CloudSec-Pro Palo Alto Networks Cloud Security Professional Questions and Answers

In Prisma Cloud, configuration policies are categorized to align with the different phases of the cloud security lifecycle, emphasizing a holistic approach to cloud security management. The subtypes "Build and Run" encapsulate this approach by covering both the development phase (Build) - where cloud resources and applications are designed and created, and the operational phase (Run) - where these resources and applications are deployed and actively used. This categorization ensures that security and compliance are integral throughout the lifecycle, from the initial creation of cloud infrastructure and applications to their deployment and day-to-day operation, thereby enhancing the overall security posture.

In the context of calculating net effective permissions for a resource in AWS, IPTables firewall rule is not used. Net effective permissions in AWS are determined by evaluating various AWS-specific mechanisms such as IAM policies, permission boundaries, and service control policies (SCPs). IAM policies define what actions are allowed or denied for various AWS resources. Permission boundaries provide a way to delegate administration for IAM entities, setting the maximum permissions that an IAM entity can have. SCPs are part of AWS Organizations and allow for central control over the maximum available permissions for all accounts within an organization. IPTables, on the other hand, is a Linux-based application for setting up firewall rules on individual hosts and is not directly related to AWS resource permissions. Therefore, IPTables firewall rules are not considered when calculating net effective permissions in AWS, making option C the correct answer.

B --> Anomaly Trusted List—Exclude trusted IP addresses when conducting tests for PCI compliance or penetration testing on your network. Any addresses included in this list do not generate alerts against the Prisma Cloud Anomaly Policies that detect unusual network activity such as the policies that detect internal port scan and port sweep activity, which are enabled by default. C --> Trusted Alert IP Addresses—If you have internal networks that connect to your public cloud infrastructure, you can add these IP address ranges (or CIDR blocks) as trusted ... Prisma Cloud default network policies that look for internet exposed instances also do not generate alerts when the source IP address is included in the trusted IP address list and the account hijacking anomaly policy filters out activities from known IP addresses. Also, when you use RQL to query network traffic, you can filter out traffic from known networks that are included in the trusted IP address list.

For a customer who does not want alerts to be generated from network traffic originating from trusted internal networks, the appropriate setting is C. Trusted Alert IP Addresses. This setting allows for specifying certain IP addresses as trusted, meaning alerts will not be triggered by activities from these IPs, ensuring that internal network traffic is not flagged as potentially malicious.

By default Prisma Cloud listens on: 8083 HTTPS management port for access to Console. 8084 WSS port for Defender to Console communication.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/19-11/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/install/install_kubernetes

Log in to your Okta administrator panel.

Add an administrator role.

Generate an API token.

Configure Okta with Prisma Cloud.

Run the IAM queries for Okta.

When integrating Okta with Prisma Cloud, especially in the context of Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM) or Single Sign-On (SSO) integration, the process must be conducted in a sequence that establishes the necessary permissions and configurations for successful integration.

The first step is to log in to the Okta administrator panel. This is where you will manage your Okta settings and begin the integration process.

Once logged in, the next step is to add an administrator role. This involves assigning a role within Okta that has the appropriate permissions to create and manage API tokens and to perform integration tasks.

After setting up the correct administrative role, the third step is to generate an API token. This token will be used to authenticate the communications between Okta and Prisma Cloud. The API token acts as a secure method of verifying that requests made to Prisma Cloud are authorized.

With the API token generated, the fourth step is to configure Okta with Prisma Cloud. This step typically involves entering the API token into Prisma Cloud and setting up the necessary configurations within Prisma Cloud to recognize and accept authentication requests from Okta.

The final step is to run the Identity and Access Management (IAM) queries for Okta within Prisma Cloud. This step is crucial for CIEM, as it allows Prisma Cloud to query Okta for identity information, user roles, and entitlements, ensuring that the correct permissions are enforced across the cloud environment and that SSO is functioning correctly.

Following these steps in order will ensure that Okta is properly integrated with Prisma Cloud, providing a secure and efficient method for managing cloud access and entitlements.

When setting up Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud on the Identity Provider (IdP) side, it is essential to configure the Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) URL and the Service Provider (SP) Entity ID. The ACS URL is the endpoint to which the IdP will send the SAML assertion, and the SP Entity ID is a unique identifier for the service provider that often resembles a URL but does not necessarily point to a location. These elements are crucial for establishing the trust relationship between the IdP and the service provider, enabling secure user authentication and authorization.

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

To protect the pods hosting a web front end from Layer 7 attacks, the development team should create a Web Application and API Security (WAAS) rule targeted at the image name of the pods. This approach allows the policy to specifically protect the applications running within the pods against sophisticated attacks that target the application layer.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/deploy_waas

Under Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) bot protection in Prisma Cloud, unknown bots are categorized based on their behavior and characteristics. Web scrapers and HTTP libraries fall into the category of unknown bots. Web scrapers are automated scripts or programs that extract data from websites, often without permission, while HTTP libraries are tools used for making HTTP requests. Both can be used benignly but may also be employed in malicious activities, hence their classification as unknown bots requiring further analysis.

To investigate the runtime aspects of a potential data exfiltration attempt, the SecOps lead in Prisma Cloud Compute should focus on areas that provide insights into runtime activity and potential threats. C. The SecOps lead should use the Incident Explorer page and Monitor > Events > Container Audits. These sections provide detailed information on security incidents and container-level activities, enabling a thorough investigation into the runtime behavior that might indicate a security issue.

To create a network exposure policy that identifies instances accessible from any untrusted internet sources, a SecOps engineer would need to navigate to the Policy section within Prisma Cloud and add a new policy of the Config type. They would define the details of the policy such as the name and severity level and then configure the RQL query to specify conditions that match instances accessible from untrusted internet sources. The RQL query provided in the answer specifies that the source of the network traffic should be from an untrusted internet and that the destination resource should be an instance in the AWS cloud. After defining the compliance standards and providing recommendations for remediation, the policy can be saved to be enforced within the environment.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/prisma-cloud-alert-notifications

When the Console is unreachable during upgrades, Defenders continue to alert and enforce using the policies and settings most recently cached before the upgrade (option D). This behavior ensures that security enforcement remains active and consistent, even when the central management console is temporarily unavailable. The cached policies enable Defenders to maintain the security posture based on the last known configuration, ensuring continuous protection against threats and compliance with established security policies. This approach reflects Prisma Cloud's design principle of ensuring uninterrupted security enforcement, thereby safeguarding the environment against potential vulnerabilities during maintenance periods.

To ingest host findings and generate alerts in Prisma Cloud, integrations with Tenable (B) and Qualys (D) are supported. These integrations allow Prisma Cloud to ingest vulnerability and compliance data from Tenable and Qualys, which are renowned vulnerability management solutions. By integrating these tools, Prisma Cloud can enhance its visibility into the security posture of hosts within the cloud environment, enabling more comprehensive threat detection and response capabilities. The integration facilitates the aggregation and correlation of findings from these external sources, enriching the overall security intelligence and enabling more informed and timely decision-making regarding threat mitigation and compliance management.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/configure-external-integrations-on-prisma-cloud/integrations-feature-support

In the context of Prisma Cloud, the policy type that is specifically designed to detect unusual activities, such as port scanning, within a customer's environment is classified under "Anomaly." Anomaly-based policies leverage advanced analytics and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and behaviors that deviate from the norm, which could indicate potential security threats like port scanning attempts. By detecting such anomalies, these policies help organizations proactively identify and respond to potential reconnaissance activities by attackers seeking to discover open ports and vulnerable services.

In the SecOps dashboard of a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, filters such as Time range and Account Groups are essential for narrowing down the data or security alerts based on specific time periods or organizational structures. The Time range filter allows users to view incidents or compliance data for a particular timeframe, facilitating trend analysis and focusing on recent events. The Account Groups filter enables the segregation of data based on different cloud accounts or organizational units, making it easier for security teams to manage and prioritize security tasks according to the business structure or cloud architecture.

POST https://api.prismacloud.io/login

GET https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys

PATCH https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys/ /status/

To write a script that automatically deactivates access keys that have not been used for 30 days, an administrator would need to follow an ordered sequence of API calls to the Prisma Cloud platform.

The first API call must authenticate the script with the Prisma Cloud API, which is typically done using a POST request to the login endpoint. This step is necessary to establish a session and retrieve an authentication token required for subsequent API calls.

Once the script is authenticated, the next call is a GET request to the access_keys endpoint. This retrieves a list of all access keys within the environment. The script can then parse through these keys to determine which ones have not been used within the specified timeframe of 30 days.

For each access key that meets the criteria (unused for 30 days), the script must send a PATCH request to the specific access key's endpoint, which includes the access key ID and the desired status. This request will change the status of the access key to 'inactive' or a similar status that denotes deactivation.

Following this ordered sequence ensures that the script systematically authenticates, evaluates, and updates the status of access keys based on their usage, thereby maintaining security and compliance within the Prisma Cloud environment.

In Prisma Cloud, runtime rules are created to monitor and control the behavior of applications and services during their execution to ensure compliance with security policies. The three types of runtime rules that can be created in Prisma Cloud are:

Processes: These rules monitor and control the execution of processes within the environment. They can be used to detect unauthorized or malicious processes and take actions such as alerting, blocking, or terminating the processes.

Network-outgoing: These rules govern the outbound network connections from the applications or containers. They help in controlling access to external resources, preventing data exfiltration, and ensuring that the communication complies with the security policies.

Filesystem: Filesystem rules are related to the access and modification of the file system by applications or containers. These rules can help in detecting unauthorized access, changes to sensitive files, and ensuring that the applications adhere to the least privilege principle in terms of file access.

These runtime rules are essential for maintaining the security and integrity of applications running in cloud environments, especially in dynamic and distributed architectures where traditional perimeter-based security controls may not be sufficient.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance Add Compliance Standard https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance/complianceld/requirement Add Compliance Requirement https://api.prismacloud.io/compliance/requirementld/section Add Compliance Requirement Section https://pan.dev/prisma-cloud/api/cspm/get-all-standards/

In Prisma Cloud, policies set under "Defend > Vulnerability > Images > Deployed" are specifically designed to apply at runtime, i.e., when a container is instantiated from an image. This ensures that any image, regardless of its point of origin or creation time, is evaluated against the defined vulnerability policies at the time it is deployed as a container in the environment. This runtime enforcement is crucial for catching vulnerabilities that may not have been present or detected during the image build phase, providing an additional layer of security for running applications​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/vuln_management_rules

1 -Create Stack

2 - Ener SNS Topic in Cloudtrail

3 - Create Cloudtrail with S3 as Storage

4 - Enter RoleARN and SNSARN

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/cspm-admin-guide/prisma-cloud-data-security/enable-data-security-module/enable-data-security-for-aws-org-account

The Cloud Security Assessment report is a PDF report that summarizes the risks from open alerts in the monitored cloud accounts for a specific cloud type. The report includes an executive summary and a list of policy violations, including a page with details for each policy that includes the description and the compliance standards that are associated with it, the number of resources that passed and failed the check within the specified time period. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/generate-reports-on-prisma-cloud-alerts

The report that includes an executive summary along with a list of policy violations and detailed pages for each policy is the "Cloud Security Assessment" report. This type of report is designed to provide organizations with a comprehensive overview of their cloud security posture, highlighting both compliance with security policies and areas needing attention.

For a runtime audit generated for a host with a message indicating a service attempting to obtain capability by executing a script, the root cause for this runtime audit is most likely related to D. Default rule that alerts on suspicious runtime behavior. This default rule is designed to flag unusual or potentially harmful activities that could indicate a security risk, prompting further investigation.

Cloud Provisioning Admin (Defender Manager) DevOps team members that need to manage Defender deployments without sysadmin privileges. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/authentication/prisma_cloud_user_roles

Kubernetes, Openshift, ECS https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/install/deploy-defender/orchestrator

Prisma Cloud supports integration with multiple orchestrators to facilitate the deployment of its Defender component in various environments. The supported orchestrators include Red Hat OpenShift, Amazon ECS, and Kubernetes. These platforms are supported because they provide robust environments for container orchestration, allowing Prisma Cloud to efficiently manage security operations across different cloud-native technologies.

To protect pods in an environment from Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks, the development team should create a Container Cloud Native Application Firewall (CNAF) policy. This policy should be targeted at the specific resource (e.g., a particular pod or set of pods), with the option for XSS protection checked, and the action set to "prevent." This configuration ensures that any XSS attacks directed at the targeted containers are effectively blocked.

1) Select Policies 2) Select the policy rule to edit, on 3 Compliance Standards click + and associate the policy with the compliance standard (https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-compliance/create-a-custom-compliance-standard)

Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that provides organizations with guidance on adopting various security capabilities based on their unique needs and the stage they are at in their cloud security journey. It doesn't enforce a fixed pace but rather suggests a tailored path for enhancing security posture, taking into account the organization's specific requirements and the complexity of their cloud environment. The Adoption Advisor supports a broad range of security capabilities, encompassing Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM), Cloud Workload Protection (CWP), Cloud Code Security (CCS), Out-of-Band (OEM), and Data Security. This comprehensive approach ensures that organizations can secure their cloud environments effectively across different phases of the application lifecycle, from development to deployment, and across various cloud resources and services.

The correct RQL query to view users who have sufficient permissions to create security groups within Azure AD and create applications is option D. This query is specifically designed to assess policies within Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) by checking the authorization policy settings related to user default role permissions. The query targets the azure-active-directory-authorization-policy API to fetch configurations (config from cloud.resource) and then filters those configurations based on the JSON rules that dictate whether users are allowed to create security groups (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateSecurityGroups is true) and applications (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateApps is true). This query provides a comprehensive check by ensuring both conditions are met, which is necessary for users to have the combined capabilities of creating security groups and applications within Azure AD.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, the RQL (Resource Query Language) is utilized for querying the configuration state of resources within cloud environments to ensure compliance with security policies. The RQL syntax in option D precisely aligns with the requirements for identifying users with specific permissions, leveraging Prisma Cloud's capability to provide visibility and control over cloud resources, as emphasized in various resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools." These documents highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and validation of cloud resource configurations to maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment, which is effectively achieved through targeted RQL queries like the one in option D.

You can have twistcli generate a detailed report for each scan. The following procedure shows you how to scan an image with twistcli, and then retrieve the results from Console.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/waas_dos_protection

The protection in the runtime rule that would cause the audit message indicating "/bin/ls launched and is explicitly blocked in the runtime rule" is related to "Processes". In container security, a runtime rule set to monitor and restrict processes can block specific executables or commands from running within a container. If the rule is triggered, it indicates that a process that is explicitly denied by the policy attempted to execute, which in this case is the 'ls' command.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/runtime_defense/runtime_audits

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/investigate-incidents-on-prisma-cloud/investigate-config-incidents-on-prisma-cloud

The timestamp on the compliance dashboard in a cloud security context typically reflects the point in time when data from various sources is collected, processed, and then consolidated to present the compliance status or results. This aggregation process involves compiling data from multiple scans, logs, and other compliance-related information to provide a comprehensive overview of the current compliance posture. Therefore, the timestamp usually indicates when this aggregation was completed, ensuring that users are viewing the most up-to-date and relevant compliance information based on the latest data compilation.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-rql-reference/rql-reference/event-query/event-query-examples

Retrieving Prisma Cloud Console images involves accessing a specific registry provided by Palo Alto Networks and authenticating using basic authentication with 'docker login'. Once authenticated, the user can pull the Prisma Cloud Console images using the 'docker pull' command. This process is part of the initial setup for deploying Prisma Cloud Console in an environment, allowing users to obtain the necessary images to run the Console, which serves as the central management interface for Prisma Cloud. The detailed steps, including the specific registry URL and authentication method, are typically provided in the Prisma Cloud documentation, ensuring that users have the information needed to successfully retrieve and deploy Console images.

By default, Defender is configured to communicate with Console on port 8084. If port 8084 is closed, then Defender cannot communicate with Console. https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000PNWXCA4#:~:text=If%20port%208084%20is%20closed%2C%20then%20Defender%20cannot%20communicate%20with%20Console. &text=Resolve%20the%20issue%20by%20setting,%3E%20Load%20Balancer%20%3E%20Defender).

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-iam-security/integrate-prisma-cloud-with-okta

For upgrading Defenders with a Console v20.04 and Kubernetes deployment, the following two options are viable:

C. Remove Defenders, and then deploy the new DaemonSet: This option involves manually removing the existing Defenders and then deploying a new DaemonSet. This method ensures that the Defenders are updated to the latest version without relying on automatic updates12.

D. Let Defenders automatically upgrade: Prisma Cloud provides the capability for Defenders to automatically upgrade themselves. This feature simplifies the upgrade process by eliminating the need for manual intervention3.

Both methods are supported and can be used depending on the organization’s policies and preferences regarding Defender upgrades. The automatic upgrade feature is particularly useful for maintaining up-to-date security without manual oversight, while the manual removal and redeployment of a new DaemonSet can be preferred in environments where more control over the upgrade process is desired123.

Prisma Cloud Code Security is designed to integrate security into the DevOps process by scanning infrastructure as code (IaC) templates and configurations for potential security issues. This proactive approach allows developers and security teams to address misconfigurations and vulnerabilities in the code itself, before they are deployed into the cloud environment and become more challenging to resolve. By identifying and rectifying these issues early in the development lifecycle, organizations can reduce the risk of alerts and incidents arising from misconfigurations in their cloud infrastructure, leading to a more secure and compliant cloud environment.

Both Console’s API and web interfaces, served on port 8083 (HTTPS), require authentication over a different channel with different credentials (e.g. username and password, access key, and so on), none of which Defender holds. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-06/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/technology_overviews/defender_architecture

When you create an access key, the key is tied to the role with which you logged in and if you delete the role, the access key is automatically deleted. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-administrators/create-access-keys

SSH Events in Host Observations within Prisma Cloud focus on activities related to Secure Shell (SSH) usage, which is critical for secure communication and remote management of cloud resources. The elements that are part of SSH Events include the User involved in the SSH session, the Process path that indicates the executable or command invoked during the session, and the Command itself that was executed. These elements are crucial for security monitoring and forensic analysis as they provide detailed context about SSH activities, helping security teams to identify unauthorized access, potential breaches, or malicious activities within their cloud environments. Startup process and System calls, while important in other contexts, are not directly associated with SSH Events in Host Observations.

1. click on compliance standard.

2. add custom compliance standard.

3. edit policies.

4. add compliance standard from drop-down menu

https://docs.prismacloudcompute.com/docs/enterprise_edition/compliance/custom_compliance_checks.html#creating-a-new-custom-check

The process of mapping a policy to a custom compliance standard in a security platform like Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks involves several specific steps. Firstly, one must access the compliance standards, which is typically done by clicking on the "Compliance Standards" section within the platform's interface. This is where all standards, including custom and predefined ones, are listed.

Next, if the custom compliance standard does not already exist, it must be created. This step involves defining the criteria and controls that make up the standard, tailored to the organization's specific requirements.

Once the custom compliance standard is in place, the policy in question needs to be edited. This editing process would involve configuring the policy to align with the compliance controls outlined in the custom standard, ensuring that the policy will enforce or check for the necessary requirements as defined by the standard.

Finally, the last step is to formally associate or map the edited policy with the custom compliance standard. This is typically done by adding the policy to the standard, which may involve selecting the custom compliance standard from a drop-down menu within the policy settings, confirming that this particular policy should be enforced as part of the compliance checks for that standard.

This ordered process ensures that policies are properly aligned with the organization's compliance goals and can be enforced and reported on accurately within the security platform.

The Cloud Discovery feature in Prisma Cloud allows engineers to monitor accounts continuously and report on cloud-native services that are unprotected across different cloud service providers. This feature requires specific permissions to access and assess the cloud environment's configuration and security posture. Thus, the correct answer is D: It enables engineers to continuously monitor all accounts and report on the services that are unprotected.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/compute-admin-guide/cloud-service-providers/cloud-accounts-discovery-pcee

In a Prisma Cloud environment where both agentless scanning and Defender-based scans (Host and Container Defenders) are configured, there is no inherent conflict between these two scanning methods. Both agentless scans and Defender scans are designed to complement each other, providing comprehensive coverage and depth in the security analysis of the environment. Agentless scans offer a broad, less intrusive overview, while Defender scans provide deep, detailed insights into the security posture. Therefore, both types of scans will run concurrently, enhancing the overall security visibility and protection of the environment without disabling or interfering with each other's operations.

The agentless scanning architecture lets you inspect a host and the container images in that host without having to install an agent or affecting its execution. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/agentless-scanning/onboard-accounts

In Prisma Cloud, compliance reports can be generated on a one-time basis or on a recurring schedule. The option for a one-time report allows users to generate a specific report instantly based on the current state of the environment. The recurring option enables users to set up automatic generation of reports at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, to track compliance over time. This functionality ensures continuous compliance monitoring and helps in maintaining security standards across cloud resources.

Prisma Cloud, developed by Palo Alto Networks, is known for its comprehensive cloud security capabilities across various cloud service providers (CSPs). The integration and support extend to major CSPs, including AWS (Amazon Web Services), Azure (Microsoft's Cloud), GCP (Google Cloud Platform), Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. This wide range of support ensures that organizations leveraging multi-cloud environments can maintain consistent security postures across all their cloud assets. The information regarding supported CSPs by Prisma Cloud can typically be found in their official documentation and release notes, which detail the features, integrations, and enhancements specific to each CSP.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/compute-edition/31/admin-guide/configure/disaster-recovery

In scenarios where a backup is created manually before upgrading a self-hosted console, it is crucial to restore the system using the backup that matches the version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console from which it was taken. This ensures compatibility and integrity of the data and configurations. Using a backup with a different version of the console may lead to inconsistencies or loss of information due to potential changes in the software's data structures or features between versions. Therefore, to ensure a successful restoration, the backup must be applied to the same version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console that it was created from.

In Prisma Cloud Enterprise Edition, Palo Alto Networks hosts and runs the Console component. The Console serves as the central management interface for Prisma Cloud, allowing customers to configure policies, view alerts, and manage their cloud security posture without the need to host this component themselves.

Aggressive: For unusual user activity—Report on either unknown location or service, or both to classify an anomaly. For account hijacking—Report on unknown browser and Operating System, impossible time travel, or both. For anomalous compute provisioning activity—Reports on low and higher severity alerts.

RESOURCE_DELETED Resource was deleted. USER_DISMISSED Alert was dismissed or snoozed by the Prisma Cloud administrator with role of System admin, Account Group Admin, or Account and Cloud Provisioning Admin. POLICY_UPDATED Policy was updated. This status indicates a change in the policy RQL that results in a resource not being in scope for the policy evaluation.

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA14u0000004OQ2CAM

To determine if AWS EC2 instances are running without encryption enabled, the appropriate RQL (Resource Query Language) type to use is CONFIG. CONFIG queries in Prisma Cloud are designed to inspect the configuration states of cloud resources and identify compliance with best practices or specific security requirements. By running a CONFIG query, administrators can assess the configuration settings of EC2 instances, including whether encryption features are enabled or not. This type of query allows for deep inspection of resource configurations within cloud environments, making it the ideal choice for identifying unencrypted EC2 instances and thereby helping to ensure data protection and compliance with security policies.

In Prisma Cloud Enterprise, for alerts to be generated for configuration assets in an onboarded public cloud account, it is essential that the account is associated with an alert rule that matches the enabled config policies. If the account is not linked to an alert rule or if the existing alert rules do not match the config policies, no alerts will be generated even though configuration resource ingestion is visible, and RQL statements return config resource results. This requirement emphasizes the need for a well-structured alerting mechanism to ensure that security incidents are promptly identified and addressed​​.

Learning mode is the phase in which Prisma Cloud performs either static or dynamic analysis. Because the model depends on behavioral inputs, images stay in learning mode for 1 hour to complete the model. After this 1 hour, Prisma Cloud enters a 'dry run' period for 24 hours to ensure there are no behavioral changes and the model is complete. If during these 24 hours, behavioral changes are observed, the model goes back to Learning mode for an additional 24 hours.

Onboarding an account for Data Security involves several critical steps to ensure comprehensive coverage and effective monitoring. The steps involved include B. Create a Cloudtrail with SNS Topic to track and manage API calls and relevant notifications, D. Enter the RoleARN and SNSARN to provide necessary access and integration points for data security functions, and E. Create a S3 bucket which serves as a storage solution for logging and data capture essential for security analysis.

Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) is a feature within Prisma Cloud that focuses on protecting web applications and APIs from various threats and vulnerabilities. The primary protocols it provides protection for are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, and TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. While SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services, and Tomcat Web Connector via AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is used for Tomcat server communication, they are not the primary focus of WAAS protection.

To authenticate to Prisma Cloud Enterprise programmatically, the use of an access key is the most suitable method among the given options. Access keys, typically consisting of an Access Key ID and Secret Access Key, are used for programmatic calls to the Prisma Cloud API. This method enables secure, authenticated API requests to Prisma Cloud services without requiring manual user intervention, which is essential for automation and integration with CI/CD pipelines.

Reference to the use of access keys for programmatic access can often be found in the API documentation of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud. While specific documentation from Prisma Cloud is not directly quoted here, the general practice across cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) supports the use of access keys for API authentication, making it a verified approach for Prisma Cloud as well.

When creating a vulnerability policy for continuous integration within Prisma Cloud, the scope of the policy can include specific resources that are critical to the CI/CD pipeline, such as images and containers. These resources are central to the development and deployment processes in containerized environments. By focusing on images and containers, the policy can effectively identify and address vulnerabilities that might be present in container images before they are deployed or in running containers, thereby enhancing the security of the continuous integration and deployment pipeline. This approach ensures that only secure, compliant container images are used in production, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities being exploited.

To enable a user to interact programmatically with Prisma Cloud APIs and for a nonhuman entity to access keys, the correct action is to create a role and assign it to the Service Account (D). Service accounts in Prisma Cloud are designed for programmatic access by applications or automated tools, allowing these entities to interact with Prisma Cloud APIs securely. By creating a specific role with the necessary permissions and assigning it to a service account, administrators can ensure that the entity has the appropriate level of access required for its operations, aligning with the principle of least privilege and enhancing the security posture of API interactions.

For CI/CD plugins supported by Prisma Cloud as part of its DevOps Security, BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are the correct choices. BitBucket is widely used for source code management and collaboration, while CircleCI is a popular CI/CD platform. Prisma Cloud integrates with these tools to scan code repositories and CI/CD pipelines for security issues, ensuring that vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early in the development process. Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D) are IDEs rather than CI/CD tools, and while they are supported by Prisma Cloud for scanning and security purposes, they are not considered CI/CD plugins.

https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/prisma-cloud/cloud-iac-build-policies/

The correct command to scan the nginx:latest image for vulnerabilities and compliance issues using the Prisma Cloud twistcli tool is shown in Option D. This command uses twistcli images scan with specified parameters for the console address, username, and password, and it outputs the results to a file named scan-results.json. This allows for the scanning results to be saved and reviewed in a structured format, which aids in further analysis and tracking of vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

The Defender type "Container Defender - Linux" in Prisma Cloud is typically deployed as a container. This deployment method allows the Defender to integrate seamlessly into containerized environments, providing runtime protection and monitoring for container activities. By running as a container, the Container Defender can leverage the native capabilities of the container orchestration platform, such as Kubernetes, to provide security features like threat detection, vulnerability management, and compliance enforcement within the containerized environment. This approach ensures that the security protections are closely aligned with the dynamic and scalable nature of containerized applications.

Palo Alto Networks’ Enterprise DLP service and provides data classification that includes built-in data profiles with data patterns that match sensitive information such as PII, health care, financial information and Intellectual Property. In addition to protecting your confidential and sensitive data, your data is also protected against threats—known and unknown (zero-day) malware—using the Palo Alto Networks’ WildFire service.

When enabling Registry Scanning in Prisma Cloud for a registry that stores Windows images, it's important to note that Windows host defenders must be deployed in the environment to scan these images effectively. The Windows host defenders are specialized versions of the Prisma Cloud Defender that are designed to run on Windows operating systems. They provide the necessary functionality to scan Windows container images stored in registries, identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring the images comply with security policies before they are deployed. This requirement underscores the importance of having the appropriate Defender deployments that match the operating systems of the images being scanned.

Prisma Cloud has a REST API that enables you to access Prisma Cloud features programmatically. Most actions supported on the Prisma Cloud web interface are available with the REST API, refer to the Prisma Cloud REST API Reference for details about the REST API. https://pan.dev/prisma-cloud/api/cspm/

For scripting and programmatically querying user data and associated permission levels in a Prisma Cloud Enterprise tenant, the Prisma Cloud API Reference is the most relevant documentation. This reference guide provides detailed information on the available APIs, including those for user and permissions management. It outlines the necessary attributes, endpoints, and methods required to programmatically interact with the Prisma Cloud platform.

The API Reference is designed to help developers and administrators understand how to leverage the Prisma Cloud APIs to automate tasks, such as querying existing users and their permission levels. It includes examples and explanations that are crucial for writing effective scripts that integrate with the Prisma Cloud infrastructure.

While the Administrator’s Guides provide valuable information on managing the platform, the API Reference is specifically tailored for developers looking to automate and script interactions with Prisma Cloud services. Therefore, reviewing the Prisma Cloud API Reference will provide the necessary details to fulfill the DevSecOps team’s requirement1.

The Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that aims to improve product operationalization. It provides visibility into how features are utilized, identifies unused capabilities, and suggests ways to leverage the full potential of the platform. Therefore, Option A: Adoption Advisor is the correct answer.

bat --> Data Classification

apk --> Malware Scanning

vb --> Data Classification

py --> Data Classification

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-data-security/monitor-data-security-scan-prisma-cloud/supported-file-extensions

Prisma Cloud Data Security (PCDS) supports various file types for malware scanning, including .apk files, which are Android Package files used for installing applications on Android operating systems. This support is crucial for ensuring that applications deployed on or distributed through Android devices are free from malware and safe for user installation.

https://prisma.pan.dev/api/cloud/api-urls/

When accessing the Prisma Cloud API for a tenant located on app2.prismacloud.io, the correct API endpoint to use would be https://api2.prismacloud.io. This endpoint corresponds to the Prisma Cloud service instance hosted on app2.prismacloud.io, ensuring that API requests are directed to the correct instance of the service for processing.

The use of api2 in the URL indicates that this is the second instance or a different geographical or functional partition of the Prisma Cloud service, which might be used for load balancing, redundancy, or serving different sets of users. It is crucial to use the correct endpoint corresponding to the Prisma Cloud console URL to ensure successful API communication and authentication.