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CTFL-Foundation ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Questions and Answers

Questions 4

Which of the following is a valid drawback of independent testing? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.

B.

Developers loose the sense of responsibility and independent testers may become a bottleneck.

C.

Independent testers need extra education and always cost more.

D.

Independent testers will become a bottleneck and introduce problems in incident management.

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Questions 5

Model characteristics:

Which THREE of the below mentioned characteristics relate to TMMi? 1 credit

Options:

A.

5 maturity levels

B.

Focussed on higher level testing

C.

20 key areas

D.

Highly related to CMMI

E.

Continuous model

F.

Staged model

G.

Focussed on component and integration testing

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Questions 6

Which THREE activities would be valid steps during the development of the test strategy?2 credits (2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)

Options:

A.

Identify test staff members that will be involved in the system test

B.

Define test career paths

C.

Understand the software development life cycle used by the software house

D.

Assess the testing that needs to be done to minimize the risks

E.

Issue the test strategy document for review

F.

Define a master test plan template

G.

Perform a project risk analysis

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Questions 7

What would be a test approach regarding the test design techniques to be applied that would fit an item with the highest risk? 2 credits

Options:

A.

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: exploratory testing

B.

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: decision table testing

C.

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: equivalence partitioning

D.

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: decision table partitioning

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Questions 8

Which of the following best describes the Black-box technique?

Options:

A.

It uses decision coverage for completeness.

B.

It ensures all possible branches in the code are tested.

C.

It is based on the internal structure of the system.

D.

It can be done without reference to the internal structure of the component or system.

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Questions 9

When should testers be involved in reviewing a UAT specification? [K1]

Options:

A.

At the beginning of the project

B.

As soon as requirements have been approved

C.

As soon as the UAT specification has been drafted

D.

At any time before UAT begins

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Questions 10

Instead of having an independent test team within the company, the company is considering to outsource testing. What are THREE key challenges that are typical for outsourcing? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Test environment more complex

B.

Define expectation for tasks and deliverables

C.

Clear channels of communications

D.

Possibly different cultures

E.

Testing of non-functional requirements

F.

Audit trail from requirements to test cases

G.

Applying test automation

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Questions 11

You have investigated different possibilities and selected four of them to present to IT management. Which of the proposals will you most likely give your highest recommendations? 3 credits

Options:

A.

Insourcing of test automation based on an offer from a local company ABC that has people who are specialists in system level capture-replay automation tools and they also do regular training courses in test automation methods and tools. They can then work closely with Vicki.

B.

Outsourcing of test automation based on an offer from an Asian company, AsiaAutoTest, which has people who are specialists in system level capture-replay automation tools. They also offer training and besides they offer to run and maintain the regression tests in the future.

C.

Internal offer from the development department of XYZ to create the regression package using CppUnit as test automation tool. One of the development groups have very good experiences in automating unit tests, and they are willing to do training as well.

D.

Solution from a tool vendor offering to educate two test team members in the use of their easy-to-use test automation capture replay tool over the first 3 month and based on that build the regression test suite. In addition to Vicki, Steve is the only one that has time available to be educated.

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Questions 12

Based on the information given in the scenario, identify how the team could be improved most effectively? 2 credits

Options:

A.

By providing training in the payroll domain

B.

By providing a workshop on test design techniques

C.

By providing specific training on the systems being tested

D.

By providing training on reviewing requirements

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Questions 13

The test improvement project will take place in an organization developing a safety-critical avionics application. Which one of the following standards do you believe would be most appropriate to take into account for compliance during your assignment? 1 credit

Options:

A.

ISO 9126

B.

IEEE 829

C.

BS 7925/2

D.

DO-178B

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Questions 14

Comparing TMMi and TPI, which is not a valid reason for choosing either TPI or TMMi? 2 credits

Options:

A.

If the scope of test performance improvement covers all test levels, TMMi is preferred since TPI focusses mainly on black-box testing.

B.

If the organization is already applying CMMI, TMMi may be preferred since it has the same structure and uses the same terminology. TMMi addresses management commitment very strongly and is therefore more suitable to support a top-down improvement process.

C.

TPI is much more a bottom-up model that is suitable for addressing test topics for a specific (test) project.

D.

TMMi can only be used with the traditional V model,whereas TPI can be used with all types of software life cycles.

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Questions 15

Which of the following are valid reasons for adopting a different life cycle (from the V model), for increments after the first year? 2 credits

i. We do not have a clear understanding of the requirements from a customer perspective.

ii. We see the risk of delivering requested functionality late as being higher than the risk of delivering a lower quality product.

iii. We do not have a budget for additional regression testing which is needed to ensure that existing functionality is not compromised by future iterations.

iv. The company test strategy does not fit well within the V life cycle model.

Options:

A.

(i) and (ii)

B.

(i) and (iv)

C.

(ii) and (iii)

D.

(ii) and (iv)

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Questions 16

You are considering involving users during test execution. In general, what is the main reason for involving users during test execution? 1 credit

Options:

A.

They are a cheap resource

B.

They have good testing skills

C.

This can serve as a way to build their confidence in the system

D.

They have the ability to also focus on invalid test cases

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Questions 17

Which of the following team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team and why? 2 credits

Options:

A.

A person with the ability to complete tasks

B.

A quality assurance officer

C.

A person with in-depth technical skills

D.

A person who brings new ideas to the team

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Questions 18

In addition to introducing the new team member, you have decided to raise motivation. Which of the measures listed below would be the best measure to take in order to increase the motivation of the team? 2 credits

Options:

A.

Provide more time for testing in the schedule

B.

Allow people to take some time off

C.

Introduce entry criteria to the testing phase

D.

Organize a meeting with senior management in which they address the importance of good testing for this project

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Questions 19

Given the following figures for the testing on a project, and assuming the failure rate for initial tests remains constant and that all retests pass, what number of tests remain to be run? 3 credits

CTFL-Foundation Question 19

Options:

A.

700

B.

720

C.

784

D.

570

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Questions 20

In general, why is it NOT a good idea to estimate the testing effort based only on a percentage of development effort? Identify THREE valid reasons. 1 credit

Options:

A.

The quality of the development estimate may be poor.

B.

In general bottom-up estimation is always better than top-down estimation.

C.

The percentage based technique only applies to the V life cycle model.

D.

Using the same percentage every time does not address the level of risk of the application to be tested.

E.

The maturity of the organization, e.g. the quality of the test basis, quality of development testing, configuration management, availability of test tools, also influence the effort needed for testing.

F.

It builds on large set of historical data

G.

The result is almost always a too low estimate for the required test effort

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Questions 21

Identify THREE items that would be part of the work-breakdown structure showing the key testing activities for the acceptance test project. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)

Options:

A.

Test planning, test case preparation and test execution for each of the four iterations

B.

Work should be explicitly allocated to test completion, test management, installation and to training on using the system

C.

Activities to deploy the system in the user environment

D.

Regression testing in the second, third and fourth iterations

E.

Development activities for unit and integration testing

F.

Reviews on requirements documentation

G.

Defining test environment requirements for system testing

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Questions 22

You are about to release a test progress report to a senior manager, who is not a test specialist. Which of the following topics should NOT be included in the test progress report? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Product risks which have been mitigated and those which are outstanding.

B.

Recommendations for taking controlling actions

C.

Status compared against the started exit criteria

D.

Detailed overview of the risk-based test approach being used to ensure the exit criteria to be achieved

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Questions 23

Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the project? 2 credits

Options:

A.

Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point analysis

B.

Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code

C.

Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder

D.

Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort

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Questions 24

Evaluate the status of the project against the defined exit criteria. Which of the following options shows the correct status? 2 credits

Options:

A.

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = OK, criteria C = OK

B.

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = OK

C.

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

D.

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

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Questions 25

For which of the following activities in the fundamental test process would an incident management tool be most useful?

Options:

A.

Test planning and control

B.

Test analysis and design

C.

Test implementation and execution

D.

Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

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Questions 26

What is retesting?

Options:

A.

Running the same test again in the same circumstances to reproduce the problem.

B.

A cursory run through a test pack to see if any new errors have been introduced.

C.

Checking that the predetermined exit criteria for the test phase have been met.

D.

Running a previously failed test against new software/data/documents to see if the problem is solved.

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Questions 27

Which statement correctly describes the public and profession aspects of the code of ethics?

Options:

A.

Public: Certified software testers shall act in the best interests of their client and employer (being consistent with the wider public interest). Profession: Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of their industry consistent with the public interest.

B.

Public: Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest. Profession: Certified software testers shall consider the wider public interest in their actions.

C.

Public: Certified software testers shall consider the wider public interest in their actions. Profession: Certified software testers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of their profession.

D.

Public: Certified software testers shall consider the wider public interest in their actions. Profession: Certified software testers shall advance the integrity and reputation of their industry consistent with the public interest.

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Questions 28

Debugging and Testing are key activities in the software development lifecycle.

Which of the following are 'Debugging' activities?

a) Identifying, a failure

b) Locating the cause of failure

c) Fixing the defect

d) Checking the fix has resolved the failure

Options:

A.

a & d

B.

a & b

C.

b & c

D.

c & d

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Questions 29

Which one of the following statements about testing techniques is TRUE?

Options:

A.

Exploratory testing can replace black box techniques when testing time is very limited

B.

Test execution scheduling should give priority to experienced based testing

C.

Specification based techniques can be used as a substitute for a poorly defined test basis

D.

Experienced based techniques are systematic and produce detailed test documentation

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Questions 30

During which stage of the fundamental test process is the testability of requirements evaluated?

Options:

A.

Test Implementation and Execution

B.

Test Planning and Control

C.

Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting

D.

Test Analysis and Design

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Questions 31

You have been asked to write a testing strategy for the company. Which statement best explains how risk can be addressed within the testing strategy? 1 credit

Options:

A.

A test strategy should address identified generic product risks and present a process for mitigating those risks in line with the testing policy.

B.

A test strategy identifies the specific product for a project risk and defines the approach for the test project.

C.

A test strategy is derived from the test policy and describes the way risk assessments are performed in projects.

D.

A test strategy is the result of a project risk analysis and defines the approach and resources for testing.

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Questions 32

The development manager is managing the review of the responses received from bidders, and has asked the in-house test manager to provide a review checklist for the test management aspects of the responses. Which of the following checkpoints would be appropriate? 2 credits

Options:

A.

The bidder’s test policy should enforce that incident management fully conforms to IEEE 1044.

B.

The bidder’s project strategy shows that the data content of all the test environments conforms to EU standards.

C.

The bidder’s test plan shows that the application will be delivered for acceptance in six months time.

D.

The bidder’s project test plan depicts a phased implementation with later delivery dates to be confirmed and states that test deliverables will be developed using IEEE 829 as a guide.

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Questions 33

Which of the following product risks would be most effectively addressed just by static testing? 3 credits

Options:

A.

In the delivered application, one of the countries, as specified in the requirements, has not been correctly implemented.

B.

The application takes too long to process a request for additional cover.

C.

The test cases do not cover the key requirements.

D.

The successful bidder may not deliver all the required functionality on time.

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Questions 34

Which of the following would you expect to see in the master test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.

A description of how the test cases are cross-referenced to requirements in the test management tool.

B.

A detailed identification of the resources that will carry out structural testing in the first iteration.

C.

The test approach that will be applied at system integration testing.

D.

A list of the names of the testers who will carry out the performance testing for the final iteration.

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Questions 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any life cycle model? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Analysis and design of tests begins as soon as development is completed.

B.

Some, but not all, development activities have corresponding test activities.

C.

Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.

D.

All document reviews involve the development team.

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Questions 36

Regarding the process described above, what is the most important recommendation you would make using IEEE 1044 as a guide? 2 credits

Options:

A.

No priority or severity assigned

B.

Incident numbering is manual rather than automated

C.

No mentioning of reproduceability

D.

No classification on type of incident

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Questions 37

Within the projects, a master test plan and phase test plan will be used. Following is a list of characteristics applicable for test plans:

a. Any deviation from the procedures described in the test

b. strategy document

c. The overall estimated costs, timescales and resource

d. requirements

e. A detailed schedule of testing activities

f. The development deliverables to be tested

g. Which test staff members (names) will be involved and when

h. Level of requirements coverage achieved

Which TWO of the above mentioned characteristics relate to the phase test plan? 1 credit

Options:

A.

a

B.

b

C.

c

D.

d

E.

e

F.

f

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Questions 38

Which of the following phases in the fundamental test process is considered to deliver a document which can be used as a major input for test process improvement? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Test planning and control

B.

Test implementation & execution

C.

Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

D.

Test project closure

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Questions 39

During test process improvement it is recommended to use standards where possible. Standards originate from various sources and they cover different subjects in relation to testing Pick TWO sources of software standards, useful to software testing from the ones mentioned below. 1 credit

Options:

A.

ISO 9126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

B.

ISA 4126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

C.

BS-7925-2 ‘Software testing. Software component testing is a national standard used internationally. It covers a number of testing techniques that may be useful both on component testing level and on system testing level.

D.

SY-395-01 ‘Standard for East Coast Hospital software’ is a regional standard adapted from a national one. Besides hospital software, this standard ought to be used also by other types of software system in the region.

E.

IEEE 829 ‘standard for software test documentation’ is an international standard to be following mandatory by all testing origination regardless of lifecycle models.

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Questions 40

Which of the following is least likely to be used as a technique to identify project and product risks? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Brainstorming

B.

Inspections

C.

Expert interviews

D.

Independent assessments

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Questions 41

Component testing may include:

Options:

A.

Sociability testing.

B.

User acceptance testing.

C.

Beta testing.

D.

The use of stubs and drivers.

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Questions 42

What is the Risk Priority Number for risk item number 2? 2 credits

Options:

A.

16

B.

2

C.

1

D.

63

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Questions 43

Select THREE issues from the options provided that should at least be raised. 1 credit

Options:

A.

Has there been sufficient comparison of tools?

B.

What are the problems we are trying to address?

C.

Do we have a set of tool requirements to validate the tool against?

D.

How will the implementation be organized?

E.

Which project will be selected to perform the tool pilot?

F.

Is customized training available?

G.

How will the change process be managed?

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Questions 44

Relying only on the information provided in the scenario, select the TWO items and/or features for which sufficient information is available to proceed with test design. 2 credits

Options:

A.

All supported credit cards

B.

Language localization

C.

Valid and invalid advances

D.

Usability

E.

Response time

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Questions 45

Given is the following defect removal chart reported at the end of system testing - showing total defects detected and closed defects (fixed and successfully retested). A number of open defects are classified as critical. All tests have been executed.

CTFL-Foundation Question 45

Based on the chart above, what is the most appropriate next test phase? 1 credit

Options:

A.

Acceptance testing to verify the business process

B.

Acceptance testing to verify operational requirements

C.

Requirements testing as part of testing regulatory compliance

D.

Another system test cycle to verify defect resolution

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Exam Code: CTFL-Foundation
Exam Name: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level
Last Update: May 16, 2024
Questions: 332

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