C1000-142 IBM Cloud Advocate v2 Questions and Answers

IBM Cloud® Databases and IBM Cloud® Database-as-a-Services (DBaaS) are fully managed by IBM, unless customers specifically request to manage some aspects themselves.

IBM Cloud® Databases and DBaaS offers your organization significant financial, operational, and strategic benefits like below:

- Your organization pays a predictable periodic charge based on the resources you consume—there’s no need to purchase additional capacity to have on hand for hypothetical future needs.

- You can quickly and easily scale-up and down as per your need.

- They are highly available, secure with IBM enterprise security, compatible with open-source databases, scalable, and economical including features like default encryption of data at rest and in-transit and integrated identity and access management controls. Some also meet specific regulatory compliance standards.

IBM's catalog of database services includes:

1. IBM Cloudant, IBM Cloud®Databases for etcd

2. IBM Cloud® Databases for MongoDB

3. IBM Cloud® Databases for PostgreSQL

4. IBM Cloud® Databases for Redis Elasticsearch

Explanation

Virtualization makes it possible to create multiple virtual machines, each with their own operating system (OS) and applications, on a single physical machine. A VM cannot interact directly with a physical computer.

IBM Cloud® Identity and Access Management (IAM) provides secure access control that enable developers to do all sorts of useful things. For example, if an organization’s corporate security policies require that IBM Cloud credentials always be encrypted and rotated every week, developers can use IAM to securely provide credentials that write to the Cloudant Service.

IAM policy enables a subject to access a resource. There are three primary values in a policy: a subject, roles, and resources.

Today answer this question, it's important to know cloud computing benefits Below are the benefits of cloud computing : Reduced IT costs, Scalability, Business continuity, Collaboration efficiency, Flexibility of work practices, Access to automatic updates. Best answer here is : Scalability and Cost-effectiveness

Resource : A resource is an instance of a service like Cloudant, a Cloud Foundry application, Virtual Machine, Container. Resources are provisioned globally in an account scope. Resource Group : Resource group is a collection of resources like Virtual Machine, each resource group belongs to an account. all resources are created within a resource group. if a resource group is deleted then all the resources of that particular resource group also deleted. Region : Regions is a physical location with multiple availability zones, Regions are completely independent of each other, They're connected through a dedicated regional low-latency network. each region is located in separate geographic area. Zones : Zones are physically separate locations within each region, that are engineered to be isolated from failures. if we deploy application across two Availability Zones than It increases the availability of an application compared to running in a single Availability Zone. Datacenter : Within an availability zone, We can have multiple data centers. It can simply be a building where infrastructure is managed for a cloud.

Correct Answer : Hypervisor is a small software layer that enables multiple operating systems to run alongside each other. Hypervisor separates the VMs logically, assigning each its own slice of underlying computing power, memory, and storage. There are 2 types of Hypervisor : Type 1 & Type 2. Hosted is another name given to a Type 2 hypervisor. Type 2 Hypervisors : Run as an application in a host operating system, rather than in place of an operating system ⦿ Create a virtual machine and install a guest operating system on it ⦿ Assign physical resources to a virtual machine and set the amount of processor cores and memory it can use ⦿ Known as “hosted” ⦿ Mostly used for end-user virtualization, less frequently used, higher latency ⦿ Some examples are Oracle VirtualBox and VMware Workstation In-Correct Answers : Virtual Machine : A virtual machine is a virtual representation of physical computer, that behaves like an actual computer. Single Tenant : Sigle tenant means, used by single organization only. Bare metal server are single-tenant physical servers that are dedicated to a single customer. Bare metal servers fulfill the demanding needs of high-performance computing (HPC) and data intense applications. Use cases : Bare metal server are suitable for CPU and I/O intensive workloads.

Explanation

Object Storage is suitable for the backup of a database in cloud storage.

Red Hat's® OpenShift® is an open-source container platform that runs on the Red Hat enterprise Linux operating system and Kubernetes. It's built upon Kubernetes.

Red Hat's® OpenShift® on IBM Cloud enables customers to deploy and manage apps on Red Hat OpenShift clusters. These clusters run on the Red Hat OpenShift on IBM Cloud container platform software.

Red Hat's® OpenShift® is a Kubernetes container platform. It extends the Kubernetes platform enabling the customer to deploy their workloads across cloud providers. Additionally, they can create their own clusters or compute hosts either on IBM Cloud or VPC infrastructure. IBM Satellite enables Red Hat's® OpenShift® to be deployed and managed in any location.

Benefits: Here are some of the benefits of Red Hat's® OpenShift®:

Fast and secure: Red Hat's® OpenShift® enables developers to containerize and deploy workloads quickly and securely.

Scalable: Red Hat's® OpenShift® enables developers to scale workloads across multiple data centers and multizone regions. Organizations can then monitor, log, and secure apps.

Resiliency means - Quick recovery from unexpected failure.

A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls the traffic for one or more virtual server instances. A security group is a collection of rules that specify whether to allow or deny traffic for an associated instance. You can associate an instance with one or more security groups and edit the security group rules An Access Control List (ACL) can manage (that is, it can allow or deny) inbound and outbound traffic for a subnet. An ACL is stateless, which means that inbound and outbound rules must be specified separately and explicitly. Each ACL consists of rules, based on a source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port, and protocol. Note : Security Groups control traffic at the virtual service instance level and n Access Control List (ACL) control the traffic at subnet level.

Explanation

Pay-As-You-Go is a utility computing billing method that is implemented in cloud computing and geared toward organizations and end users. customers pay for services as they are procured and/or used.

Key value databases are best at storing data that is structured but doesn't require the relational abilities of a relational database. Data are stored as a key value pair where the key is a unique identifier. These databases are used for storing leaderboards and shopping cart data.

Containers are lightweight and portable executable units (images) of software. They supply portability between different platforms and clouds. Containers are self-contained units that are designed to hold applications as well as all libraries and dependencies that the application requires. Containers can be run on physical computers or in the cloud.

Containers do not have an operating system of their own. Instead, they access the operating system of the device they are running on using a hypervisor. This allows them to be more light-weight, easier to provision, and much smaller than traditional virtual machines.

Virtual machine is a virtual re-presentation of physical computer, you can understand it as a computer inside a computer. Each individual virtual machine behaves exactly as though it were its own computer. It has its own operating system, memory, storage, and compute and is totally unaware of other virtual machines that could be running on the same host.

How do containers differ from a traditional VM?

Traditional virtualization leverages a hypervisor to virtualize physical hardware. Each VM contains:

- A guest operating system (OS)

- A virtual copy of the hardware that the OS requires to run

- An application and its associated libraries and dependencies

- Containers, on the other hand, virtualize the operating system. Each container only contains:

- The application

- Its libraries

- Its dependencies

DevOps is an increasingly common approach to agile software development that developers and operations teams use to build, test, deploy and monitor applications with speed, quality and control. DevOps is relevant to any kind of software project regardless of architecture, platform or purpose. DevOps enables fast and automated deployment of services. DevOps brings together development and operations teams to overcome configuration and deployment delays. With a DevOps strategy you can do the following: - Accelerate the delivery of reliable software. - Balance speed, cost, quality, and risk with increased capacity to innovate. - Reduce time to customer feedback with improved customer experience.

Horizontal pod autoscaler enables customers to determine the minimum or the maximum number of pods to run the CPU and memory utilization the pods should utilize. The HPA automatically scales the workload to match the demand. When there is an increased workload, it deploys more pods. When there is a decrease in the workload, it communicates to the workload resource to scale back down.

The IBM Blockchain Platform uses Hyperledger Fabric, so when you use the IBM Blockchain Platform you're experiencing that core open source code that makes Hyperledger Fabric so secure.

Explanation

Pay-As-You-Go is created automatically when users register with IBM Cloud, receives basic support, and gives a $200 credit to use on IBM Cloud.

IBM Cloud® Internet Services Edge functions allow you to create or modify existing applications, without having to configure or maintain infrastructure, by using a serverless execution environment. Edge functions run on CIS edge servers, not in the user’s browser. That means you can trust that your code runs in a trusted environment where it cannot be bypassed by malicious clients. It also means that the user does not need to be using a modern browser that supports service workers – you can even intercept requests from API clients that aren't browsers. Edge Functions allows you to run code closer to users of your public-facing applications or websites. In turn, you can improve your application's performance and reduce latency. This means you can quickly create new applications or modify existing ones without having to configure or maintain infrastructure via our serverless execution environment. Once a new application is deployed or an existing application is modified, it takes us ~15 seconds to get the changes distributed globally to our 180+ PoPs worldwide.

Broad network access : describes access to services over the network using a Web browser and standard interfaces from any location with a variety of devices including desktop, laptop, and tablet computers.

We have two option to view billing information - monthly overview and specific service.

Cloud is a metaphor for the internet based on the basic cloud drawing used to represent the telephone network. [Exam Tips] : On-demand self-service is an essential characteristic of cloud computing.

etcd is an open source distributed key-value store used to hold and manage the critical information that distributed systems need to keep running. etcd’s performance is heavily dependent upon storage disk speed, so it’s highly recommended to use SSDs in etcd environments. Redis (for REmote DIctionary Server) is an open-source, in-memory, NoSQL key-value store that is used primarily as an application cache or quick-response database. Redis supports multiple data structures, built-in Lua scripting, multiple levels of on-disk persistence, and high availability. Redis is an in-memory data store and can function as a database, cache, or message broker. In-Correct Answers : MongoDB is an open source, non-relational database management system that uses flexible documents to process and store various forms of data. A NoSQL solution, MongoDB provides an elastic data model that enables users to store and query multivariate data types with ease. This not only simplifies database management for developers but also creates a highly scalable environment for applications and services. MongoDB uses documents or collections of documents as its basic unit of data. Formatted as JSON objects, these documents can store various types of data and be distributed across multiple systems. MongoDB offers a few capabilities that make it stand out from other database management systems, including load balancing, ad hoc database queries, and multi-language support. PostgreSQL, commonly pronounced “Post-GRES,” is an open-source database that has a strong reputation for its reliability, flexibility, and support of open technical standards. PostgreSQL provides the ability to restore databases to a specific moment in time because it maintains a write-ahead log that logs every database change. PostgreSQL features built-in support for multiple procedural languages.

Containers are executable units of software in which application code is packaged, along with its libraries and dependencies, in common ways so that it can be run anywhere, whether it be on desktop, traditional IT, or the cloud. Containers can be run from anywhere -- in the public cloud, private cloud, or even on your laptop. Each container packages an application and all the dependencies needed to run it.

IBM Cloud® has three main types of accounts mentioned below : Lite Account : IBM Cloud® Lite Account to access to over 40 services at free of cost, There is No credit card required, and the account never expires. Pay-as-You-Go: IBM Cloud® Pay-As-You-Go account, you can access the full IBM Cloud catalog, including all Free and Lite plans. You pay only for billable services that you use, no long-term commitment required, You will get bill monthly based on your usages. Subscription accounts : IBM Cloud® Subscription accounts offer many of the same benefits as Pay-As-You-Go accounts, including access to the full IBM Cloud catalog and the ability to create multiple resource groups. In addition, Subscription accounts provide discounts for platform services and support and more consistent billing through subscriptions. Exam Tips : You can expect few questions in exam from IBM Cloud® account type. Remember : Lite account is free, no credit card required , and allow free access to 40 services. Pay-as-You-Go is billing utility model, where you have to pay bill monthly. Subscription accounts offer discount, available for enterprises, and required long term commitment

Microservices architecture is an approach in which a single application is composed of many loosely coupled and independently deployable smaller services.

Bare Metal provides dedicated hardware and is popular with gaming providers due to their bandwidth provision and high-level performance.

Multi Cloud is a combination of two or more cloud services from different cloud providers. In-Correct Answers : Private Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Community Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Public Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. Hybrid Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).