2V0-41.23 VMware NSX 4.x Professional Questions and Answers

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.1/administration/GUID-69DF70C2-1769-4858-97E7-B757CAED08F0.html#:~:text=On%20the%20north%2Dsouth%20traffic,Guest%20Introspection%20(GI)%20platform .

The main components on the edge node for north-south malware prevention perform the following functions:

• IDS/IPS engine: Extracts files and relays events and data to the security hub

North-south malware prevention uses the file extraction features of the IDS/IPS engine that runs on NSX Edge for north-south traffic.

• Security hub: Collects file events, obtains verdicts for known files, sends files for local and cloud-based analysis, and sends information to the security analyzer

• RAPID: Provides local analysis of the file

• ASDS Cache: Caches reputation and verdicts of known files

To activate Malware Prevention on the NSX Application Platform, the steps are:

• In the NSX Manager UI, select System and in the Configuration section, select NSX Application Platform.
• Navigate to the Features section, locate the NSX Malware Prevention feature card, and click Activate or anywhere in the card.
• In the NSX Malware Prevention activation window, select one of the available cloud regions from which you can access the NSX Advanced Threat Prevention cloud service.
• Click Run Prechecks. This precheck process can take some time as the system validates that the minimum license requirement is met and that it is eligible for use with the NSX Advanced Threat Prevention cloud service. The system also validates that the selected cloud region is reachable.
• Click Activate. This step can take some time1. Therefore, the correct answer is D. The other options are incorrect because they involve activating or deploying NSX Network Detection and Response, which is a different feature from Malware Prevention. References: Activate NSX Malware Prevention

According to the VMware NSX Documentation, these are two of the use cases for Distributed Intrusion Detection, which is a feature of NSX Network Detection and Response:

• Quarantine workloads based on vulnerabilities: You can use Distributed Intrusion Detection to detect vulnerabilities in your workloads and apply quarantine actions to isolate them from the network until they are remediated.
• Identify security vulnerabilities in the workloads: You can use Distributed Intrusion Detection to scan your workloads for known vulnerabilities and generate reports that show the severity, impact, and remediation steps for each vulnerability.

To configure NSX Manager for two-factor authentication (2FA), an NSX administrator must have VMware Identity Manager (vIDM) with an OAuth Client added. vIDM provides identity management services and supports various 2FA methods, such as VMware Verify, RSA SecurID, and RADIUS. An OAuth Client is a configuration entity in vIDM that represents an application that can use vIDM for authentication and authorization. NSX Manager must be registered as an OAuth Client in vIDM before it can use 2FA. References: : VMware NSX-T Data Center Installation Guide, page 19. : VMware NSX-T Data Center Administration Guide, page 102. : VMware Blogs: Two-Factor Authentication with VMware NSX-T

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.1/administration/GUID-26C44DE8-1854-4B06-B6DA-A2FD426CDF44.html

To generate the support bundle logs on the NSX Manager via API, the NSX administrator needs to use the POST method with the URL https://nsxmgr_ip/api/1.0/appliance-management/techsupportlogs/NSX, where nsxmgr_ip is the IP address of the NSX Manager 1. This will create a tech support bundle file with a name like vcpnv.tgz. To download the generated tech support bundle file via CLI, the NSX administrator needs to use the get support-bundle file vcpnv.tgz command on the NSX Manager1. The other commands are incorrect because they either do not generate or download the support bundle logs, or they are not related to the NSX Manager.

A. Can be used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol. This is correct. BGP is a protocol that can be used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS). An AS is a network or a group of networks under a single administrative control. BGP can be used as an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) to connect an AS to other ASes on the internet or other external networks1

B. It supports a 4-byte autonomous system number. This is correct. BGP supports both 2-byte and 4-byte AS numbers. A 2-byte AS number can range from 1 to 65535, while a 4-byte AS number can range from 65536 to 4294967295. NSX supports both 2-byte and 4-byte AS numbers for BGP configuration on a Tier-0 Gateway2

C. The network is divided into areas that are logical groups. This is incorrect. This statement describes OSPF, not BGP. OSPF is another routing protocol that operates within a single AS and divides the network into areas to reduce routing overhead and improve scalability. BGP does not use the concept of areas, but rather uses attributes, policies, and filters to control the routing decisions and traffic flow3

D. FIGRP Is disabled by default. This is correct. FIGRP stands for Fast Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, which is an enhanced version of IGRP, an obsolete routing protocol developed by Cisco. FIGRP is not supported by NSX and is disabled by default on a Tier-0 Gateway.

E. BGP is enabled by default. This is incorrect. BGP is not enabled by default on a Tier-0 Gateway. To enable BGP, you need to configure the local AS number and the BGP neighbors on the Tier-0 Gateway using the NSX Manager UI or API.

To learn more about BGP configuration on a Tier-0 Gateway in NSX, you can refer to the following resources:

• VMware NSX Documentation: Configure BGP 1
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: BGP Configuration
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: BGP Troubleshooting

According to the VMware NSX Documentation1, NSX-T Data Center supports the following types of DHCP configuration on a segment:

• Local DHCP server: This option creates a local DHCP server that has an IP address on the segment and provides dynamic IP assignment service only to the VMs that are attached to the segment.
• Gateway DHCP server: This option is attached to a tier-0 or tier-1 gateway and provides DHCP service to the networks (overlay segments) that are directly connected to the gateway and configured to use a gateway DHCP server.
• DHCP Relay: This option relays the DHCP client requests to the external DHCP servers that can be in any subnet, outside the SDDC, or in the physical network.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.0/administration/GUID-486C1281-C6CF-47EC-B2A2-0ECFCC4A68CE.html

The sequence of commands that could be used to check the BGP connection status between the Tier-O Gateway and the upstream physical router on NSX Edge node is get gateways, vrf , get bgp neighbor. These commands can be executed on the NSX Edge node CLI after logging in as admin6. The first command, get gateways, displays the list of logical routers (gateways) configured on the Edge node, along with their IDs and VRF numbers7. The second command, vrf , switches to the VRF context of the desired Tier-O Gateway, where is the VRF number obtained from the previous command7. The third command, get bgp neighbor, displays the BGP neighbor summary for the selected VRF, including the neighbor IP address, AS number, state, uptime, and prefixes received8. The other options are incorrect because they either use invalid or incomplete commands or do not switch to the correct VRF context. References: NSX-T Command-Line Interface Reference, NSX Edge Node CLI Commands, Troubleshooting BGP on NSX-T Edge Nodes

An overlay segment is a layer 2 broadcast domain that is implemented as a logical construct in the NSX-T Data Center software. Overlay segments do not require any configuration on the physical switches, and they allow for optimal east/west communication between workloads on different ESXi hosts. Overlay segments use the Geneve protocol to encapsulate and decapsulate traffic between the hosts. Overlay segments are created and managed by the NSX Manager.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-316E5027-E588-455C-88AD-A7DA930A4F0B.html

The insertion point for East-West network introspection is the Guest VM vNIC. Network introspection is a service insertion feature that allows third-party network services to be integrated with NSX. Network introspection enables traffic redirection from the Guest VM vNIC to a service virtual machine (SVM) that runs the partner service. The SVM can then inspect, monitor, or modify the traffic before sending it back to the original destination1. The other options are incorrect because they are not the insertion points for East-West network introspection. The Tier-0 router is used for North-South routing and network services. The partner SVM is the service virtual machine that runs the partner service, not the insertion point. The host physical NIC is not involved in network introspection. References: Network Introspection Settings

The correct answer is to enable the OSPF toggle and to add an Area Definition for the Tier-0 gateway in the image. These two items are required to configure OSPF on the Tier-0 gateway, as explained in the web search results123.

To mark your answers by clicking twice on the image, you can double-click on the toggle switch next to OSPF to turn it on. The switch should change from gray to blue, indicating that the option is enabled. Then, you can double-click on the Set button next to Area Definition to add an area definition. A pop-up window should appear where you can specify the area ID and type. 

1. Click the OSPF toggle to enable OSPF 2. In the Area Definition field, click Set to add an area definition https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-5BEC626C-5312-467D-B873-8E117349E9FC.html

The answer is A. SR is instantiated and automatically connected with DR.

SR stands for Service Router and DR stands for Distributed Router. They are components of the NSX Edge node that provide different functions1

The SR is responsible for providing stateful services such as NAT, firewall, load balancing, VPN, and DHCP. The DR is responsible for providing distributed routing and switching between logical segments and the physical network1

When a stateful service is enabled for the first time on a Tier-0 Gateway, the NSX Edge node automatically creates an SR instance and connects it with the existing DR instance. This allows the stateful service to be applied to the traffic that passes through the SR before reaching the DR2

According to the VMware NSX 4.x Professional Exam Guide, understanding the SR and DR components and their functions is one of the exam objectives3

To learn more about the SR and DR components and how they work on the NSX Edge node, you can refer to the following resources:

• VMware NSX Documentation: NSX Edge Components 1
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: NSX Edge Architecture
• VMware NSX 4.x Professional: NSX Edge Routing

According to the VMware NSX CLI Reference Guide, this CLI command shows the syslog messages on the NSX Manager node. You can use this command to view the system logs for troubleshooting or monitoring purposes.

The other options are either incorrect or not available for this task. get log-file auth.log is a CLI command that shows the authentication logs on the NSX Manager node, not the syslog messages. /var/log/syslog/syslog.log is not a CLI command, but a file path that may contain syslog messages on some Linux systems, but not on the NSX Manager node. show log manager follow is not a valid CLI command, as there is no show log command or manager option in the NSX CLI.

## NSX Cli command

get log-file

get log-file follow

# Below are commonly used log files, there are many more log files

get log-file [follow]

# use [follow] to continuing monitor

Example: get log-file syslog follow

get log-file syslog

According to the VMware NSX Documentation1, a segment is mapped to a unique Geneve segment that is distributed across the ESXi hosts in a transport zone. The Geneve segment uses a virtual network identifier (VNI) as an overlay network identifier. The VNI ID can be used to identify overlay segments in an NSX environment if troubleshooting is required.

The correct answers are A. Files and anti-malware (file) events from the NSX Edge nodes and the Security Analyzer, D. IDS/IPS events from the ESXi hosts and NSX Edge nodes, and E. Suspicious Traffic Detection events from NSX Intelligence. According to the VMware NSX Documentation3, these are the three data collection sources that are used by NSX Network Detection and Response to create correlations/intrusion campaigns.

The other options are incorrect or not supported by NSX Network Detection and Response. East-West anti-malware events from the ESXi hosts are not collected by NSX Network Detection and Response3. Distributed Firewall flow data from the ESXi hosts are not used for correlation/intrusion campaigns by NSX Network Detection and Response3.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/administration/GUID-14BBE50D-9931-4719-8FA7-884539C0D277.html

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-Intelligence/4.0/user-guide/GUID-DC78552B-2CC4-410D-A6C9-3FE0DCEE545B.html

 The NSX Application Platform Deployment features are divided into three form factors: Evaluation, Standard, and Advanced. Each form factor determines which NSX features can be activated or installed on the platform1. The Evaluation form factor supports only NSX Intelligence, which provides network visibility and analytics for NSX-T environments2. The Standard form factor supports both NSX Intelligence and NSX Network Detection and Response, which provides network threat detection and response capabilities for NSX-T environments3. The Advanced form factor supports all four features: NSX Intelligence, NSX Network Detection and Response, NSX Malware Prevention, and NSX Metrics1.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX-T-Data-Center/3.2/nsx-application-platform/GUID-85CD2728-8081-45CE-9A4A-D72F49779D6A.html

According to the VMware NSX Documentation, this VPN type must be configured before enabling a L2VPN. L2VPN stands for Layer 2 VPN and is a feature that allows you to extend your layer 2 network across different sites using an IPSec tunnel. Route-based IPSec VPN is a VPN type that uses logical router ports to establish IPSec tunnels between sites.

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.1/administration/GUID-86C8D6BB-F185-46DC-828C-1E1876B854E8.html

https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-NSX/4.1/nsx-application-platform/GUID-50FB1A3F-07D8-4125-9252-DB05C28BE7E1.html: Procedure From your browser, log in with Enterprise Admin privileges to an NSX Manager at https:// . Navigate to System > Support Bundle. In the Request Bundle tab, select NSX Application Platform from the Type drop-down menu.

Two tools that are used for centralized logging in VMware NSX are Syslog Server and VMware Aria Operations for Logs. Syslog Server is a standard protocol for sending log messages from various network devices to a centralized server1. VMware NSX supports syslog for long term retention of logs and all NSX components can send syslog messages to a configured syslog server2. VMware Aria Operations for Logs is a VMware product that provides intelligent log analytics for NSX3. It provides monitoring and troubleshooting capabilities and customizable dashboards for network virtualization, flow analysis, and alerts3. The other options are incorrect because they are not tools for centralized logging in VMware NSX. VMware Aria Operations is a VMware product that provides operations management and automation for NSX4, but it is not the same as VMware Aria Operations for Logs. VMware Aria Automation is a VMware product that provides automation and orchestration for NSX5, but it is not related to logging. VMware Aria Operations for Networks is not a valid product name. References: Syslog, NSX Logging and System Events, VMware vRealize Log Insight for NSX, VMware vRealize Operations Management Pack for NSX, VMware vRealize Automation

According to the web search results, error code 1001 is related to a time synchronization issue between the ESXi host and the NSX Manager. This can cause problems when configuring a time-based firewall rule, which requires the ESXi host and the NSX Manager to have the same time zone and NTP server settings . To resolve this error, you need to restart the NTP service on the ESXi host to synchronize the time with the NSX Manager. You can use the following command to restart the NTP service on the ESXi host:

/etc/init.d/ntpd restart

The other options are not valid solutions for this error. Reinstalling the NSX VIBs on the ESXi host will not fix the time synchronization issue. Changing the time zone on the ESXi host may cause more discrepancies with the NSX Manager. Reconfiguring the ESXi host with a local NTP server may not be compatible with the NSX Manager’s NTP server.

BGP will be configured on the T0 SR. Connect to the VRF for the T0 SR and run get bgp neighbor once connected to it. https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Validated-Design/5.1/sddc-deployment-of-vmware-nsx-t-workload-domains-with-multiple-availability-zones/GUID-8BD4228A-75C6-4C60-80B4-538D4297E11A.html

For the BGP configuration on NSX-T, the Tier-0 Service Router (SR) is typically where BGP is configured. To check the BGP neighbor status:

Connect to the VRF for the T0 SR, which is VRF 3 based on the provided output.

Run the command to get BGP neighbor status once connected to it.

 Unicast is the traffic type that an NSX administrator should use for validating connectivity between App and DB virtual machines that reside on different segments. According to the VMware documentation1, unicast traffic is the traffic type that is used to send a packet from one source to one destination. Unicast traffic is the most common type of traffic in a network, and it is used for applications such as web browsing, email, file transfer, and so on2. To perform a traceflow with unicast traffic, the NSX administrator needs to specify the source and destination IP addresses, and optionally the protocol and related parameters1. The traceflow will show the path of the packet across the network and any observations or errors along the way3. The other options are incorrect because they are not suitable for validating connectivity between two specific virtual machines. Multicast traffic is the traffic type that is used to send a packet from one source to multiple destinations simultaneously2. Multicast traffic is used for applications such as video streaming, online gaming, and group communication4. To perform a traceflow with multicast traffic, the NSX administrator needs to specify the source IP address and the destination multicast IP address1. Broadcast traffic is the traffic type that is used to send a packet from one source to all devices on the same subnet2. Broadcast traffic is used for applications such as ARP, DHCP, and network discovery. To perform a traceflow with broadcast traffic, the NSX administrator needs to specify the source IP address and the destination MAC address as FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF1. Anycast traffic is not a valid option, as it is not supported by NSX Traceflow. Anycast traffic is a traffic type that is used to send a packet from one source to the nearest or best destination among a group of devices that share the same IP address. Anycast traffic is used for applications such as DNS, CDN, and load balancing.

NSX supports two types of authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) systems when integrating with VMware Identity Manager: RSA SecurID and LDAP and OpenLDAP based on Active Directory (AD). RSA SecurID is a two-factor authentication system that uses a token-based approach to verify the identity of users. LDAP and OpenLDAP based on AD are directory services that store and manage user information and credentials. Both systems can be used to provide centralized authentication for users who want to access applications in an NSX environment .

https://blogs.vmware.com/networkvirtualization/2017/11/remote-user-authentication-and-rbac-with-nsx-t.html

The integration of VMware Identity Manager with NSX provides the following benefits related to user authentication:

• Support for extensive authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) systems, including:

— RADIUS

— Smart cards and common access cards

— RSA SecureID

— LDAP and OpenLDAP based on Active Directory (AD)

• Enterprise SSO:

— Common authentication platform across multiple VMware solutions

— Seamless SSO experience

NSX has its own native LDAP and Active Directory integration, but VMware Identity Manager also offers this capability

 According to the VMware NSX Documentation1, core files and audit logs can contain sensitive information and should be excluded from the support bundle unless requested by VMware technical support. Controller files and management files are not mentioned as containing sensitive information.

https://vdc-download.vmware.com/vmwb-repository/dcr-public/c3fd9cef-6b2b-4772-93be-3fe60ce064a1/1f67b9e1-b111-4de7-9ea1-39931d28f560/NSX-T%20Command-Line%20Interface%20Reference.html#get%20logical-switch%20%3Clogical-switch-id%3E

The two interfaces that will be used for ingress traffic on the Edge node supporting a Single Tier topology are:

• B. Tier-0 Uplink interface
• C. Downlink Interface for the Tier-0 DR

The Tier-0 Uplink interface is the interface that connects the Tier-0 gateway to the external network. It is used to receive traffic from the physical router or switch that is the next hop for the Tier-0 gateway. The Tier-0 Uplink interface can be configured with a static IP address or use BGP to exchange routes with the external network.

The Downlink Interface for the Tier-0 DR is the interface that connects the Tier-0 gateway to the workload segments. It is used to receive traffic from the VMs or containers that are attached to the segments. The Downlink Interface for the Tier-0 DR is a logical interface (LIF) that is distributed across all transport nodes that host the segments. The Downlink Interface for the Tier-0 DR has an IP address that acts as the default gateway for the VMs or containers on the segments.