C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

UI layout is defined with @UI annotations; it is recommended to maintain the UI annotations in metadata extensions to separate concerns and keep CDS clean.

Metadata extensions provide CDS annotations (such as @UI) outside the data definition and allow layered, switchable UI metadata.

In the RAP tutorial, the “Adding UI Metadata to the Data Model” section explicitly instructs creating metadata extensions for projection views to control the presentation (line items, identification, hidden fields, search, text arrangement). Therefore, the RAP artifact used to organize how fields are displayed in the app is the Metadata Extension.

class_setup( )

setup( )

teardown( )

class_teardown( )

ABAP Unit Test framework defines a fixed sequence for test fixture methods to ensure reliable test execution and cleanup:

class_setup( ):Called once before any tests in the test class are run. Used to prepare global test data or setup that applies to all tests.

setup( ):Called before each individual test method to prepare local test data or preconditions.

teardown( ):Called after each individual test method to clean up what was done in setup( ).

class_teardown( ):Called once after all tests have been executed to clean up class-level resources.

This sequence supports isolation and repeatability of test executions, ensuring that one test's result does not influence another’s.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP, structure component access uses the hyphen (-): structure-component. The other tokens are used for different purposes: -> for object reference attributes, => for static components, and / is not a field selector in ABAP.

ABAP Cloud stresses typed APIs and static checks, ensuring misuse of component selectors is caught early; correct structure access with - is part of the enforced style.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In a CDS view entity defined AS SELECT FROM, the association ON condition must use the source aliases defined in the FROM clause.

$projection is used in projection views (AS PROJECTION ON …), not in a basic select view entity. Therefore, options using $projection (B, C) are invalid here.

Using global names (Z_SOURCE1, Z_SOURCE2) in the ON (A) ignores the declared aliases and is not the recommended/valid form within the view definition.

The correct ON clause uses the aliases _Source1 and Source2 with the matching key fields:ON _Source1.carrier_id = Source2.carrier_id (D).

This aligns with CDS modeling rules in RAP: use aliases consistently and model associations with precise ON conditions based on keys.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development—Associations & ON conditions; RAP Data Modeling.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud projects, structural changes to persisted artifacts must respect upgrade-safe contracts. Changes that alter the physical layout of a table (removing a column that comes via an included structure, or shortening the length of a column by changing its domain) lead to a database conversion because data type/column layout changes must be reconciled on the DB. While our RAP/CDS guides focus on modeling and service exposure, they emphasize strict, typed modeling and upgrade stability—any structural change that affects persistence is subject to strict checks and lifecycle handling.

By contrast, field labels (texts) do not change the physical table layout and thus don’t require a conversion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Tier 1 extensibility in ABAP Cloud corresponds to the safe and upgrade-stable extension layer.

Adding custom fields to released DB tables or CDS views via released extension includes is fully supported.

Using classic user exits (A), manual note corrections (C), or wrappers for unreleased APIs (D) belong to Tier 2 or Tier 3, and are not part of Tier 1 safe extensibility.

This guarantees that custom code in Tier 1 is cloud-ready, upgrade-stable, and based only on released extension points and APIs.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model – Three-Tier Extensibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In CDS UNION, field names and positions must match exactly across all SELECT statements.

In this case, the first SELECT uses id, while the second uses agencynum AS id, which is fine. However, the literal 'Customer' AS partner and 'Agency' AS partner create inconsistencies.

SAP CDS guidelines specify that for a UNION, field names must be identical and aligned in order; mismatches cause an activation error.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development User Guide – Union Compatibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In RAP/ABAP Cloud, authorization objects define authorizations for roles and are invoked from CDS (read) and behavior (modify). This ties app operations to authorization objects and roles administered in IAM.

RAP services are exposed for Fiori apps via service bindings; the resulting Fiori app uses the service and its enforcement (which includes the authorization objects configured for roles). Putting it together for S/4HANA Cloud IAM: Apps carry/trigger checks based on authorization objects; Business Catalogs collect apps; Business Roles collect catalogs; Business Users are assigned roles. This aligns with the ABAP Cloud guidance that authorizations are grouped into roles and checked against authorization objects during access.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize expression-based coding, and REDUCE is a key reduction expression. The code above defines an accumulator (h_structure_variable) and iterates over an internal table (source_itab) with FOR … IN …, so a loop over the source table is created (D). In each iteration, fields are accumulated and, when the expression finishes, the final accumulator value is returned and assigned to structure_variable. With compatible structured types, components are copied name-by-name (C).

In ABAP Cloud, the language is explicitly described as “aligned and extended to support RAP … The application developer uses typed APIs … and benefits from static code checks.” This underpins the use of typed, expression-based constructs like REDUCE for safe, declarative logic.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The FIND function in ABAP searches for a substring (sub) inside a string (val) and returns the offset (position) if found, or 0 if not found.

Let’s evaluate Option A:

find( val = 'FIND Found found' sub = 'F' occ = -2 CASE = abap_true )

occ = -2: Searches for the second-last occurrence.

CASE = abap_true: Enforces case-sensitive search.

The string contains:

'FIND' → matches 'F' (1st occurrence)

'Found' → matches 'F' (2nd occurrence)

'found' → does not match because of lowercase 'f' and case-sensitive flag.

So, valid case-sensitive matches for 'F' are:

1st: 'FIND'

2nd: 'Found'

Thus, the second-last occurrence is 'FIND'.

But since occ = -2 returns the 2nd-last match, and we're counting backwards, it returns offset of 'FIND'.

Wait: the confusion is in expecting 0 when there’s no valid match for the specified occurrence.

But actually:

Option A does return 0 because occ = -2 expects at least 2 valid case-sensitive matches, and:

'Found' contains 'F' → match

'FIND' contains 'F' → match

So there are two matches.

BUT, occ = -2 is a reverse index.

First-last: 'Found'

Second-last: 'FIND'

It should return match offset for 'FIND' = 1 (NOT 0)

So, correction: A does NOT return 0.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, the Projection View is designed to expose only the fields relevant for a specific app, keeping the UI lean and controlled.

Metadata extension → adds UI-related metadata, not fields.

Database view → technical representation, not app-specific.

Data model view → defines the data structure, not app-specific projection.

Verified by RAP documentation: Projection views are application-specific representations of the underlying data model.

Study Guide Reference: SAP RAP Help – Business Object Projection Layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Tier 1 (cloud-ready) extensions “follow ABAP Cloud rules and hence by default can only access the public SAP interfaces (objects released for cloud development).” This directly supports using released APIs (C) and cloud-enabled/released technologies (D).

The three-tier extensibility model separates safe cloud extensions (Tier 1) from classic code; Tier 2 wrappers exist only to mitigate missing public APIs, but they are not the recommended pattern for S/4HANA Cloud public-edition extensions (therefore B is not a rule).

In S/4HANA Cloud, object changes are not allowed; instead, customers must use predefined extension points (E)—for example, whitelisted extension includes, released BAdIs, or CDS extension points exposed for cloud usage—consistent with the ABAP Cloud principle of public, released artifacts only. (This is the prescribed approach in the ABAP Cloud extensibility guidance that accompanies the three-tier model.)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud/RAP examples, test classes are created inside the development object (e.g., inside the behavior implementation) and are marked FOR TESTING—these are local classes (they live in the program/class include, not as separate global repository classes). The guides show creating test classes under the Test Classes tab and referencing the Local Types section of the implementation (friends etc.), i.e., local to the program/object.

This contrasts with global classes that exist as standalone repository objects; the RAP test patterns explicitly model the former (local) for unit tests within the object’s context.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A. Valid: A CATCH block can list multiple exception classes separated by |.

B. Wrong: CLEANUP is not a catch mechanism; it executes after try/catch, regardless of exception, but does not handle exceptions.

C. Wrong: Only the first matching CATCH executes, not all.

D. Valid: A superclass exception handler can catch its subclasses.

E. Valid: Best practice is to order CATCH blocks from most specific → most general.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Keyword Documentation – TRY … CATCH … CLEANUP.

 Database table

 Data model view

 Projection view

 Service definition

 Service binding

In RAP, the development flow follows a bottom-up approach, beginning with persistence and ending with OData exposure:

Database table:The persistence layer where data is stored. This is the foundation of the business object model.

Data model view (CDS entity):The CDS view is defined on top of the database table to provide a semantic data model. It represents entities like Travel or Booking.

Projection view:Provides an abstraction of the data model view and controls which fields and associations are exposed externally.

Service definition:Specifies which projection views (entities) are exposed in the OData service.

Service binding:Connects the service definition to a communication protocol (e.g., OData V2 or V4), generating the final consumable service endpoint.

This sequence ensures a layered architecture consistent with RAP guidelines:

Persistence layer → Data model layer → Projection layer → Service layer → Binding to protocol.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP, when calculating the difference between two date fields (type DATS), the result is directly a type i (integer) representing the difference in days.

Statement B is correct:

data(gv_diff_days) = gs_booking-flight_date - gs_booking-order_date.

This directly subtracts two DATS fields, resulting in an integer value for the number of days difference. No conversion is necessary.

Statements A and D are incorrect because the conv d( ... ) attempts to convert the result back to a DATS type, which is invalid since the result is an integer (number of days), not a date.

Statement C is syntactically correct but would produce the negative of the desired value (flight date - order date). It is semantically incorrect for the use case.

This approach is consistent with ABAP for Cloud Development, which requires explicit typing, and ABAP language version strict mode, where automatic type inference is restricted.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud, translation is supported for:

Data element texts (short, medium, long descriptions).

Message class texts (used in MESSAGE statements).

Text symbols (defined in programs).

Not translatable:

String variables → runtime values, no translation.

Text literals → hard-coded, not translatable via translation tools.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Documentation – Text Elements and Translation in ABAP Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Extensions in SAP S/4HANA Cloud must follow the ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model.

Use released APIs (D) → Only released and whitelisted APIs are permitted.

Use predefined extension points (B) → Extensions can only be made where SAP has defined extension includes or APIs.

Build at UX layer (A) and Use CI/CD pipelines (C) are good practices but not mandatory extension rules.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Extension Guide – Extensibility Rules for Public Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Behavior Definition (BDEF) is where read-only, mandatory, and transactional rules are enforced across all RAP applications.

Projection view → restricts fields per app, not globally.

Metadata extension → UI annotations only.

Service definition → defines exposure, not behavior.

Therefore, setting field read-only in the behavior definition enforces it globally across all RAP BO usages.

Study Guide Reference: RAP Development Guide – Behavior Definitions and Field Control.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP, object references must be declared with TYPE REF TO <class>.

Option D is correct: DATA lo_vehicle TYPE REF TO cl_vehicle. creates a reference variable.

Option A → Incorrect, TYPES defines a type, not a variable.

Option B → Syntax error, correct keyword is REF TO, not REF OF.

Option C → Invalid, LIKE REF is not supported in ABAP.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide – Reference Variable Declarations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The requirement is:

Retrieve all carriers from T_CARRIER

Include them even if no corresponding connections exist in T_CONNECTIONS.

Evaluation of each join type:

A. INNER JOIN:Only returns rows where a carrier has at least one matching connection.❌ Incorrect, since carriers without connections would be excluded.

B. LEFT OUTER JOIN (correct):Returns all rows from the left table (T_CARRIER), and connections if they exist.Missing connections are represented with NULL.✔ Correct answer.

C. LEFT INNER JOIN:This is syntactically invalid in ABAP SQL. INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN are separate join types, not combined.❌ Incorrect.

D. RIGHT OUTER JOIN (correct):Equivalent to LEFT OUTER JOIN when the tables are reversed.Returns all rows from T_CARRIER, whether or not connections exist.✔ Correct answer.

Thus, LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN are the valid solutions to retrieve all carriers regardless of connections.