BL0-220 Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks Exam Questions and Answers

 Scalability and Openness are the focus of an agile data center. Scalability refers to the ability of a data center to adapt to changing demands and workloads by adding or removing resources dynamically. Openness refers to the use of open standards and interfaces that enable interoperability and integration of different technologies and vendors in a data center. An agile data center can provide flexible, efficient, and cost-effective services to customers and applications, while reducing operational complexity and overhead. Fixed Architecture and Closed Cloud System are not the focus of an agile data center. Fixed Architecture means a rigid and predefined structure of a data center that cannot be easily modified or customized. Closed Cloud System means a proprietary and isolated cloud platform that does not support compatibility or collaboration with other cloud platforms or services. A fixed architecture and a closed cloud system can limit the performance, functionality, and innovation of a data center, and increase the dependency and lock-in of customers and applications. References: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, Section 1.3: Cloud Agility.

 On-Boarding of a Network Service requires both NS and NF templates. NS stands for Network Service, which is a logical grouping of network functions and resources that provide a specific functionality or service to the end user. NF stands for Network Function, which is a software component that performs a specific task or function within the network. Templates are files that describe the characteristics, requirements, and dependencies of network services and network functions. On-Boarding is the process of registering and validating network services and network functions in the cloud platform, so that they can be instantiated and managed.

References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, slide 7
• Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide, DC5.1– New Services Automation, page 19

On-boarding a Network Service typically involves Network Service (NS) and Network Function (NF) templates. NS templates define the overall structure and requirements of a network service, including its composition of various NFs and their interconnections. NF templates specify the configurations for individual network functions that are part of the service. Together, they enable the automated deployment and management of complex network services in a standardized manner.

The Core or Central Cloud covers a very large area, as it is the most centralized part of the Distributed Cloud architecture. It provides high-performance computing and storage resources for applications that do not require low latency or high bandwidth. It also hosts the management and orchestration functions for the entire Distributed Cloud network. The Core or Central Cloud is typically located in a data center or a cloud service provider’s facility12. References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks
• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Courses

The statement that best describes the scaling stage of the application life cycle is the application adjusts its capacity. Scaling is the process of increasing or decreasing the number of resources allocated to an application based on the demand and performance1. Scaling can be done manually or automatically using policies and metrics1. The other statements do not describe the scaling stage, but rather other stages of the application life cycle. The periodic upgrade of the service is part of the maintenance stage, which ensures the reliability and security of the application2. The deployment of the application over the infrastructure is part of the installation stage, which involves the configuration and activation of the application2. The termination and freeing of associated resources is part of the decommissioning stage, which removes the application from the network2. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 23 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 10

To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. Comprehensive Explanation and References of Correct Answer: The main advantage of development concepts such as DevOps and CI/CD used in cloud native applications is to reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. DevOps is a set of practices that aims to improve collaboration and communication between development and operations teams, and to automate and streamline the software delivery process. CI/CD is a subset of DevOps that focuses on continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous testing of software changes. By using these concepts, cloud native applications canachieve faster and more frequent releases, higher quality and reliability, lower costs and risks, and better customer satisfaction.

References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 3
• Catching the 5G train with CI/CD Services, paragraph 1
• Nokia unveils new 5G core deployment services to give operators better capabilities, paragraph 1

The properties related to a private cloud are high CAPEX and full control. CAPEX stands for capital expenditure, which is the money spent on acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as servers, storage, and network equipment. A private cloud requires high CAPEX because the cloud owner has to invest in building and maintaining the cloud infrastructure. Full control means that the cloud owner has the exclusive authority and responsibility over the cloud resources, security, and operations. A private cloud offers full control because the cloud owner can customize the cloud according to their specific needs and preferences, and can ensure the privacy and compliance of their data and applications. References: Nokia Cloud Platform, Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide

 Distributed cloud is a concept that refers to the deployment of cloud services across multiple locations, such as public, private, hybrid, or edge clouds1. Cloud options are the different types of cloud models that can be used to meet the specific needs and requirements of different applications and users2. Cloud options are complementary with distributed cloud, as they enable the flexibility and scalability of cloud services across the cloud continuum3. Therefore, option B is the correct statement, while options A and C are incorrect. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Distributed Cloud Description 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Cloud Options 3: Cloud continuum | Nokia, Overview

It is not possible to run a cloud solution in a Single Node. A cloud solution requires a minimum of three nodes to provide high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance1. A Single Node is a standalone server that does not have any redundancy or load balancing features2. A Single Node can be used for testing or development purposes, but not for production or deployment of cloud applications.

References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 5 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 6

The properties related to a public cloud are for users, there is no cloud infrastructure operation and easy scaling. A public cloud is a cloud service that is offered by a third-party provider over the public internet, and is available to anyone who wants to use or purchase it1. Users of public cloud do not need to operate or maintain the cloud infrastructure, as it is the responsibility of the cloud provider2. Public cloud also offers easy scaling, as users can quickly and dynamically provision or release resources according to their needs2. Public cloud is suitable for applications that have unpredictable or variable demand, or that do not require a high level of security or customization3. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, Section 1.1: Cloud Types 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.1: Cloud Computing 3: Nokia and DISH to deploy first 5G standalone core network in the public cloud with AWS, Press Release

The main parameters of policy-based auto-scaling are threshold and min/max values. Threshold is the value of a metric that triggers the scaling action, such as CPU utilization or memory usage1. Min/max values are the minimum and maximum number of instances or resources that can be scaled up or down1. Priority and description are not parameters of policy-based auto-scaling. Priority is the order of execution of policies in case of conflicting or overlapping conditions2. Description is the optional text that provides additional information about the policy2. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 24 2: Nokia CloudBand Application Manager User Guide, Chapter 9: Scaling Policies, page 151

Closed loop automation Comprehensive Explanation and References of Correct Answer: AI/ML based operation requires pre-defined policies, open APIs, and closed loop automation to enable intelligent and adaptive cloud management and orchestration. Pre-defined policies provide the rules and objectives for the cloud resources and services, such as performance, security, and cost. Open APIs allow the communication and integration of different cloud components and platforms, such as Nokia’s 5G Edge Slicing solution and Microsoft Azure edge and cloud. Closed loop automation enables the continuous monitoring, analysis, and optimization of the cloud ecosystem based on the feedback from the AI/ML algorithms.

References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks | Nokia Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 7
• Nokia, A1 and Microsoft deploy industry’s first 5G edge cloud network slicing solution for enterprises | Nokia, paragraph 4

 A fault detection event will trigger the auto-healing operation. Auto-healing is a feature of cloud networks that enables the automatic recovery of resources or services from failures or errors1. Fault detection is the process of identifying and locating faults in the network using various methods such as monitoring, logging, or testing2. When a fault is detected, the auto-healing operation will initiate the appropriate actions to restore the normal functioning of the network, such as restarting, repairing, or replacing the faulty components1. Threshold, warning message, and new status are not events that trigger the auto-healing operation. Threshold is a predefined value or limit that indicates the acceptable performance or behavior of a resource or service3. Warning message is a notification or alert that informs the user or operator about a potential problem or risk in the network4. New status is a change or update in the state or condition of a resource or service, such as active, inactive, or degraded.

References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 9 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 10 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 11 4: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 12 : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 13

 OCP stands for Open Compute Project, which is an initiative to design and enable the delivery of the most efficient server, storage and data center hardware designs for scalable computing1. OCP is the primary cloud infrastructure platform to develop, test and deliver Nokia’s core network applications and business applications, benefiting from its scalability, flexibility, and advanced orchestration capabilities2. OCP is also part of the Nokia Cloud Platform, which is a TCO optimized solution that combines OCP with Nokia’s reference hardware andblueprint architecture2. References: 1: Open Compute Project, Home Page 2: Nokia Cloud Platform,

The most appropriate word to complete the sentence is benefits. The public cloud ecosystem offers many benefits to users, such as scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and innovation12. Constraints, problems, and operability are not suitable words to describe the advantages of the public cloud ecosystem over the simple consumption of resources. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 7 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 9

The statement that best describes cloud native operations is cloud native provides operation adaptability. Cloud native operations are based on the principles of agility, resilience, and automation, which enable the cloud to adapt to changing demands and conditions12. Cloud native is not only operational by AI, nor does it rely only on network automation. AI and automation are tools that enhance the cloud native operations, but they are not the only factors that define them12. Cloud native design does not limit scalability, but rather enables it by using microservices, containers, and orchestration12. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 6 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 16