CloudSec-Pro Palo Alto Networks Cloud Security Professional Questions and Answers

Based on the information available in the provided documents, specifically from the "code-to-cloud-intelligence (1).pdf", Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks offers integration with multiple cloud service providers. While the document does not explicitly mention the ability to receive new API release information for Prisma Cloud, it does list integrations with various cloud service providers such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud (GCP), Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. Therefore, the answer would be C: AWS, Azure, GCP, Oracle, Alibaba.

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https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/investigate-incidents-on-prisma-cloud/investigate-config-incidents-on-prisma-cloud

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

When an administrator adds a Cloud account to Prisma Cloud and then deletes it, if the deleted account is added back to Prisma Cloud within a 24-hour period, the existing alerts associated with that account will be displayed again. This behavior ensures continuity in monitoring and alerting, allowing security teams to retain visibility into potential security issues or compliance violations associated with the cloud account. Re-displaying existing alerts helps maintain a consistent security posture and ensures that no critical alerts are overlooked during the re-addition process.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/view-respond-to-prisma-cloud-alerts

bat --> Data Classification

apk --> Malware Scanning

vb --> Data Classification

py --> Data Classification

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-data-security/monitor-data-security-scan-prisma-cloud/supported-file-extensions

Prisma Cloud Data Security (PCDS) supports various file types for malware scanning, including .apk files, which are Android Package files used for installing applications on Android operating systems. This support is crucial for ensuring that applications deployed on or distributed through Android devices are free from malware and safe for user installation.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/continuous_integration/set_policy_ci_plugins

The given admission control policy is designed to evaluate pod creation requests in a Kubernetes environment, specifically targeting the creation of privileged pods, which can pose significant security risks.

Option D: The policy will block the creation of a privileged pod is the correct answer when the effect of the policy is set to “block”. In this context, the policy's logic checks if a pod being created is set to run in privileged mode (a high-risk configuration that grants the pod extended system privileges). If such a configuration is detected, the policy triggers an action to block the pod's creation, thereby preventing the deployment of privileged pods that could undermine the security posture of the Kubernetes environment.

You can define up to 5 CLI commands in a sequence for a multi-step automatic remediation workflow. Add the commands in the sequence you want them to execute and separate the commands with a semi colon. If any CLI command included in the sequence fails, the execution stops at that point.

The Prisma Cloud platform allows administrators to define up to 5 CLI commands in a sequence for a multi-step automatic remediation workflow. These commands should be added in the order they are intended to be executed and must be separated by a semicolon. If any CLI command in the sequence fails during execution, the process stops at that point. This feature enables administrators to automate the remediation process efficiently and effectively, ensuring that actions are taken in a specific order to address alerts or compliance issues.

This capability is detailed in the Prisma Cloud documentation under the section for configuring Prisma Cloud to automatically remediate alerts. It’s an important feature for maintaining security and compliance in cloud environments, as it allows for quick and automated responses to identified issues.

In Prisma Cloud, compliance reports can be generated on a one-time basis or on a recurring schedule. The option for a one-time report allows users to generate a specific report instantly based on the current state of the environment. The recurring option enables users to set up automatic generation of reports at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, to track compliance over time. This functionality ensures continuous compliance monitoring and helps in maintaining security standards across cloud resources.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions You can also use the twistcli command line utility to scan your serverless functions. First download your serverless function as a ZIP file, then run: $ twistcli serverless scan

To specifically target running containers with a Cloud Native Application Framework (CNAF) policy in Prisma Cloud, the administrator should scope the policy to Image names. By doing so, the policy will apply to containers based on the images they were created from, allowing for precise targeting of security policies to specific containers. This approach is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to provide granular security controls for containerized environments, ensuring that policies are effectively applied to the relevant containers​​.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/waas/deploy_waas/deployment_containers

Using the Prisma Cloud API, users can fetch various attributes of policies, including the policy label (Option A) and policy mode (Option C). The policy label helps in categorizing and organizing policies, while the policy mode determines how the policy is enforced (e.g., alert, enforce). The policy signature (Option B) is not a standard attribute exposed via the API for fetching, as it relates more to the internal identification and handling of policies. The policy violation (Option D) is an outcome or event resulting from a policy breach, not an attribute of the policy itself that can be fetched via the API.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process

The response from Jihe would be correct if this wasn't be run from within the container. In the question, we are running from inside the container, and therefor there is no need to specify an image/tarball. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_image Further down in the documentation linked by Jihe, there is a section that shows the proper syntax when running twistcli from within a container. The example there is almost a perfect copy of this question. Spippolo has the correct response.

$ docker run \

-v /PATH/TO/TWISTCLI_DIR:/tools \

-e TW_TOKEN= \

-e TW_CONSOLE= \

--entrypoint="" \

\

/tools/twistcli images scan \

--containerized \

--details \

--address $TW_CONSOLE \

--token $TW_TOKEN \

<a href="https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images">https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

To investigate the runtime aspects of a potential data exfiltration attempt, the SecOps lead in Prisma Cloud Compute should focus on areas that provide insights into runtime activity and potential threats. C. The SecOps lead should use the Incident Explorer page and Monitor > Events > Container Audits. These sections provide detailed information on security incidents and container-level activities, enabling a thorough investigation into the runtime behavior that might indicate a security issue.

The question focuses on valid host compliance policies within a cloud environment. Among the given options, the most relevant to host compliance is ensuring compliant Docker daemon configuration. Docker daemon configurations are critical for securing the host environment where containers are run. A compliant Docker daemon configuration involves setting security-related options to ensure the Docker engine operates securely. This can include configurations related to TLS for secure communication, logging levels, authorization plugins, and user namespace remapping for isolation.

Ensuring functions are not overly permissive (Option A) and ensuring images are created with a non-root user (Option C) are more directly related to the security best practices for serverless functions and container images, respectively, rather than host-specific compliance checks. Ensuring host devices are not directly exposed to containers (Option B) is also important for security, but it falls under the broader category of container runtime security rather than host-specific compliance.

Thus, the most valid host compliance policy from the given options is to ensure a compliant Docker daemon configuration, as it directly impacts the security posture of the host environment in a containerized infrastructure. This aligns with best practices for securing Docker environments and is a common recommendation in container security guidelines, including those from Docker and cybersecurity frameworks.

When the Compute Console in Prisma Cloud is upgraded to a newer major release, while the Defenders and the Twistcli tool remain on the older version, the system is designed to ensure backward compatibility to a certain extent. As a result, both Defenders and Twistcli will continue to operate despite the version discrepancy. The Defenders will remain connected, continuing their monitoring and protection duties, and the Twistcli tool will keep functioning, allowing for continued scanning and other CLI-based operations. This design ensures that the security and functionality of the environment are not abruptly interrupted due to the upgrade process, providing administrators with a window to plan and execute the upgrade of Defenders and Twistcli without immediate pressure.

To configure serverless scanning in a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, the system needs to know where (Region) the serverless functions are deployed, how to access them (Credential), and on which cloud platform they are running (Provider). These settings ensure that the scanning tool can accurately locate and authenticate to the serverless functions across different cloud environments for vulnerability assessment. This aligns with the principle of providing comprehensive visibility and consistent security across multi-cloud environments as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/compute-edition/31/admin-guide/configure/disaster-recovery

In scenarios where a backup is created manually before upgrading a self-hosted console, it is crucial to restore the system using the backup that matches the version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console from which it was taken. This ensures compatibility and integrity of the data and configurations. Using a backup with a different version of the console may lead to inconsistencies or loss of information due to potential changes in the software's data structures or features between versions. Therefore, to ensure a successful restoration, the backup must be applied to the same version of the Prisma Cloud Self-Hosted Console that it was created from.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/configure-external-integrations-on-prisma-cloud#id24911ff9-c9ec-4503-bb3a-6cfce792a70d

To create a custom policy within a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, security teams have the flexibility to either add a new policy from scratch or clone an existing one to serve as a foundation for customization. Adding a new policy allows for the creation of a completely tailored rule set based on specific security requirements. Cloning an existing policy, on the other hand, provides a quick start by using the structure of an already established policy, which can then be modified to fit particular needs. This approach is beneficial for maintaining consistency with existing policies while addressing unique security scenarios. Disabling an out-of-the-box policy (option C) or editing the query in an out-of-the-box policy (option D) are actions that might be taken to customize policy enforcement but do not equate to the creation of a new custom policy.

To create a network exposure policy that identifies instances accessible from any untrusted internet sources, a SecOps engineer would need to navigate to the Policy section within Prisma Cloud and add a new policy of the Config type. They would define the details of the policy such as the name and severity level and then configure the RQL query to specify conditions that match instances accessible from untrusted internet sources. The RQL query provided in the answer specifies that the source of the network traffic should be from an untrusted internet and that the destination resource should be an instance in the AWS cloud. After defining the compliance standards and providing recommendations for remediation, the policy can be saved to be enforced within the environment.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/19-11/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/firewalls/deploy_cnaf

When configuring Cloud Native Application Firewall (CNAF) rules, the specified port should be the one where the container itself listens for web traffic. In this scenario, since the NGINX container is listening on port 8080, the CNAF rule should be configured to protect traffic on port 8080. This ensures that the firewall rule is applied to the traffic intended for the container, regardless of the port mapping on the host.

The documentation from Palo Alto Networks provides guidance on deploying CNAF and specifies that the port in the firewall rule should match the container’s listening port, not the host’s mapped port. This is an important distinction for properly securing containerized applications with CNAF.

Saved Searches has list of search queries saved by any Prisma Cloud administrator.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-administrators/prisma-cloud-admin-permissions

According to the official Palo Alto Networks documentation, saved searches in a cloud account are managed by administrators. This aligns with the principle that administrative privileges are typically required to manage access to saved searches and other similar resources within cloud platforms. Administrators have the capability to control who can access various resources, ensuring that only authorized users can view or modify saved searches. This is a common security measure to prevent unauthorized access and potential data breaches.

The correct construction for scanning a container image using the TwistCLI tool in Prisma Cloud is option B. This command specifies the address of the Prisma Cloud Console and the image to be scanned, including its tag. The TwistCLI tool is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to integrate security into the CI/CD pipeline, allowing for the scanning of images for vulnerabilities as part of the build process, thus ensuring that only secure images are deployed​​.

In Prisma Cloud, runtime rules are created to monitor and control the behavior of applications and services during their execution to ensure compliance with security policies. The three types of runtime rules that can be created in Prisma Cloud are:

Processes: These rules monitor and control the execution of processes within the environment. They can be used to detect unauthorized or malicious processes and take actions such as alerting, blocking, or terminating the processes.

Network-outgoing: These rules govern the outbound network connections from the applications or containers. They help in controlling access to external resources, preventing data exfiltration, and ensuring that the communication complies with the security policies.

Filesystem: Filesystem rules are related to the access and modification of the file system by applications or containers. These rules can help in detecting unauthorized access, changes to sensitive files, and ensuring that the applications adhere to the least privilege principle in terms of file access.

These runtime rules are essential for maintaining the security and integrity of applications running in cloud environments, especially in dynamic and distributed architectures where traditional perimeter-based security controls may not be sufficient.

To onboard an AWS account for monitoring by Prisma Cloud, specifically for resource configuration monitoring, the required pieces of information include:

A. External ID: The External ID is a unique identifier used in the trust relationship between Prisma Cloud and the AWS account, ensuring secure access, making it a correct choice.

D. RoleARN: The Role Amazon Resource Name (RoleARN) is necessary to grant Prisma Cloud the required permissions to access and monitor the AWS account resources, making it a correct choice. Option B (CloudTrail) is related to AWS logging but is not required solely for onboarding. Option C (Active Directory ID) is not relevant to AWS account onboarding for Prisma Cloud.

In the context of calculating net effective permissions for a resource in AWS, IPTables firewall rule is not used. Net effective permissions in AWS are determined by evaluating various AWS-specific mechanisms such as IAM policies, permission boundaries, and service control policies (SCPs). IAM policies define what actions are allowed or denied for various AWS resources. Permission boundaries provide a way to delegate administration for IAM entities, setting the maximum permissions that an IAM entity can have. SCPs are part of AWS Organizations and allow for central control over the maximum available permissions for all accounts within an organization. IPTables, on the other hand, is a Linux-based application for setting up firewall rules on individual hosts and is not directly related to AWS resource permissions. Therefore, IPTables firewall rules are not considered when calculating net effective permissions in AWS, making option C the correct answer.

In Prisma Cloud, when anomalies are detected and the security team chooses to Relearn on a specific image, the existing behavioral model for that image is not deleted. Instead, the system retains the model and enters a new learning period, during which it observes the behavior of the container based on the image. If new behaviors are observed during this period, they are added to the existing model, thereby refining and updating the model to reflect the current operational profile of the container. This approach allows for dynamic adaptation to changes in container behavior while preserving the valuable insights and patterns already established in the model. The Relearn function is part of Prisma Cloud's adaptive capabilities, enabling it to maintain accurate and up-to-date behavioral models that reflect the evolving nature of containerized applications.

Create SNS Topic Triggers: No data security scan

Select an S3 bucket: Forward Scan only

Select an S3 bucket with existing files: Forward or Backward Scan

Link an S3 logging to CloudTrail: Backward Scan only

The scanning mode for Data Security in AWS typically depends on the configuration and the desired outcomes for monitoring and protecting data within S3 buckets.

Creating SNS Topic Triggers is a configuration step that does not directly involve scanning. It is part of setting up notifications for events in S3 buckets, but on its own, it does not initiate a data security scan.

Selecting an S3 bucket without specifying existing files typically implies that you intend to scan new objects as they are added to the bucket, which is known as a Forward Scan. This mode is proactive and scans files upon their arrival in the bucket.

When you select an S3 bucket with existing files, you can perform either Forward Scanning for new files or Backward Scanning to scan all existing files in the bucket. This option provides the most comprehensive scanning coverage for both new and existing data.

Linking an S3 logging to CloudTrail is usually a step taken to monitor access and changes to S3 resources. In the context of scanning, linking S3 to CloudTrail does not initiate a scan, but the CloudTrail logs can be used to trigger a Backward Scan if configured to do so, which scans historical files in the bucket based on CloudTrail events.

In a Kubernetes environment, the Admission Controller is a critical component responsible for approving, modifying, or rejecting administrative requests before they are processed by the Kubernetes API server. The Admission Controller acts as a gatekeeper, enforcing governance and policy controls by evaluating requests against a set of predefined rules and policies. It can validate and mutate requests, ensuring that only compliant and authorized changes are allowed to proceed. This capability is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of the Kubernetes cluster, as it can prevent unauthorized or potentially harmful actions from being executed, thus playing a key role in the cluster's overall security posture.

"The list of AWS policy types and identities that are used to calculate the net effective permissions are as follows:

AWS IAM role

AWS IAM policy

AWS IAM group

AWS service control policies (SCPs)

Role trust relationships

Permission boundaries

NotAction

Policies with wild card support

If your cloud environment has additional resource types, Prisma Cloud does not factor them into the net-effective permissions.

In addition, permissions can also be set by a resource-based policy. The following AWS resource-based policies are supported in the net effective permissions calculation:

Lambda function

S3 bucket

SQS queue

SNS topic

ECS task definition

Secret manager

KMS key

Lambda layer version"

The correct RQL query to view users who have sufficient permissions to create security groups within Azure AD and create applications is option D. This query is specifically designed to assess policies within Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) by checking the authorization policy settings related to user default role permissions. The query targets the azure-active-directory-authorization-policy API to fetch configurations (config from cloud.resource) and then filters those configurations based on the JSON rules that dictate whether users are allowed to create security groups (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateSecurityGroups is true) and applications (defaultUserRolePermissions.allowedToCreateApps is true). This query provides a comprehensive check by ensuring both conditions are met, which is necessary for users to have the combined capabilities of creating security groups and applications within Azure AD.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, the RQL (Resource Query Language) is utilized for querying the configuration state of resources within cloud environments to ensure compliance with security policies. The RQL syntax in option D precisely aligns with the requirements for identifying users with specific permissions, leveraging Prisma Cloud's capability to provide visibility and control over cloud resources, as emphasized in various resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools." These documents highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and validation of cloud resource configurations to maintain a secure and compliant cloud environment, which is effectively achieved through targeted RQL queries like the one in option D.

The timestamp on the compliance dashboard in a cloud security context typically reflects the point in time when data from various sources is collected, processed, and then consolidated to present the compliance status or results. This aggregation process involves compiling data from multiple scans, logs, and other compliance-related information to provide a comprehensive overview of the current compliance posture. Therefore, the timestamp usually indicates when this aggregation was completed, ensuring that users are viewing the most up-to-date and relevant compliance information based on the latest data compilation.

https://prisma.pan.dev/api/cloud/api-urls/

When accessing the Prisma Cloud API for a tenant located on app2.prismacloud.io, the correct API endpoint to use would be https://api2.prismacloud.io. This endpoint corresponds to the Prisma Cloud service instance hosted on app2.prismacloud.io, ensuring that API requests are directed to the correct instance of the service for processing.

The use of api2 in the URL indicates that this is the second instance or a different geographical or functional partition of the Prisma Cloud service, which might be used for load balancing, redundancy, or serving different sets of users. It is crucial to use the correct endpoint corresponding to the Prisma Cloud console URL to ensure successful API communication and authentication.

To restrict any container from resolving the name www.evil-url.com, the administrator should set www.evil-url.com as a blocklisted DNS name in the default Container policy and set the effect to prevent. This configuration in Prisma Cloud, or similar CSPM tools, ensures that any attempt to resolve the specified blocklisted DNS name within any container will be prevented, thus enhancing security by proactively blocking potential communication with known malicious domains.

Reference to this feature can be found in the documentation of CSPM tools that offer runtime protection for containers. These tools allow administrators to define security policies that can include DNS-based controls to prevent containers from accessing known malicious or undesirable URLs, thereby preventing potential data exfiltration, malware communication, or other security threats

In Prisma Cloud, to automatically enable all severity levels for alerts, a user would need to navigate to the Policies section, then to Settings. Within this area, there is an option for "auto-enable default policies," which, when checked for all severity levels, ensures that any default policies related to those severities are automatically activated. This is a configuration setting that streamlines the alerting process by ensuring that all relevant severity levels are covered by the default policies without the need for manual intervention.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/manage-prisma-cloud-policies

Step 1- To enable global settings for Prisma Cloud default policies click "Settings" and select "Enterprise Settings" Step 2- To enable policies based on severity, select Auto enable new default policies of the type—Critical, High, Medium, Low or Informational.

The correct command to scan the nginx:latest image for vulnerabilities and compliance issues using the Prisma Cloud twistcli tool is shown in Option D. This command uses twistcli images scan with specified parameters for the console address, username, and password, and it outputs the results to a file named scan-results.json. This allows for the scanning results to be saved and reviewed in a structured format, which aids in further analysis and tracking of vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

The "overly permissive service access" compliance check is specifically designed to evaluate and ensure that cloud services are not granted more permissions than necessary, which could lead to potential security risks. Among the listed options, Amazon Web Services (AWS) is known for its extensive service offerings and the complexity of its Identity and Access Management (IAM) configurations. Prisma Cloud, a comprehensive cloud security platform by Palo Alto Networks, provides extensive support for AWS, including checks for overly permissive service access. This ensures that AWS environments adhere to the principle of least privilege, reducing the attack surface by limiting access to the minimum necessary to perform required tasks. Prisma Cloud's capabilities in AWS environments are detailed in various resources, including documentation and guides provided by Palo Alto Networks, which highlight its effectiveness in identifying and mitigating risks associated with excessive permissions in AWS services.

Palo Alto Networks’ Enterprise DLP service and provides data classification that includes built-in data profiles with data patterns that match sensitive information such as PII, health care, financial information and Intellectual Property. In addition to protecting your confidential and sensitive data, your data is also protected against threats—known and unknown (zero-day) malware—using the Palo Alto Networks’ WildFire service.

To authenticate to Prisma Cloud Enterprise programmatically, the use of an access key is the most suitable method among the given options. Access keys, typically consisting of an Access Key ID and Secret Access Key, are used for programmatic calls to the Prisma Cloud API. This method enables secure, authenticated API requests to Prisma Cloud services without requiring manual user intervention, which is essential for automation and integration with CI/CD pipelines.

Reference to the use of access keys for programmatic access can often be found in the API documentation of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud. While specific documentation from Prisma Cloud is not directly quoted here, the general practice across cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) supports the use of access keys for API authentication, making it a verified approach for Prisma Cloud as well.

For a runtime audit generated for a host with a message indicating a service attempting to obtain capability by executing a script, the root cause for this runtime audit is most likely related to D. Default rule that alerts on suspicious runtime behavior. This default rule is designed to flag unusual or potentially harmful activities that could indicate a security risk, prompting further investigation.

To receive daily email alerts for all policy violations, the SOC team should configure an alert rule that encompasses all policies and sets the notification frequency to once per day. This can be achieved by:

Navigating to the “Policies” tab within the alert rule configuration and selecting “All Policies” to ensure that the rule applies to every policy.

Moving to the “Set Alert Notifications” tab and choosing the “Email” notification method.

Setting the notification to “Recurring” with a frequency of every 1 day.

Enabling the email notification by specifying the recipient’s email address.

This configuration ensures that the SOC team will receive a consolidated email once a day that includes information on all policies that have been violated, rather than receiving multiple alerts throughout the day as new violations occur. It allows the team to review the compliance status efficiently and prioritize their response accordingly.

Cloud Provisioning Admin (Defender Manager) DevOps team members that need to manage Defender deployments without sysadmin privileges. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/authentication/prisma_cloud_user_roles

The Adoption Advisor is a feature within Prisma Cloud that aims to improve product operationalization. It provides visibility into how features are utilized, identifies unused capabilities, and suggests ways to leverage the full potential of the platform. Therefore, Option A: Adoption Advisor is the correct answer.

The Cloud Discovery feature in Prisma Cloud allows engineers to monitor accounts continuously and report on cloud-native services that are unprotected across different cloud service providers. This feature requires specific permissions to access and assess the cloud environment's configuration and security posture. Thus, the correct answer is D: It enables engineers to continuously monitor all accounts and report on the services that are unprotected.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/compute-admin-guide/cloud-service-providers/cloud-accounts-discovery-pcee

In Prisma Cloud Compute, the scope of each rule within the host runtime policy is determined by the collection assigned to that rule. Collections in Prisma Cloud are logical groupings of resources, such as hosts, containers, or cloud accounts, that share common attributes or security requirements. By associating a rule with a specific collection, administrators can precisely define the context and applicability of the rule, ensuring that the runtime protection mechanisms are accurately targeted and effective. This approach enables granular control over security policies, allowing for tailored security measures that reflect the unique characteristics and needs of different resource groups within the multicloud environment.

When automated remediation is enabled in Prisma Cloud, it is designed to address all applicable open alerts, regardless of when they were generated. The system automatically applies remediation actions to resolve the identified security issues or compliance violations that triggered the alerts. Once the remediation actions are successfully completed, the system updates the status of the affected alerts to "resolved," indicating that the security issues have been addressed. This feature helps streamline the remediation process, reducing the manual effort required by security teams and ensuring that security issues are promptly resolved to maintain the integrity and security of the cloud environment.

https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

Prisma Cloud has announced changes to its CI/CD plugins due to the acquisition of Bridgecrew1. The existing IaC functionality in Prisma Cloud will be replaced by a Prisma “cloud code security” (CCS) module that delivers Bridgecrew integration in Prisma Cloud1. As part of this change, several CI/CD plugins that Prisma Cloud currently uses will either be replaced or modified1.

According to the information from the link, both Checkov and CircleCI are listed as integrations that will switch to the Prisma “cloud code security” (CCS) module1. Checkov is an open-source command-line interface (CLI) utility that includes more than 750 predefined policies and supports custom policies1. CircleCI is a continuous integration and continuous delivery platform1.

The correct construction for a container scan using the TwistCLI tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) is shown in option C. This command uses the TwistCLI tool to scan a container image, specifying the necessary authentication credentials (username and password with '-u' and '-p' flags), the address of the Prisma Cloud instance (with the '--address' flag), and the image to be scanned (in this case, 'myimage/latest'). The inclusion of the '--details' flag is a common practice to obtain detailed scan results, which is crucial for in-depth analysis and remediation efforts. This command structure aligns with the standard usage of TwistCLI for image scanning purposes, as documented in Prisma Cloud's official resources and guides.

Following best practices, the Security Operations Center (SOC) should enable a policy that checks for publicly accessible AWS RDS database instances and then manually remediate each instance confirmed to be part of the production environment. This approach ensures that only those resources that should not be publicly accessible are modified, avoiding unintended access restrictions on non-production instances.

The alert "AWS S3 buckets are accessible to public" is generated due to the configuration of the S3 bucket, which has been set in a way that allows public access. The policy definition provided checks for various conditions that would make an S3 bucket publicly accessible, such as grants to 'AllUsers', the absence of a 'publicAccessBlockConfiguration', or specific configurations that do not restrict public access. Therefore, the alert is triggered by the configuration settings of the S3 bucket that violate the policy's criteria for public accessibility.

Configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud requires the Identity Provider Issuer (Option B) and Certificate (Option C). The Identity Provider Issuer is a unique identifier for the SSO identity provider and is used by Prisma Cloud to establish trust and validate SSO responses. The Certificate, typically an X.509 certificate, is used to sign SSO assertions and ensure the security of the SSO communication. The Prisma Cloud Access SAML URL (Option A) is provided by Prisma Cloud to configure the SSO on the identity provider's side, not the other way around. The Identity Provider Logout URL (Option D) is used for single logout configurations but is not a required field for basic SSO configuration in Prisma Cloud.

The activities listed (Backdoor account access, Hijacked processes, Lateral movement, Port scanning) are categorized as incidents (option B). Incidents represent security events or patterns of activity that indicate potential security breaches or malicious behavior within the environment. Prisma Cloud identifies and classifies such activities as incidents to highlight significant security concerns that require investigation and potential remediation. This categorization helps security teams prioritize their response efforts, focusing on activities that pose a real threat to the integrity and security of the cloud environment. By distinguishing incidents from other types of security findings, Prisma Cloud enables more effective incident response and threat management processes.

Prisma Cloud includes built-in Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) permission groups to manage user access and permissions efficiently. Among the options, Group Membership Admin and Account Group Admin are two built-in RBAC permission groups. Group Membership Admins are responsible for managing user memberships within groups, while Account Group Admins have administrative privileges over specific account groups, allowing them to manage resources and policies within those groups. These roles help in delegating administrative tasks and enforcing the principle of least privilege.

To detect and alert on activities performed by a root account, an audit event policy should be used. An audit event policy is a type of policy that can be used to detect suspicious activities or events that may be related to security threats. This type of policy will allow the administrator to monitor and alert on any activities performed by a root account.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/prisma-cloud-threat-detection

The correct policy type to use in order to detect and alert on any activities performed by a root account is an "audit event" policy. An audit event policy is designed to monitor and record a series of chronological events in the order they occur, typically used to track user activities and changes within the system. When a root account performs any actions, an audit event policy will log these events, allowing the administrator to review and potentially set up alerts if suspicious or unauthorized activities are detected. This type of policy is crucial for security and compliance purposes as it helps ensure that all actions performed with root privileges are legitimate and authorized.

Reference to this can be found in most cloud security platforms that offer CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) solutions. For example, within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, audit events are a part of the Activity Monitoring features, which track user activities and system changes to facilitate investigations into suspicious or unauthorized actions.

Prisma Cloud supports configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) with Identity Providers (IdPs) to streamline user authentication processes. However, for all the cloud accounts monitored by Prisma Cloud, only one IdP provider can be enabled at any given time. This limitation ensures a unified authentication mechanism across the platform, reducing complexity and potential security risks associated with managing multiple IdP configurations.

B --> Anomaly Trusted List—Exclude trusted IP addresses when conducting tests for PCI compliance or penetration testing on your network. Any addresses included in this list do not generate alerts against the Prisma Cloud Anomaly Policies that detect unusual network activity such as the policies that detect internal port scan and port sweep activity, which are enabled by default. C --> Trusted Alert IP Addresses—If you have internal networks that connect to your public cloud infrastructure, you can add these IP address ranges (or CIDR blocks) as trusted ... Prisma Cloud default network policies that look for internet exposed instances also do not generate alerts when the source IP address is included in the trusted IP address list and the account hijacking anomaly policy filters out activities from known IP addresses. Also, when you use RQL to query network traffic, you can filter out traffic from known networks that are included in the trusted IP address list.

For a customer who does not want alerts to be generated from network traffic originating from trusted internal networks, the appropriate setting is C. Trusted Alert IP Addresses. This setting allows for specifying certain IP addresses as trusted, meaning alerts will not be triggered by activities from these IPs, ensuring that internal network traffic is not flagged as potentially malicious.

https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

Visual Studio Code IntelliJ IDEA https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/blogs/what-is-changing-for-ci-cd-plugins/ba-p/461676

In Prisma Cloud, the capability to scan serverless functions, such as AWS Lambda functions, for vulnerabilities is an integral part of ensuring cloud security posture management (CSPM) and compliance. Specifically, option C is correct because Prisma Cloud provides a dedicated section for defining policies related to serverless function vulnerabilities under the "Defend > Vulnerabilities > Functions" page. This feature allows administrators to create and manage policies that automatically scan serverless functions for known vulnerabilities, ensuring that the functions comply with the organization's security standards before they are deployed. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security model that covers various aspects of cloud security, including serverless functions, as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions

When the Console is unreachable during upgrades, Defenders continue to alert and enforce using the policies and settings most recently cached before the upgrade (option D). This behavior ensures that security enforcement remains active and consistent, even when the central management console is temporarily unavailable. The cached policies enable Defenders to maintain the security posture based on the last known configuration, ensuring continuous protection against threats and compliance with established security policies. This approach reflects Prisma Cloud's design principle of ensuring uninterrupted security enforcement, thereby safeguarding the environment against potential vulnerabilities during maintenance periods.

To onboard an AWS account into Prisma Cloud for the purpose of monitoring resource configurations, the necessary information includes the Role ARN (Amazon Resource Name) and CloudTrail setup. The Role ARN (Option E) is crucial because Prisma Cloud requires permission to access and monitor resources within the AWS account, which is facilitated through an IAM role that Prisma Cloud can assume. This IAM role must have the necessary permissions to access AWS services and resources that Prisma Cloud needs to monitor. CloudTrail (Option A) is essential for auditing and monitoring API calls within the AWS environment, including those related to resource configurations. It provides visibility into user and resource activity by recording API calls made on the account. CloudTrail logs are used by Prisma Cloud to detect changes in resource configurations and ensure compliance with security policies. Subscription ID (Option B) and Active Directory ID (Option C) are more relevant to Azure cloud environments, not AWS. External ID (Option D) is used in a cross-account role trust relationship to prevent the "confused deputy" problem, but it's not specifically required just to onboard the account for resource configuration monitoring.

The data security dashboard in Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive overview of the security posture related to cloud data storage. However, certain information types, such as the identity of the bucket owner and the actual content within an object, are not typically displayed on such dashboards. This is because the dashboard focuses more on aggregated data profiles, exposure levels, and compliance-related information rather than individual ownership details or the specific content of objects, which may require separate detailed analysis or are managed through different security mechanisms.

Prisma Cloud supports different scanning modes for its agentless scanning feature. Based on the context of cloud environments and typical terminology used in Prisma Cloud documentation, "Spoke Account Mode" and "Hub Account Mode" are plausible modes supported for agentless scanning. These modes allow for the extension of scanning capabilities across multiple accounts, with 'Spoke' typically referring to linked accounts and 'Hub' referring to the central account in a hub-and-spoke architecture. Hence, the correct answers are A and B.

Prisma Cloud scans all hosts for compliance issues, provided that a defender is installed or the host is covered by an agentless scan. Among these, the following compliance issues are covered.

-Host configuration

-Docker daemon configuration

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/compliance/host_scanning

Prisma Cloud Compute's compliance enforcement capabilities for hosts include ensuring proper configurations of Docker daemons and host operating systems, as well as managing hosts that do not have Defender agents installed. These measures are critical for hardening environments against misconfigurations which could lead to security vulnerabilities.

Web-Application and API Security (WAAS) is a feature within Prisma Cloud that focuses on protecting web applications and APIs from various threats and vulnerabilities. The primary protocols it provides protection for are HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, and TLS is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. While SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for secure remote login and other secure network services, and Tomcat Web Connector via AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is used for Tomcat server communication, they are not the primary focus of WAAS protection.

When creating a Config policy in Prisma Cloud and incorporating a JSON query, the correct place to add this query is under the "Build Your Rule (Build tab)" (Option E). This section allows users to define the criteria and conditions for the policy, including specifying JSON or RQL (Resource Query Language) queries that articulate the policy's logic. The "Details" (Option A) tab is typically used for general information about the policy, such as its name and description. The "Compliance Standards" (Option B) tab is for associating the policy with specific compliance frameworks. The "Remediation" (Option C) tab provides guidance on how to remediate any issues detected by the policy. The "Build Your Rule (Run tab)" (Option D) is not a standard option in Prisma Cloud policy configuration.

In Azure, to enable Prisma Cloud to calculate net effective permissions across Management Groups, the necessary permission is "Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/descendants/read." This permission grants Prisma Cloud the ability to read the management group hierarchy and the related details, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the effective permissions applied across different levels of the management group structure. By having this level of access, Prisma Cloud can accurately assess and report on the permissions assigned to various resources and identities within the Azure environment, facilitating better security and compliance management.