C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Sorted tables:

Full key lookup uses a binary search → efficient (A).

Left-aligned partial key lookup also benefits from sort order to find ranges efficiently (C).

Hashed tables:

Require the complete key for O(1) access; partial key is not supported. Hence (E) is correct and (D) is not.

Standard tables:

Have no inherent ordering/index for key-based access; specifying a key (even partially) results in linear search unless you maintain sort and specify BINARY SEARCH explicitly, which still doesn’t change the fundamental case in this question; thus (B) is not considered a faster pattern here.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Programming—Internal Tables (standard/sorted/hashed) performance characteristics.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, database tables are only extendable if SAP has explicitly enabled extensibility for them via metadata. This is a strict limitation in the ABAP Cloud model to ensure upgrade-stability and isolation of extensions from SAP-owned objects.

Key facts:

The annotation @AbapCatalog.dataMaintenance : #RESTRICTED implies that this table is not editable or extensible by default.

The table resides in a delivered component and unless SAP marks it as extensible, customers cannot add fields like zz_countrycode.

Even if the table is in an ABAP Cloud-compliant software component, extensibility must be explicitly enabled by SAP.

Therefore, Option B is the only correct and valid answer.

Incorrect options:

Option A and D are wrong because extensibility is not determined by the software component type alone.

Option C is wrong because customers cannot enable extensibility for SAP-delivered tables; it must be pre-approved by SAP.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A DATS field is stored as YYYYMMDD.

Option A: substring( flight_date, 5, 2 ) → Extracts characters 5–6 → correct month.

Option B: right( left( flight_date, 6 ), 2 ) → Takes first 6 chars YYYYMM, then last 2 → correct month.

Option C: Wrong, extracts last 2 chars of MMDD, results in day not month.

Option D: Wrong, starts at 4 → gives YM instead of MM.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – String Functions in CDS.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An interface reference (go_if1) can point to any object of a class that implements that interface. Therefore, creating an instance with NEW cl1( … ) and directly assigning it to the interface-typed variable is valid (A).

Type inference with NEW #( … ) cannot infer a class from an interface-typed target (no unique implementing class), so (B) is invalid.

An interface reference exposes only the interface’s methods; it cannot call class-specific methods (so (C) is invalid).

Calling interface method m1 via the interface reference is valid (D).

From the class reference, the interface method can be called (implicitly or explicitly qualified) as go_cl1->if1~m1( … ) (E).

This reflects ABAP OO rules in ABAP Cloud (method visibility via static type, interface implementation, and explicit interface method calls).

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects—Interfaces & Class Constructors; ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer—OO fundamentals.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP SQL, the handling of arithmetic operations — especially division — is handled with care for data types and precision. Here’s how each applies:

B. Numeric function division(numerator, denominator, decimal places) accepts decimal inputThis is correct. The division function is designed for decimal-based calculations, where precision control is needed via the third parameter (number of decimal places). It supports packed numbers (DEC).

C. Numeric function div(numerator, denominator) expects only integer inputThis is correct. The div function is an integer division operator, returning an integer result and only accepts integers as input types.

E. Numeric function division(numerator, denominator, decimal places) accepts floating point inputThis is correct. In addition to decimals, division() can also work with floating point types (FLTP), enabling flexible division where decimals are not sufficient.

A. The division operator “/” accepts decimal inputThis is incorrect in the context of ABAP SQL. The / operator is not available as a built-in operator in Open SQL; arithmetic operations like this are not supported with native operators — only via functions.

D. The division operator “/” accepts floating point inputAgain, this is incorrect, as / is not valid syntax in ABAP SQL queries. Only built-in functions like div or division are supported in the CDS/Open SQL layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Tier 1 extensibility in ABAP Cloud corresponds to the safe and upgrade-stable extension layer.

Adding custom fields to released DB tables or CDS views via released extension includes is fully supported.

Using classic user exits (A), manual note corrections (C), or wrappers for unreleased APIs (D) belong to Tier 2 or Tier 3, and are not part of Tier 1 safe extensibility.

This guarantees that custom code in Tier 1 is cloud-ready, upgrade-stable, and based only on released extension points and APIs.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model – Three-Tier Extensibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, validations, determinations, and actions are implemented inside the local handler class (lhc_...) of the behavior pool.

Global classes are not used directly for RAP BO logic, only for reusable utilities.

Functions or subroutines are not cloud-compliant for RAP implementation.

Thus, validation code always resides in the local handler class inside the RAP behavior pool.

Study Guide Reference: RAP Development Guide – Validations in Behavior Implementation.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

With @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE, the system field sy-langu is automatically supplied as a default value for the parameter.

This works both in ABAP and in view-on-view scenarios (A).

Developers can still override this value when calling the view explicitly (B).

Options C and D are incorrect: system fields are not limited to ABAP only, and overriding is allowed.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – System Fields in View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP Open SQL allows CAST( … AS … ) to SQL/Dictionary-compatible types such as CHAR(n) and DEC(p,s), which are valid (A, D).

ABAP numeric integer target is accepted as I in Open SQL casting context on recent ABAP platform levels (E).

N(8) is not a valid SQL cast target (NUMC is an ABAP elementary type, not an SQL cast target), and plain INT8 (without the ABAP type namespace form) is not a generally valid SQL type literal in Open SQL (so B and C are rejected on standard ABAP Cloud systems).

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize pushdown with typed SQL expressions and strict static checks; only released, database-compatible types are permitted in CAST, enforced by the language and static checks.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, the Projection View is designed to expose only the fields relevant for a specific app, keeping the UI lean and controlled.

Metadata extension → adds UI-related metadata, not fields.

Database view → technical representation, not app-specific.

Data model view → defines the data structure, not app-specific projection.

Verified by RAP documentation: Projection views are application-specific representations of the underlying data model.

Study Guide Reference: SAP RAP Help – Business Object Projection Layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

ABAP Cloud rules are enforced by:

ABAP Compiler → performs syntax checks against ABAP Cloud rules.

ABAP Runtime Checks → ensure runtime compliance with rules (e.g., avoiding calls to unreleased APIs).

Release contracts and platform reuse services are enablers but do not enforce rules automatically.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Documentation – Rule Enforcement via Compiler and Runtime.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In a CDS view entity defined AS SELECT FROM, the association ON condition must use the source aliases defined in the FROM clause.

$projection is used in projection views (AS PROJECTION ON …), not in a basic select view entity. Therefore, options using $projection (B, C) are invalid here.

Using global names (Z_SOURCE1, Z_SOURCE2) in the ON (A) ignores the declared aliases and is not the recommended/valid form within the view definition.

The correct ON clause uses the aliases _Source1 and Source2 with the matching key fields:ON _Source1.carrier_id = Source2.carrier_id (D).

This aligns with CDS modeling rules in RAP: use aliases consistently and model associations with precise ON conditions based on keys.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development—Associations & ON conditions; RAP Data Modeling.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud projects, structural changes to persisted artifacts must respect upgrade-safe contracts. Changes that alter the physical layout of a table (removing a column that comes via an included structure, or shortening the length of a column by changing its domain) lead to a database conversion because data type/column layout changes must be reconciled on the DB. While our RAP/CDS guides focus on modeling and service exposure, they emphasize strict, typed modeling and upgrade stability—any structural change that affects persistence is subject to strict checks and lifecycle handling.

By contrast, field labels (texts) do not change the physical table layout and thus don’t require a conversion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Modern ABAP encourages well-structured OO patterns under ABAP for Cloud Development, with static checks and typed APIs. A singleton is realized by:

Preventing external instantiation (CREATE PRIVATE).

Holding a static reference attribute to the single instance.

Providing a public static factory (get_instance) that returns the single instance.This aligns with the ABAP Cloud guidance on architecture-driven, upgrade-stable design (strict language, typed APIs, static checks).

(C) is wrong: the factory method must be public so callers can get the instance.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A. Automatic execution → ✅ A constructor (CONSTRUCTOR) is automatically invoked when an instance of a class is created.

B. Importing parameters → ✅ Constructors can have importing parameters to initialize the object with values.

C. First method called by client → ❌ Not correct, because constructors are called by the system, not the client explicitly.

D. Returning parameters → ❌ Constructors cannot return values; they only set up the object.

This behavior is consistent across ABAP Cloud OOP classes, ensuring encapsulated initialization logic.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Guide – Class Constructors and Instance Constructors.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

The ABAP DATA statement declares a variable with an assigned type.

A. Private type in the same class (ZCL_CLASS_A) → ✅ Allowed. A class can use its own local type definitions, declared using TYPES.

B. Domain from ABAP Dictionary → ❌ Not allowed directly. Domains define technical attributes but cannot be referenced directly in DATA; they must be wrapped in a data element.

C. Type defined privately in another class → ❌ Not accessible, since private definitions are encapsulated.

D. Data element from ABAP Dictionary → ✅ Allowed, because data elements are global dictionary objects.

This follows ABAP Cloud extensibility rules, ensuring encapsulation and strict typing.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Dictionary Development Guide, ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Learning Material (Variable Typing and Encapsulation).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Let’s evaluate each field:

field1: Defined as REFERENCE TO abap.clnt(3) — this is correct. It follows standard definition for client fields.

field2: Defined as abap.char(1332) — this is incorrect. In ABAP CDS view entities, the maximum length for CHAR fields is limited to 1333 bytes total row size for all fields in a view or table. A single CHAR(1332) is almost the full limit and considered impractical or invalid in real implementations.

field3: Defined as abap.quan(2) — this is correct, representing a quantity field with 2 decimal places.

field4: Defined as abap.unit(2) — this is correct and compatible with the @Semantics.quantity.unitOfMeasure annotation used in field3.

Therefore, field2 is the invalid field due to its excessive length, likely breaching the allowable memory layout in the HANA table or violating SAP CDS limits.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, changes to business object data are performed using Entity Manipulation Language (EML).

It provides ABAP statements such as READ ENTITIES, MODIFY ENTITIES, CREATE, and DELETE for RAP BOs.

EML is the cloud-compliant equivalent of SQL DML (insert/update/delete) but tailored to RAP’s transactional consistency.

Verified Study Guide Reference: RAP Programming Model – Entity Manipulation Language (EML).

 Database table

 Data model view

 Projection view

 Service definition

 Service binding

In RAP, the development flow follows a bottom-up approach, beginning with persistence and ending with OData exposure:

Database table:The persistence layer where data is stored. This is the foundation of the business object model.

Data model view (CDS entity):The CDS view is defined on top of the database table to provide a semantic data model. It represents entities like Travel or Booking.

Projection view:Provides an abstraction of the data model view and controls which fields and associations are exposed externally.

Service definition:Specifies which projection views (entities) are exposed in the OData service.

Service binding:Connects the service definition to a communication protocol (e.g., OData V2 or V4), generating the final consumable service endpoint.

This sequence ensures a layered architecture consistent with RAP guidelines:

Persistence layer → Data model layer → Projection layer → Service layer → Binding to protocol.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

CDS view parameters must be defined with types that are visible in the ABAP Dictionary.

A. Built-in ABAP Dictionary type → ✅ Supported (e.g., CURR, CHAR).

D. Data element → ✅ Supported, as data elements are dictionary-level types.

B. Built-in ABAP type (like i, string) → ❌ Not supported directly, CDS requires dictionary-compatible types.

C. Component of a structure → ❌ Not supported directly; parameters cannot reference structure components.

This ensures that CDS definitions remain database-compatible and semantically rich, which is critical for RAP services.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development Guide – Defining View Parameters.

class_setup( )

setup( )

teardown( )

class_teardown( )

ABAP Unit Test framework defines a fixed sequence for test fixture methods to ensure reliable test execution and cleanup:

class_setup( ):Called once before any tests in the test class are run. Used to prepare global test data or setup that applies to all tests.

setup( ):Called before each individual test method to prepare local test data or preconditions.

teardown( ):Called after each individual test method to clean up what was done in setup( ).

class_teardown( ):Called once after all tests have been executed to clean up class-level resources.

This sequence supports isolation and repeatability of test executions, ensuring that one test's result does not influence another’s.