previous clean state using System Restore, backup, or recovery partition. Scan the system again to ensure that it is clean and secure. Reconnect the system to the network and update the system and the antivirus software.

The tool that the technician will most likely use to remotely connect to a Linux desktop is VNC. VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a graphical desktop environment over a network. VNC is natively designed for Linux and can also support other operating systems, such as Windows and Mac OS. VNC can be used to assist users with troubleshooting by viewing and interacting with their desktops remotely. MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication and is a method of verifying identity using two or more factors, such as something you know, something you have or something you are. MFA is not a tool that can be used to remotely connect to a Linux desktop but a technique that can be used to enhance security for systems or services. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance and is a feature that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. MSRA is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. RDP is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN allows remote employees to access the corporate intranet as if they were physically connected to the local network3. Password-protected Wi-Fi is a security measure for wireless networks that does not provide access to the corporate intranet. Port forwarding is a technique that allows external devices to access services on a private network through a router, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet. A perimeter network is a network segment that lies between an internal network and an external network, such as the internet, and provides an additional layer of security, but does not provide access to the corporate intranet.

The user can change the wallpaper using a Windows 10 Settings tool by following these steps12:

Open Settings by pressing the Windows key and typing Settings, or by clicking the gear icon in the Start menu.

Select Personalization from the left navigation menu.

On the right side of the window, click Background.

In the Background settings, click the drop-down menu and select Picture as the background type.

Click Browse and then locate and open the image the user wants to use as the wallpaper.

The other options are incorrect because they do not lead to the Background settings or they do not allow the user to browse for an image. Accounts, System, and Apps are not related to personalization settings. Your info, Display, and Apps & features are not related to wallpaper settings.

 Badge reader and motion sensor are devices that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building. A badge reader is a device that scans and verifies an identification card or tag that grants access to authorized personnel only. A badge reader can help prevent unauthorized entry or intrusion into a building or a restricted area. A motion sensor is a device that detects movement and triggers an alarm or an action when motion is detected. A motion sensor can help deter or alert potential intruders or trespassers in a building or an area. Multifactor authentication is a method of verifying identity using two or more factors, such as something you know, something you have or something you are. Multifactor authentication is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but a technique that can be used to enhance logical security for systems or services. Personal identification number is a numeric code that can be used as part of authentication or access control. Personal identification number is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but an example of something you know factor in multifactor authentication. Firewall is a device or software that filters network traffic based on rules and policies. Firewall is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but a device that can be used to enhance network security for systems or services. Soft token is an application or software that generates one-time passwords or codes for authentication purposes. Soft token is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but an example of something you have factor in multifactor authentication. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

Flashing the BIOS, reformatting the drive, and then reinstalling the OS is the best method for returning a computer with a malware infection to service. Flashing the BIOS updates the firmware of the motherboard and can remove any malware that may have infected it. Reformatting the drive erases all data on it and can remove any malware that may have infected it. Reinstalling the OS restores the system files and settings to their original state and can remove any malware that may have modified them. Scanning the system with a Linux live disc may not detect or remove all malware infections. Degaussing the hard drive is an extreme method of destroying data that may damage the drive beyond repair. Reinstalling the OS before flashing the BIOS or scanning with antivirus may not remove malware infections that persist in the BIOS or other files.

The user is experiencing a system error that prevents them from using the Testing program. The error message indicates that the file MSVCP100.dll is missing from the computer. This file is part of the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package, which is required by some applications to run properly. The error may have occurred due to a corrupted or incomplete software deployment.

To resolve this issue, the user needs to restore the missing file and register it in the system. One possible way to do this is to copy the file from another computer that has the Testing program installed and working, and then use the regsvr32 command to register it. The steps are as follows:

On another computer (User-PC02) that has the Testing program installed and working, locate the file MSVCP100.dll in the folder C:\Program Files\Testing.

Share the folder C:\Windows\System32 on User-PC02 by right-clicking on it, selecting Properties, then Sharing, then Advanced Sharing, then checking Share this folder, then clicking OK.

On the user’s computer (User-PC01), open a command prompt as an administrator by clicking Start, typing cmd, right-clicking on Command Prompt, and selecting Run as administrator.

In the command prompt, type the following command to copy the file MSVCP100.dll from User-PC02 to User-PC01: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"

After the file is copied, type the following command to register it in the system: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll

Restart the user’s computer and try to run the Testing program again.

Therefore, based on the instructions given by the user, the correct answers are:

Select Event Viewer Issue: 2187

Select First Command: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"

Select Second Command: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll

RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service and it is a protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access. RADIUS can be used to implement a method of wireless security that requires both a user and the user’s computer to be in specific managed groups on the server in order to connect to Wi-Fi. This is also known as 802.1X authentication or EAP-TLS authentication

When a homeowner moves and sets up a new router for the new ISP it is important to take appropriate security measures to protect their network from potential security threats. The FIRST step that the homeowner should take after installation of all relevant cabling and hardware is to change the default passwords on new network devices.

Most modern routers come with default usernames and passwords that are widely known to potential attackers. If these defaults are not changed, it could make it easier for external attackers to gain unauthorized access to the network. Changing the passwords on new network devices is a simple but effective way to improve the security posture of the network.

User Accounts is a Control Panel utility that allows the technician to manage user accounts and groups on a workstation1. The technician can use User Accounts to grant local administrative access to a user by adding the user to the Administrators group1. The Administrators group has full control over the workstation and can perform tasks such as installing software, changing system settings, and accessing all files.

The first thing that the specialist should do to protect the company’s data on an insecure network with open authentication is to connect to the vendor’s network using a VPN. A VPN stands for Virtual Private Network and is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public or untrusted network. A VPN can protect the company’s data by preventing eavesdropping, interception or modification of the network traffic by unauthorized parties. A VPN can also provide access to the company’s internal network and resources remotely. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway may not be necessary or possible if the vendor’s network uses DHCP to assign network configuration parameters automatically. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Changing the network location to private may not be advisable or effective if the vendor’s network is a public or untrusted network. Changing the network location to private does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Configuring MFA on the network may not be feasible or sufficient if the vendor’s network has open authentication and does not support or require MFA. Configuring MFA on the network does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

The technician should adjust the firewall settings to resolve the issue of not being able to access an internal site at https://companyintranet.com:8888. The firewall settings control how the firewall filters and allows network traffic based on rules and policies. The firewall settings may be blocking or preventing the access to the internal site by mistake or by default, especially if the site uses a non-standard port number such as 8888. The technician should check and modify the firewall settings to allow the access to the internal site or its port number. Default gateway settings determine how a computer connects to other networks or the internet. Default gateway settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access the public internet. DHCP settings determine how a computer obtains its IP address and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. DHCP settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. IP address settings determine how a computer identifies itself and communicates with other devices on a network. IP address settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. Antivirus settings control how the antivirus software scans and protects the computer from malware and threats. Antivirus settings are less likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site than firewall settings, unless the antivirus software has its own firewall feature that may interfere with the network traffic. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

The software is most likely to install by default in the /Applications directory, which is the standard location for macOS applications. This directory can be accessed from the Finder sidebar or by choosing Go > Applications from the menu bar. The /Applications directory contains all the applications that are available to all users on the system1. Some applications might also offer the option to install in the ~/Applications directory, which is a personal applications folder for a single user2. The /etc/services directory is a system configuration file that maps service names to port numbers and protocols3. The /usr/bin directory is a system directory that contains executable binaries for various commands and utilities4. The C:\Program Files directory is a Windows directory that does not exist on macOS.

The technician would most likely use Settings > Accounts > Family and Other Users to add an individual as a local administrator on a Windows home PC. Settings > Accounts > Family and Other Users allows users to add and manage other user accounts on their Windows PC. The technician can add an individual as a local administrator by selecting Add someone else to this PC under Other users and following the steps to create a new user account with administrator privileges. Settings > Personalization allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. Settings > Personalization is not related to adding an individual as a local administrator on a Windows home PC but to configuring desktop settings and preferences. Control Panel > Credential Manager allows users to view and manage their web credentials and Windows credentials stored on their Windows PC. Control Panel > Credential Manager is not related to adding

The best sign-on option that would allow any employee the ability to unlock the kiosk that relies exclusively on a numeric keypad is to use a PIN and provide it to employees. A PIN is a Personal Identification Number that is a numeric code that can be used as part of authentication or access control. A PIN can be entered using only a numeric keypad and can be easily shared with employees who need to unlock the kiosk. Requiring employees to enter their usernames and passwords may not be feasible or convenient if the kiosk only has a numeric keypad and no other input devices. Setting up facial recognition for each employee may not be possible or secure if the kiosk does not have a camera or biometric sensor. Requiring employees to use their fingerprints may not be possible or secure if the kiosk does not have a fingerprint scanner or biometric sensor. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

The Windows 10 desktop has Windows 10 Home installed, which does not support RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) as a host. Only Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions can act as RDP hosts and allow remote access to their desktops1. The Windows 10 desktop does not have DHCP configured, is connected via Wi-Fi, or is hibernating are not likely to prevent the RDP connection if the technician is able to ping the computer successfully.

Resetting the network adapter is the best way to apply the changes made to the hosts file on a few PCs. The hosts file is a text file that maps hostnames to IP addresses and can be used to block certain domains by redirecting them to invalid or local addresses. Resetting the network adapter will clear the DNS cache and force the PC to use the new entries in the hosts file. 

 Windows Home is the most likely edition of Windows installed on the machines that do not have the domain join option. Windows Home is a consumer-oriented edition that does not support joining a domain or using Group Policy. Only Windows Professional, Education, and Enterprise editions can join a domain

When a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) appears on a Windows workstation, it indicates that there is a serious problem with the operating system. The stop code displayed on the BSOD can provide valuable information to help determine the cause of the issue. The stop code is a specific error code that is associated with the BSOD, and it can help identify the root cause of the problem.

In this scenario, the user has encountered a BSOD and has restarted the PC, only to see the BSOD reappear. This suggests that the problem is persistent and requires further investigation. By analyzing the stop code displayed on the BSOD, a technician can begin to identify the underlying issue and take appropriate actions to resolve it.

Resource Monitor will help a technician identify the issue when a user reports a computer is running slow1

Open Settings, select System, select Display, and change the Scale and layout setting to a higher percentage123

The best ways to limit the bank’s risk are to enable multifactor authentication for each support account and enforce account lockouts after five bad password attempts. Multifactor authentication adds an extra layer of security to the login process, making it more difficult for attackers to gain access to systems. Account lockouts after five bad password attempts can help to prevent brute force attacks by locking out accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts.

Content filtering is a process that manages or screens access to specific emails or webpages based on their content categories1. Content filtering can be used by organizations to control content access through their firewalls and enforce corporate policies around information system management2. A SOHO client may have content filtering enabled on their network and may need to adjust it to allow access to a corporate website that is blocked by default. The client can use a software program, a hardware device, or a subscription service to configure the content filtering settings and whitelist the desired website2.

A database system is a software application that allows storing, organizing, and managing data in a structured way. A database system can be used to register all employee badges and associated computer IDs by creating a table or a record for each employee that contains their badge number, computer ID, name, and other relevant information. A database system can also facilitate searching, updating, and deleting data as needed. Software management is a general term that refers to the process of planning, developing, testing, deploying, and maintaining software applications. It does not directly address the issue of registering employee badges and computer IDs. Active Directory description is a field in Active Directory that can be used to store additional information about an object, such as a user or a computer. It is not a software application that can be used to register employee badges and computer IDs by itself. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing model that provides servers, storage, networking, and software over the internet. It does not directly address the issue of registering employee badges and computer IDs either.

https://www.idcreator.com/

https://www.alphacard.com/photo-id-systems/card-type/employee-badges

Chromium is an operating system that only has a web browser interface. Chromium is an open-source project that provides the source code and framework for Chrome OS, which is a Linux-based operating system developed by Google. Chromium and Chrome OS are designed to run web applications and cloud services through the Chrome web browser, which is the only user interface available on the system. Chromium and Chrome OS are mainly used on devices such as Chromebooks, Chromeboxes and Chromebits. Linux is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Linux is an open-source and customizable operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Linux can also support different web browsers, such as Firefox, Opera and Chromium. Microsoft Windows is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a command-line interface. Microsoft Windows is a proprietary and popular operating system that can run various applications and services on different devices and platforms. Microsoft Windows can also support different web browsers, such as Edge, Internet Explorer and Chrome. iOS is an operating system that does not only have a web browser interface but also a graphical user interface and a voice-based interface. iOS is a proprietary and mobile operating system developed by Apple that can run various applications and services on devices such as iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. iOS can also support different web browsers, such as Safari, Firefox and Chrome. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, and it is a feature that allows a technician to remotely view and control another user’s Windows PC with their permission. MSRA is built-in to Windows and does not require any additional software installation. To use MSRA, the technician and the user need to follow these steps:

On the user’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Invite someone to connect to your PC and help you, or offer to help someone else.

Select Save this invitation as a file and choose a location to save the file. This file contains a password that the technician will need to connect to the user’s PC.

Send the file and the password to the technician via email or another secure method.

On the technician’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Help someone who has invited you.

Select Use an invitation file and browse to the location where the file from the user is saved. Enter the password when prompted.

The user will see a message asking if they want to allow the technician to connect to their PC. The user should select Yes.

The technician will see the user’s desktop and can request control of their PC by clicking Request control on the top bar. The user should allow this request by clicking Yes.

The technician can now view and control the user’s PC and assist them with installing software.

Group Policy is the most likely tool to be used to change the security settings on a user’s device in a domain environment. Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to manage and configure settings for multiple devices and users in a centralized way. Group Policy can be used to enforce security policies such as password complexity, account lockout, firewall rules, encryption settings, etc.

Keychain is a feature of macOS that securely stores passwords, account numbers, and other confidential information for your Mac, apps, servers, and websites1. You can use the Keychain Access app on your Mac to view and manage your keychains and the items stored in them1. Keychain can also sync your passwords and other secure information across your devices using iCloud Keychain1. Keychain can be used as a password manager in macOS to help you keep track of and protect your passwords.

A. Device drivers23: Device drivers are software components that enable the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. Different devices may require different drivers, so the desktop engineer should include the appropriate drivers in the master image or configure the deployment process to install them automatically.

C. Installed application license keys2: Installed application license keys are codes that activate or authenticate software applications. Some applications may require license keys to be entered during installation or after deployment. The desktop engineer should include the license keys in the master image or configure the deployment process to apply them automatically.

Operating system updates can sometimes cause compatibility issues with some applications, such as Outlook, that may prevent them from opening or working properly. This can happen if the update changes some system files or settings that Outlook relies on, or if the update conflicts with some Outlook add-ins or extensions. To fix this, the technician can try some of these troubleshooting steps:

Start Outlook in safe mode and disable add-ins. Safe mode is a way of starting Outlook without any add-ins or extensions that may interfere with its functionality. To start Outlook in safe mode, press and hold the Ctrl key while clicking on the Outlook icon. You should see a message asking if you want to start Outlook in safe mode. Click Yes. If Outlook works fine in safe mode, it means one of the add-ins is causing the problem. To disable add-ins, go to File > Options > Add-ins. In the Manage drop-down list, select COM Add-ins and click Go. Uncheck any add-ins that you don’t need and click OK. Restart Outlook normally and check if the issue is resolved4.

Create a new Outlook profile. A profile is a set of settings and information that Outlook uses to manage your email accounts and data. Sometimes, a profile can get corrupted or damaged and cause Outlook to malfunction. To create a new profile, go to Control Panel > Mail > Show Profiles. Click Add and follow the instructions to set up a new profile with your email account. Make sure to select the option to use the new profile as the default one. Restart Outlook and check if the issue is resolved5.

Repair your Outlook data files. Data files are files that store your email messages, contacts, calendar events, and other items on your computer. Sometimes, data files can get corrupted or damaged and cause Outlook to malfunction. To repair your data files, you can use a tool called scanpst.exe, which is located in the same folder where Outlook is installed (usually C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\Office16). To use scanpst.exe, close Outlook and locate the tool in the folder. Double-click on it and browse to the location of your data file (usually C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook). Select the file and click Start to begin the scanning and repairing process. When it’s done, restart Outlook and check if the issue is resolved.

Run the /resetnavpane command. The navigation pane is the panel on the left side of Outlook that shows your folders and accounts. Sometimes, the navigation pane can get corrupted or damaged and cause Outlook to malfunction. To reset the navigation pane, press Windows key + R to open the Run dialog box, or open the Command Prompt. Type outlook.exe /resetnavpane and hit Enter. This will clear and regenerate the navigation pane settings for Outlook. Restart Outlook and check if the issue is resolved.

A. Disable the SSID broadcast1: The SSID broadcast is a feature that allows a Wi-Fi network to be visible to nearby devices. Disabling the SSID broadcast can make the network harder to find by unauthorized users, but it does not prevent them from accessing it if they know the network name and password.

 The best action to protect against unauthorized access of the data on the lost company tablet is to perform a remote wipe on the device. A remote wipe is a feature that allows an administrator or a user to erase all the data and settings on a device remotely, usually through a web portal or an email command. A remote wipe can help prevent the data from being accessed or compromised by anyone who finds or steals the device. Changing the office’s Wi-Fi SSID and password may prevent the device from connecting to the office network but may not prevent the data from being accessed locally or through other networks. Changing the user’s password may prevent the device from logging in to the user’s account but may not prevent the data from being accessed by other means or accounts. Enabling remote drive encryption may protect the data from being read by unauthorized parties but may not be possible if the device is already lost or turned off. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.1

System is the Control Panel utility that should be used to change the Path Environment Variable. The Path Environment Variable is a system variable that specifies the directories where executable files are located. To edit the Path Environment Variable, the technician should go to System > Advanced system settings > Environment Variables and then select Path from the list of system variables and click Edit.

 Samba is a software suite that allows Linux servers and desktops to integrate with Windows Active Directory environments. Samba can act as a domain controller, a file server, a print server, or a client for Windows networks. Samba can also provide authentication and authorization services for Linux users and devices using Active Directory.

 The user can most likely make the change of extending the display to a second monitor in the System option in the Windows settings. The System option allows users to manage system settings and features, such as display, sound, notifications, power and storage. The user can extend the display to a second monitor by selecting Display from the System option and then choosing Extend these displays from the Multiple displays drop-down menu. This will allow the user to use both monitors as one large desktop area. Devices is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to add and manage devices connected to the computer, such as printers, scanners, mice and keyboards. Devices is not related to extending the display to a second monitor but to configuring device settings and preferences. Personalization is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. 

MDM stands for mobile device management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and security of mobile devices. MDM can help a company reduce data disclosure caused by malware that may infect these devices by enforcing security policies, such as encryption, password protection, antivirus software, and remote wipe. MDM can also monitor and control the access of personal devices to corporate data and networks. UAC stands for user account control, which is a feature of Windows that prompts users for permission or an administrator password before making changes that affect the system. UAC may not be effective in preventing malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. LDAP stands for lightweight directory access protocol, which is a protocol for accessing and managing information stored in a directory service, such as user names and passwords. LDAP does not directly address the issue of malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices. SSO stands for single sign-on, which is a feature that allows users to access multiple applications or services with one set of credentials. SSO may not prevent malware infection or data disclosure on personal devices, and may even increase the risk if the credentials are compromised. 

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/03/mobile-device-security-bring-your-own-device-byod-draft-sp-1800-22

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/difference-32-bit-64-bit-windows/

 After upgrading from a 32-bit Windows OS to a 64-bit OS, the company will be able to fully take advantage of the RAM of the computer. This is because a 64-bit operating system is able to use larger amounts of RAM compared to a 32-bit operating system, which may benefit the system’s overall performance if it has more than 4GB of RAM installed 

Risk analysis is used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation. Risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing potential risks that may affect a project or an activity. Risk analysis can help determine the likelihood and impact of various issues that may arise during a change implementation, such as technical errors, compatibility problems, security breaches, performance degradation or user dissatisfaction. Risk analysis can also help plan and prepare for mitigating or avoiding these issues. Scope change is a modification of the original goals, requirements or deliverables of a project or an activity. Scope change is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to reflect changes in expectations or needs of the stakeholders. End-user acceptance is a measure of how well the users are satisfied with and adopt a new system or service. End-user acceptance is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the change. Rollback plan is a contingency plan that describes how to restore a system or service to its previous state in case of a failed or problematic change implementation. Rollback plan is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to recover from them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

change management process can help ensure that owners are notified of changes being made and can monitor them for performance impact (A). This can help prevent unexpected issues from arising.

TACACS+ is a proprietary Cisco AAA protocol

The technician should escalate the ticket to ensure that the CEO’s device is returned as soon as possible1

Windows 10 Enterprise is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for large organizations that need advanced security and management features. Windows 10 Enterprise can be activated using different methods, such as Multiple Activation Key (MAK), Active Directory-based Activation (ADBA), or Key Management Service (KMS)1. KMS is a method of activation that uses a local server to activate multiple devices on a network. KMS activations are valid for 180 days and need to be renewed periodically by connecting to the KMS server2. If a device does not renew its activation within 180 days, it will enter a grace period of 30 days, after which it will display a warning message and lose some functionality until it is reactivated3. The other editions of Windows 10 do not require reactivation every 180 days. Windows 10 Pro for Workstation is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for high-performance devices that need advanced features such as ReFS file system, persistent memory, and faster file sharing. Windows 10 Pro for Workstation can be activated using a digital license or a product key. Windows 10 Home is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for personal or home use. Windows 10 Home can be activated using a digital license or a product key. Windows 10 Pro is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for business or professional use. Windows 10 Pro can be activated using a digital license or a product key. None of these editions require reactivation every 180 days unless there are significant hardware changes or other issues that affect the activation status.

4. Chrome OS. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrome_OS 5. What is Chrome OS? Retrieved from https://www.google.com/chromebook/chrome-os/

A netbook with a web-based, proprietary operating system is most likely running Chrome OS. Chrome OS is a web-based operating system developed by Google that is designed to work with web applications and cloud storage. It is optimized for netbooks and other low-power devices and is designed to be fast, secure, and easy to use.

The most likely reason for the antivirus protection on a company laptop being out of date is failed OS updates1. Antivirus software relies on the operating system to function properly. If the operating system is not up-to-date, the antivirus software may not function properly and may not be able to receive the latest virus definitions and updates2. Therefore, it is important to keep the operating system up-to-date to ensure the antivirus software is functioning properly2.

Changing channels can best resolve interference from other nearby SSIDs. Wireless networks operate on different channels, and changing the channel can help to avoid interference from other nearby networks.

 An evil twin is a type of social-engineering attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one. The attacker can then intercept or modify the traffic of the users who connect to the fake SSID. The attacker may also use phishing or malware to steal credentials or personal information from the users

Disk encryption should be used to secure the workstation in case of theft. Disk encryption can help to protect data on the hard drive by encrypting it so that it cannot be accessed without the correct encryption key.

 BitLocker is only available on Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions1. Therefore, the technician is unable to find the BitLocker Drive Encryption menu item in Control Panel because it is not included in the Windows 10 Home edition1.

The Linux command used to install an application is sudo. The sudo command allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, such as the root user. This is necessary to install applications because it requires administrative privileges1

The technician can close unnecessary applications and turn on autorotation to resolve these issues with minimal impact. Autorotation can help the device to switch between portrait and landscape modes automatically. Closing unnecessary applications can help to free up the device’s memory and reduce the device’s temperature1

This is the most effective way to selectively prevent programs from loading on a Windows 10 machine. The Startup tab can be accessed by opening Task Manager and then selecting the Startup tab. From there, the technician can methodically disable items that are currently listed as enabled, reboot the machine, and check for issue resolution at each startup. If the issue persists, the technician can then move on to disabling the next item on the list.

The technician should guide the user to update Windows through the built-in "Check for Updates" feature. This can be done by having the user click in the Search field, type "Check for Updates", and then press the Enter key. This will bring up the Windows Update function, which will search for any available updates and give the user the option to install them.

The process of documenting who had possession of evidence at every step of the process is called chain of custody

The technician should use DHCP reservation to maintain the same IP address for the server at all times. DHCP reservation allows the server to obtain an IP address dynamically from the DHCP server, while ensuring that the same IP address is assigned to the server each time it requests an IP address.

AUP (Acceptable Use Policy) should be updated to reflect this new requirement. The AUP is a document that outlines the acceptable use of technology within an organization. It is a set of rules that employees must follow when using company resources. The AUP should be updated to include a policy on cryptocurrency mining on work desktops

To exclude an application folder from being cataloged by a Windows 10 search, the technician should use the Indexing Options utility1

The technician should provide the user with a unique ticket number that can be referenced on subsequent calls to make sure the ticket is associated with the correct user. This is because registering the ticket with a unique user identifier, having the user provide a callback phone number to be added to the ticket, or assigning the ticket to the department’s power user will not ensure that the ticket is associated with the correct user2.

The feature that BEST addresses the user’s concern is remote wipe. This is because remote wipe allows the user to erase all data on the mobile device if it is lost or stolen, which will prevent unauthorized access to the device1.

To best resolve this issue, the executive should set AirDrop so that transfers are only accepted from known contacts (option A). AirDrop is a feature on iOS devices that allows users to share files, photos, and other data between Apple devices. By setting AirDrop so that it only accepts transfers from known contacts, the executive can ensure that unwanted files and photos are not sent to their device. Additionally, the executive should ensure that the AirDrop setting is only enabled when it is necessary, as this will protect their device from any unwanted files and photos.

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. In this scenario, the user is concerned about an installed application transmitting data in the background, so a firewall would be the best solution to address their concern. By installing and configuring a firewall, the user can block unauthorized connections to and from the device, and receive alerts whenever an application tries to access the internet.

Navigate to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Accounts submenu, select Sign in options, select Windows Hello Fingerprint, and have the user place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint can be set up by navigating to the Windows 10 Settings menu, selecting the Accounts submenu, selecting Sign in options, and then selecting Windows Hello Fingerprint. The user will then be asked to place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates that setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint allows the user to log into the laptop using just their fingerprint, providing an additional layer of security.

Screen-sharing software is a tool that allows a technician to remotely view and control a user’s screen over the internet. It can be used to troubleshoot issues with accessing an online share, as well as other problems that require visual inspection or guidance. Secure shell (SSH) is a protocol that allows remote access and command execution on another device, but it does not allow screen-sharing. Virtual private network (VPN) is a protocol that creates a secure tunnel between two devices over the internet, but it does not allow remote troubleshooting. File transfer software is a tool that allows transferring files between two devices over the internet, but it does not allow screen-sharing. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-screen-sharing-software https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Removing the user-installed antivirus software program is the best way to resolve the issue of extremely slow performance caused by installing additional real-time protection antivirus software on a PC. Having more than one antivirus software program running at the same time can cause conflicts, resource consumption and performance degradation. Uninstalling one antivirus software program and installing a different one, activating real-time protection on both antivirus software programs, enabling the quarantine feature on both antivirus software programs and launching Windows Update are not effective ways to resolve the issue. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/why-you-shouldnt-run-multiple-antivirus-programs-at-the-same-time https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

certmgr.msc is a tool that can be used to troubleshoot issues with PKI (public key infrastructure) on a Windows machine. It allows a system administrator to view, manage and import certificates, as well as check their validity, expiration and revocation status. msconfig.exe, lusrmgr.msc and perfmon.msc are other tools that can be used for different purposes on a Windows machine, but they are not related to PKI. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-certmgr-msc https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Sandbox testing is a method of identifying potential issues with a proposed change prior to implementation. It involves creating a simulated or isolated environment that mimics the real system and applying the change to it. This can help to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Request form, rollback plan and end-user acceptance are other components of a change management process, but they do not involve identifying issues with a change. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-sandbox-testing https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A recovery key is a code that can be used to unlock a BitLocker-encrypted drive when the normal authentication methods (such as password or PIN) are not available or have been forgotten. BitLocker is a feature of Windows that encrypts the entire drive to protect data from unauthorized access. If a technician is trying to repair a Windows 10 OS that has BitLocker enabled, they will need the recovery key to access the drive and continue the OS repair. SSL key, preshared key, and WPA2 key are not keys that are related to BitLocker or OS repair.

The best way for a technician to return the device to service safely is to reinstall the operating system. This is because the device is infected by ransomware, which is a form of malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption. Reinstalling the operating system will erase the ransomware and restore the device to its original state. However, this will also delete any data that was not backed up before the infection. Therefore, it is important to have regular backups of critical data and protect them from ransomware attacks1.

The other options are not effective or safe for ransomware recovery. Running an AV scan may not detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant. Installing a software firewall may prevent future attacks, but it will not help with the current infection. Performing a system restore may not work if the ransomware has corrupted or deleted the restore points. Complying with the on-screen instructions is not advisable, as it will encourage the attackers and there is no guarantee that they will provide the decryption key after receiving the payment.

To prevent and recover from ransomware attacks, it is recommended to follow some best practices, such as234:

Use strong passwords and multifactor authentication for all accounts and devices.

Keep all software and firmware updated with the latest security patches.

Avoid opening suspicious or unsolicited emails and attachments.

Educate users and staff on how to recognize and report phishing and social engineering attempts.

Use antivirus software and enable real-time protection.

Enable network segmentation and firewall rules to limit the spread of ransomware.

Implement a Zero Trust security model to verify all requests and devices before granting access.

Create and test backups of critical data and store them offline or in a separate network.

Recover safely by isolating the infected devices, identifying the ransomware variant, and restoring data from backups.

Report any ransomware incidents to law enforcement agencies and seek help from experts.

The pwd command, which stands for "print working directory," is used in Linux and Unix-like operating systems to display the current directory in which the user is operating. This command outputs the full pathname of the current working directory, helping users to understand their current location in the filesystem hierarchy.

pwd: When executed, it provides the absolute path of the directory you're currently in, which is useful for navigation and scripting purposes.

Other options listed:

dig: This command is used for querying DNS name servers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, name servers, and related information.

find: This command is used to search for files in a directory hierarchy based on specified criteria (such as name, modification date, size, etc.).

cat: Short for "concatenate," this command is used to read the contents of files and output them to the terminal.

To locate a missing file with only a partial name known, the best tools to use in a Linux environment would be grep and find.

grep: This command is used to search the contents of files for a specific pattern. While grep itself might not be the first choice for finding file names, it can be combined with other commands (like ls or find) to search within file lists or contents.

find: This command is used to search for files in a directory hierarchy based on various criteria like name, size, modification date, etc. find can be used to search for files by partial name by using wildcards in the search pattern.

cat (A) is used to concatenate and display the content of files. df (B) displays the amount of disk space used and available on filesystems. ps (D) shows information about active processes. dig (E) is used for querying DNS name servers. top (G) displays Linux tasks and system performance information. None of these tools are directly suited for finding files by partial names.

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

Host 2 and Media Server put them to Quarantine.

When a WAP (Wireless Access Point) mesh network is experiencing a higher than anticipated amount of traffic, leading to degraded network service, upgrading the network to a more advanced wireless standard can help alleviate the problem. The 802.11n specification, also known as Wireless-N, offers significant improvements over earlier standards like 802.11b/g in terms of speed, range, and reliability. It allows for increased data throughput and better coverage, which can support a higher number of wireless users effectively.

Upgrading to 802.11n: This involves replacing existing WAPs with those that support the 802.11n standard or higher. The upgrade can result in improved network performance by accommodating more wireless connections with higher data rates, reducing congestion and improving overall network efficiency.

Replacing non-mobile users' laptops with wired desktop systems (A) could reduce wireless traffic but may not be feasible or desirable for all users. Increasing the wireless network adapter metric (B) would affect route priority but not overall network capacity. Adding wireless repeaters (C) can extend the range but might also introduce additional latency and does not necessarily increase the network's capacity to handle more users efficiently.

Improving password security is crucial to protect user accounts from unauthorized access. Requiring passwords to include four character types—uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters—significantly enhances password complexity. This diversity in characters makes passwords much harder to guess or crack using common methods like brute force attacks, thereby improving overall security.

Requiring four character types: This approach forces users to create more complex and less predictable passwords, reducing the risk of simple passwords that are easy to exploit.

Decreasing the password expiration times (B) can encourage users to change their passwords more frequently but does not directly address the issue of password complexity. Enabling an automatic lock timer (C) can add a layer of security by locking accounts after a period of inactivity, but it does not improve the strength of the passwords themselves. Adding two characters to the minimum password length (D) can help to some extent by making passwords longer, but without requiring a mix of character types, passwords might still remain relatively easy to guess or crack.

Multifactor authentication will be forced for Wi-Fi after deploying a client certificate to be used for Wi-Fi access for all devices in an organization3

The IT manager is most likely to be concerned about network utilization being significantly increased due to the size of CAD files. Backing up all CAD files to the software’s cloud server can result in a large amount of data being transferred over the network, which can cause network congestion and slow down other network traffic.

The technician should have connected a proper ESD strap to prevent damage to the motherboard. ESD (electrostatic discharge) can cause damage to electronic components, and an ESD strap helps to prevent this by grounding the technician and preventing the buildup of static electricity. Removing all jewelry is also a good practice, but it is not the most likely solution to this problem.

The type of malware that is most likely to blame for a PC running more slowly than usual and having an extremely high GPU temperature is a “cryptominer”. Cryptominers are a type of malware that use the resources of a computer to mine cryptocurrency. This can cause the computer to run more slowly than usual and can cause the GPU temperature to rise. Spyware is a type of malware that is used to spy on a user’s activities, but it does not typically cause high GPU temperatures. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user’s files and demands payment to unlock them, but it does not typically cause high GPU temperatures. Boot sector viruses are a type of malware that infects the boot sector of a hard drive, but they do not typically cause high GPU temperatures12

The laptop has an additional option under power and sleep settings that desktops do not have. Switching to do nothing prevents the screen from turning off when closed.

The BEST way to secure the current workflow of transferring sensitive personal information between offices when conducting business is to enable BitLocker To Go with a password that meets corporate requirements. This is because BitLocker To Go is a full-disk encryption feature that encrypts all data on a USB drive, which is what the company currently uses, and requires a password to access the data.

One of the most important environmental concerns inside a data center is the level of humidity. High levels of humidity can cause condensation, which can result in corrosion of components and other equipment. Low levels of humidity can cause static electricity to build up, potentially leading to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and damage to components. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a relative humidity range of 40-60% in a data center to protect the equipment and ensure proper operation.

The most effective way to check other machines on the network for this unknown threat is to manually check each machine. This can help to identify any other machines that may be infected with the unknown virus and allow them to be cleaned.

Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on a computer, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid. In this case, the user was able to access the files before without issue, and no changes have been made within the company, so it is likely that the computer was infected with ransomware.

Logging into a user's account without their explicit permission is a violation of the acceptable use policy, which outlines the rules and regulations by which a user must abide while using a computer system. By logging into the user's account without their permission, the technician would be violating this policy. Additionally, this action could be seen as a breach of confidentiality, as the technician would have access to information that should remain confidential.

Click on 802.11 and Select ac

Click on SSID and select CORP

Click on Frequency and select 5GHz

At Wireless Security Mode, Click on Security Mode

Select the WPA2

Ann needs to connect to the BYOD SSID, using 2.4GHZ. The selected security method chose should be WPA PSK, and the password should be set to TotallySecret.

Bollards are the best solution to enhance building security in order to prevent vehicles from driving into the building while also maintaining easy access for customers4

https://www.educba.com/shell-scripting-in-linux/

A technician setting up a new laptop must ensure that users cannot install virtual machines as the company's security policy states  One way to prevent users from enabling virtual technology is by implementing Secure Boot. Secure Boot is a feature of UEFI firmware that ensures the system only boots using firmware that is trusted by the manufacturer. It verifies the signature of all bootloaders, operating systems, and drivers before running them, preventing any unauthorized modifications to the boot process. This will help prevent users from installing virtual machines on the laptop without authorization.

The technician should use the File Explorer application to assist the user with hiding the file 1. The user can right-click the file and select Properties. In the Properties dialog box, select the Hidden check box, and then click OK 1.

Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA), not multi-factor authentication (MFA). MFA requires two or more authentication factors. Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA)2

Before making any changes to the system, it is important to assess the risks associated with the change and determine whether it is worth implementing. Risk analysis involves identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and determining what steps can be taken to mitigate them. It is important to perform this step before making any changes, as this allows the administrator to make an informed decision about whether or not the change should be implemented. Once the risks have been assessed and the administrator has decided to go ahead with the change, the next step is to implement the deployment.

The BEST way to secure the workstation quickly when walking away is to use a key combination to lock the computer when leaving1

Saving software to an external hard drive and installing it on each individual PC is the most inefficient method for the small business owner. This method requires manual intervention on each PC, and there is a higher risk of error or inconsistencies between PCs. Additionally, if the software needs to be updated or reinstalled in the future, this process would need to be repeated on each PC.

 If customers are unable to access the company-hosted public website after installing a new SOHO router, the company should check for firmware updates1. Firmware updates can fix bugs and compatibility issues that may be preventing customers from accessing the website1. The company should also ensure that the router is properly configured to allow traffic to the website1. If the router is blocking traffic to the website, the company should configure the router to allow traffic to the website1.

In Windows 10, there are privacy settings that control access to certain devices, such as microphones, cameras, and other input devices. If the microphone is not enabled under these privacy settings, the VoIP application may not have access to it, causing a lack of outgoing audio.

The technician can go to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Privacy submenu, and under App permissions, select Microphone. The technician should then turn on the toggle switch for the VoIP application to allow it to access the microphone.

Removing the microphone from the USB hub and plugging it directly into a USB port on the PC may or may not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Deleting the microphone from Device Manager and scanning for new hardware may also not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Replacing the USB microphone with one that uses a traditional 3.5mm plug is not recommended, as it would require purchasing a new microphone and may not solve the issue.

https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/comptia-a-220-1102-exam-objectives-(3-0)

When a user reports that their workstation is behaving strangely after opening a suspicious email, the first step a technician should take is to run a virus scan on the computer. This is because opening a suspicious email is a common way for viruses and malware to infect a computer. Running a virus scan can help identify and remove any infections that may be causing the computer to behave strangely.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access version 3) is the latest version of Wi-Fi security and offers the highest level of protection available. It is designed to protect against brute force password attempts and protect against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. WPA3 also supports the use of stronger encryption algorithms, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which provides additional protection for wireless networks. WPA3 should be implemented in order to ensure the best possible security for the new wireless router.

 The administrator can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to troubleshoot the server effectively. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows the administrator to remotely control the desktop of a Linux server. 

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/common-file-name-extensions-in-windows-da4a4430-8e76-89c5-59f7-1cdbbc75cb01

 .pkg and .dmg are files used to distribute and install applications on macOS. .pkg files are installer packages that may contain multiple files and executable code, while .dmg files are disk images that can contain a single bundled application or multiple applications. .app files are typically the main executable files for macOS applications. The other options listed are file extensions for applications or installers on other platforms (such as .deb for Debian-based Linux systems, .msi for Windows, and .apk for Android). This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mac OS section.

The most likely agreement in use here is a EULA (End User License Agreement). This is a legally binding agreement between the user and the software developer, outlining the terms and conditions that the user must agree to in order to use the software. It is important that the user understands and agrees to the EULA before they can proceed with downloading and installing the software. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, users should be aware of the EULA before downloading any software.

According to CompTIA A+ Core 2 objectives, a full backup stored off-site provides the greatest protection against data loss in the event of a ransomware attack or other data disaster. By storing the backup in a separate physical location, it is less likely to be affected by the same event that could cause data loss on the original system. Cold storage is a term used for data archiving, which typically refers to a long-term storage solution that is used for retaining data that is infrequently accessed, but still needs to be kept for regulatory or compliance reasons.

The most likely reason the computer is unable to boot into the imaging system via the network is that the PXE boot option has not been enabled. PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) is an environment that allows computers to boot up over the network, instead of from a local disk. In order for this to work, the PXE boot option must be enabled in the computer's BIOS settings. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, technicians should know how to enable PXE in BIOS to enable network booting on a computer.

System File Checker to check for modified Windows files. System File Checker (SFC) is a Windows utility that can be used to scan for and restore corrupt Windows system files. SFC can be used to detect and fix any modified or corrupted system files on a computer, and thus should be checked first when a user reports that their computer has been running slowly since the installation of security applications [1][2]. By checking SFC, any modified or corrupted system files can be identified and fixed, potentially improving the overall performance of the computer.

The support representative should send a quick message regarding the delay to the next customer. This will help the next customer understand the situation and adjust their schedule accordingly.

The OS utility used to change the color of the cursor in Windows is Ease of Access Center12

The user can change the cursor color by opening the Settings app, selecting Accessibility in the left sidebar, selecting Mouse pointer and touch under Vision, and choosing one of the cursor options. The user can select Custom to pick a color and use the Size slider to make the cursor larger or smaller12

The Ease of Access Center in the Windows OS provides accessibility options for users with disabilities or impairments. One of these options allows the user to change the color and size of the cursor, making it more visible and easier to locate on the screen. The Keyboard and Touchpad settings do not offer the option to change cursor color, and Display Settings are used to adjust the resolution and other properties of the display. Therefore, C is the best answer. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Accessibility section.

Use the application at home and contact the vendor regarding a corporate license. The user should use the application only on the home laptop because it contains the initial license. The user should contact the vendor regarding a corporate license if they want to use the application on multiple computers on the corporate network1

BitLocker is a disk encryption tool that can be used to encrypt the hard drive of a Windows laptop. This will protect the data stored on the drive in the event that the laptop is lost or stolen, and will help to reduce the risk of data loss. Additionally, BitLocker can be configured to require a PIN or other authentication in order to unlock the drive, providing an additional layer of security.

The Ease of Access Center is a built-in utility in Windows that provides tools and options for making a computer easier to use for individuals with disabilities, including the visually impaired. In the Ease of Access Center, the technician can turn on options like high contrast display, screen magnification, and screen reader software to help the user better interact with the computer.

End-of-life operating systems are those which have reached the end of their life cycle and are no longer supported by the software developer. This means that the operating system will no longer receive updates, security patches, or other new features. This can leave users vulnerable to security threats, as the system will no longer be protected against the latest threats. Additionally, this can make it difficult to migrate data to a newer operating system, as the old system is no longer supported.

ifconfig is a command-line utility that allows you to configure network interfaces on macOS and other Unix-like systems1. To set an IP address using ifconfig, you need to know the name of the network interface you want to configure (such as en0 or en1), and the IP address you want to assign (such as 192.168.0.150). You also need to use sudo to run the command with administrative privileges2. The syntax of the command is:

sudo ifconfig interface address

For example, to set the IP address of en1 to 192.168.0.150, you would type:

sudo ifconfig en1 192.168.0.150

You may also need to specify other parameters such as subnet mask, gateway, or DNS servers, depending on your network configuration3. The other commands are not directly related to setting an IP address on macOS. ipconfig is a similar command for Windows systems4, arpa is a domain name used for reverse DNS lookup, and ping is a command for testing network connectivity.

The technician would most likely use the Task Manager tool to safely make this change12

The Task Manager tool can be used to disable applications from starting automatically on Windows 10

The tool that a technician would most likely use to stop an application from automatically starting when a user logs in to a Windows 10 system is the Task Manager. The Task Manager can be used to view and manage processes, including those that are set to automatically start when a user logs in to the system.

 The company is experiencing a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. A DDoS attack is a type of cyber attack in which multiple compromised systems are used to target a single system, causing a denial of service for users of the targeted system.

The most effective method for dealing with spam messages in a small business is to provide user training1. Users should be trained to recognize spam messages and avoid opening them1. They should also be trained to report spam messages to the IT department so that appropriate action can be taken1. In addition, users should be trained to avoid clicking on links or downloading attachments from unknown sources1. By providing user training, the management team can reduce the risk of users opening spam messages and potentially infecting the network systems1.

The error message is indicating that the script is not associated with any program on the computer that can open and run it. This means that the script requires a runtime environment, such as Python, to be installed in order for it to execute properly. Without the appropriate runtime environment, the script will not be able to run.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the files on a system and demands a ransom for their decryption1. Ransomware can also spread to other systems on the network or exfiltrate sensitive data to the attackers2. Therefore, it is important to isolate the infected machine as soon as possible to contain the infection and prevent further damage3. Powering off the machine is a quick and effective way of disconnecting it from the network and stopping any malicious processes running on it12. The other options are not directly related to preventing ransomware damage or may not be effective. Running a full antivirus scan may not be able to detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant1. Removing the LAN card may disconnect the machine from the network, but it may not stop any malicious processes running on it or any data encryption or exfiltration that has already occurred2. Installing a different endpoint solution may not be possible or helpful if the system is already infected and locked by ransomware1.

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.2 Given a scenario, use appropriate resources to support users and 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness.

This is because WPA2 with AES is the most secure wireless network configuration that is available on a ten-year-old SOHO wireless router.

The Windows Professional Edition is the most likely version that a technician would deploy for a user at a target corporation. This version of Windows is designed for business use and provides the necessary features and capabilities that a user would need to access the corporate domain, such as email and shared drives.

The BEST solution for preventing data theft within the call center in this scenario would be to lock the workstations after a period of inactivity. This would prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing patient data if call center agents were to step away from their workstations without logging out.

Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to centrally manage and apply policies and settings to computers and users on a domain3. Group Policy can be used to configure network drives, printers, security settings, desktop preferences, and other configurations for all users’ workstations3. Network and Sharing Center, net use, User Accounts, and regedit are not tools that can accomplish this task.

A workgroup network is a peer-to-peer network where each PC can share files and resources with other PCs without a central server. A public network is a network that is accessible to anyone on the internet. A wide area network is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a country or a continent. A domain network is a network where a server controls the access and security of the PCs. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/network-types https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a package management utility for PCs that are running the Linux operating system. It can be used to install, update and remove software packages from repositories. chmod (change mode) is a command that changes the permissions of files and directories in Linux. man (manual) is a command that displays the documentation of other commands in Linux. grep (global regular expression print) is a command that searches for patterns in text files in Linux. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/linux-package-management https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Resource Monitor is a tool that shows the network activity of each process on a Windows machine, including the TCP connections and the sent and received bytes. Performance Monitor is a tool that shows the performance metrics of the system, such as CPU, memory, disk and network usage. Command Prompt is a tool that allows running commands and scripts on a Windows machine. System Information is a tool that shows the hardware and software configuration of a Windows machine. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-use-resource-monitor https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Chain of custody is a process that helps ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who handled, accessed, modified, or transferred the evidence, when, where, why, and how. Chain of custody can help establish the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of the evidence, as well as prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. Data integrity form, valid operating system license, and documentation of an incident are not processes that can ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law.

A synthetic backup is a backup type that provides a backup for all data on the system while providing the lowest impact to the network. It combines a full backup with one or more incremental backups to create a single backup set, without requiring access to the original data source. Off-site is a backup location, not a backup type. Full and differential are backup types, but they have a higher impact on the network than synthetic. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-a-synthetic-backup https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Full disk encryption is a security mechanism that encrypts the entire data on a hard drive, making it unreadable without the correct decryption key or password. It can prevent the stored data from being recovered by unauthorized persons who steal or access the laptop. Biometrics, enforced strong system password and two-factor authentication are other security mechanisms, but they only protect the login access to the laptop, not the data on the hard drive. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-full-disk-encryption https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The best way to resolve the issue is to move factory applications to external memory. This will free up some space on the phone’s internal storage, which is required for updating the phone. To do this, you can follow these steps1:

Insert a microSD card into your phone if you don’t have one already.

Go to Settings > Apps and tap on the app you want to move.

Tap on Storage and then on Change.

Select the SD card option and tap on Move.

You may need to repeat this process for multiple apps until you have enough space to update your phone. Alternatively, you can also clear the cache and data of some apps, or uninstall the apps that you don’t use frequently. You can find more information on how to fix insufficient storage error on your phone in these articles234. I hope this helps.

The correct answer is D. Force Quit. Force Quit is a macOS feature that allows users to close an application that has stopped responding. To use Force Quit, users can press and hold Option (or Alt), Command, and Esc (Escape) keys together, or choose Force Quit from the Apple menu in the corner of the screen. A Force Quit window will open, where users can select the application that they want to close and click Force Quit123.

References and Explanation:

The web search results provide information about how to force an app to quit on Mac using different methods, such as keyboard shortcuts, mouse clicks, or menu options. The results also explain what to do if the app cannot be forced to quit or if the Mac does not respond.

The first result1 is from the official Apple Support website and provides detailed instructions and screenshots on how to force an app to quit on Mac using the keyboard shortcut or the Apple menu. It also explains how to force quit the Finder app and how to restart or turn off the Mac if needed.

The second result2 is from the same website but for a different region (UK). It has the same content as the first result but with some minor differences in spelling and wording.

The third result4 is from a website called Lifehacker that provides tips and tricks for various topics, including technology. It compares how to close a program that is not responding on different operating systems, such as Windows, Mac, and Linux. It briefly mentions how to force quit an app on Mac using the keyboard shortcut or the mouse click.

The fourth result3 is from a website called Parallels that provides software solutions for running Windows on Mac. It focuses on how to force quit an app on Mac using the keyboard shortcut and provides a video tutorial and a screenshot on how to do it. It also suggests some alternative ways to close an app that is not responding, such as using Activity Monitor or Terminal commands.

YUM stands for Yellowdog Updater Modified and it is a command-line tool that allows users to install, update, remove, and manage software packages in Linux. YUM can be used to add functionality to a Linux system by installing new software packages or updating existing ones. To change folder permissions, show documentation, or list file contents, other commands such as chmod, man, or ls can be used in Linux.