For which THREE of the following risk categories does IFRS 7 require sensitivity analysis?
The shares of a company in a high technology industry have been listed on a stock exchange for 10 years. During this period, it has paid no dividends but invested all retained earnings in growth. The company is now entering a period of relatively stable growth and the directors are considering beginning to pay dividends They are reviewing the following suggestions made by members of the board:
• Pay cash dividends linked to growth in earnings
• Use a residual theory approach to establish cash dividends
• Issue scrip dividends (shares instead of cash)
• Continue to pay no dividends as dividends are irrelevant to the value of the company
Which THREE of the following are correct statements for the directors to take into consideration when making a decision about future dividend policy?
Company MB is in negotiations to acquire the entire share capital of Company BBA. Information about each company is as follows:
It is expected that Company BBA's profit before interest and tax will be $30 million in each of the two years after acquisition. Company AAB is considering how best to structure the offer Company AAB's discount factor and appropriate cost of equity for use in valuing Company BBA is 10%
Shareholders taxation implications should be ignored
Which of the following provides the shareholders of Company BBA with the highest offer price?
An unlisted company:
Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate to value this company’s equity?
Company U has made a bid for the entire share capital of Company B.
Company U is offering the shareholders in Company B the option of either a share exchange or a cash alternative.
Advise the shareholders in Company B which THREE of the following would be considered disadvantages of accepting the cash consideration?
Which of the following explains an aim of integrated reporting in accordance with The International
D has US$10 million to invest over 12 months in either USS or GBP Its options are to invest in USS at the present USS interest rate of 10 18%. or to convert the USS to GBP at the spot rate GBP1 =US$1 61 and invest in GBP at an interest rate of 6.4%.
According to the interest rate parity theory, what will the one year forward rate be?
Give your answer to three decimal places.
Extracts from a company's profit forecast for the next financial year is as follows:
Since preparing the forecast, the company has decided to return surplus cash to shareholders by a share repurchase arrangement.
The share repurchase would result in the company purchasing 20% of the 2,000 million ordinary shares currently in issue and cancelling them.
Assuming the share repurchase went ahead, the impact on the company's forecast earnings per share will be an increase of:
ADC is planning to acquire DEF in order to benefit from the expertise of DEF's owner ‘managers Both are Listed companies. ADC is trying to decide whether to offer cash or shares in consideration for DEF's shares.
Which THREE of the following are advantages to ABC of offering shares to acquire CEF?
B, a European based modern art dealer, frequently imports and sells single high value items created in the United States. The price is fixed at the date of sale but the items are commissioned and made to order with a lead time of three to nine months depending on the individual specification
B holds payment for his customers from the point of purchase and passes funds when the items are shipped However, despite putting the money on short term deposit, there have been times when B's profits have been almost entirely eroded by adverse movements m interest rates Advise B by matching the appropriate instrument to B's requirements.
The following information relates to Company A's current capital structure:
Company A is considering a change in the capital structure that will increase gearing to 30:70 (Debt:Equity).
The risk -free rate is 3% and the return on the market portfolio is expected to be 10%.
The rate of corporate tax is 25%
Using the Capital Asset Pricing Model, calculate the cost of equity resulting from the proposed change to the capital structure.
The Board of Directors of a listed company have decided that it needs to increase its equity capital to ensure it is in a more stable financial position.
The shareholder profile is a mix of institutional and individual small shareholders.
The board is considering either:
• A scrip dividend
• A zero dividend
Which THREE of the following would be considered disadvantages of a scrip dividend compared to a zero dividend?
Company A plans to diversify by a cash acquisition of Company B an unlisted company in another country (Country B) which operates in a different industrial sector
Company A already manufactures its product in Country B and has a loan denominated in Country B's currency
Company A regularly suffers foreign exchange losses due to volatility in the exchange rate between the two countries' currencies in recent years.
Which THREE of the following appear to be be valid justifications of this diversification decision?
Company A is planning to acquire Company B at a price of $ 65 million by means of a cash bid.
Company A is confident that the merged entity can achieve the same price earnings ratio as that of Company A.
What does Company A expect the value of the merged entity to be post acquisition?
A profitable company wishes to dispose of a loss-making division that generated negative free cashflow in the last financial year.
The division requires significant new investment to return it to profitability.
Which of the following valuation approaches is likely to be the most useful to the company when negotiating the sales price?
A company raised fixed rate bank finance together with an interest rate swap for the same term and same principal value to pay floating receive fixed rate interest on an annual basis.
Which THREE of the following statements are correct?
A consultancy company is dependent for profits and growth on the high value individuals it employs.
The company has relatively few tangible assets.
Select the most appropriate reason for the net asset valuation method being considered unsuitable for such a company.
XYZ is a multi-national group with subsidiary AA in Country A and subsidiary BB in Country B. The capital structures of AA and BB are set up to take advantage of the lower tax rate in Country A Thin capitalisation rules in Country B will limit the ability for either AA or BB to claim tax relief on:
A company plans a four-year project which will be financed by either an operating lease or a bank loan.
Lease details:
• Four year lease contract.
• Annual lease rentals of $45,000, paid in advance on the 1st day of the year.
Other information:
• The interest rate payable on the bank borrowing is 10%.
• The capital cost of the project is $200,000 which would have to be paid at the beginning of the first year.
• A salvage or residual value of $100,000 is estimated at the end of the project's life.
• Purchased assets attract straight line tax depreciation allowances.
• Corporate income tax is 20% and is payable at the end of the year following the year to which it relates.
A lease-or-buy appraisal is shown below:
Which THREE of the following items are errors within the appraisal?
A large, listed company in the food and household goods industry needs to raise $50 million for a period of up to 6 months.
It has an excellent credit rating and there is almost no risk of the company defaulting on the borrowings. The company already has a commercial paper programme in place and has a good relationship with its bank.
Which of the following is likely to be the most cost effective method of borrowing the money?
Two listed companies in the same industry are joining together through a merger.
What are the likely outcomes that will occur after the merger has happened?
Select ALL that apply.
Which of the following would be a reason for a company to adopt a low dividend pay-out policy?
A company's current earnings before interest and taxation are $5 million.
These are expected to remain constant for the forseeable future.
The company has 10 million shares in issue which currently trade at $3.60.
It also has a $10 million long term floating rate loan.
The current interest rate on this loan is 5%.
The company pays tax at 20%.
The company expects interest rates to increase next year to 6% and it's Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio to move to 9.5 times by the end of next year.
What percentage reduction in the share price will occur by the end of next year if the interest rate increase and the P/E movement both occur?
An unlisted company is attempting to value its equity using the dividend valuation model.
Relevant information is as follows:
• A dividend of $500,000 has just been paid.
• Dividend growth of 8% is expected for the foreseeable future.
• Earnings growth of 6% is expected for the foreseeable future.
• The cost of equity of a proxy listed company is 15%.
• The risk premium required due to the company being unlisted is 3%.
The calculation that has been performed is as follows:
Equity value = $540,000 / (0.18 - 0.08) = $5,400,000
What is the fault with the calculation that has been performed?
A company with a market capitalisation of S50million is considering raising $1 million debt to fund a new 10-year capital investment protect
The value of this issue is considered to be small in comparison to the company's market capitalisation
The company is considering whether to raise the debt finance by either a "bond private placing' or a 'public bond issue.
Which THREE of the following statements are correct?
HHH Company has a fixed rate loan at 10.0%, but wishes to swap to variable. It can borrow at the risk-free rate +8%. The bank is currently quoting swap rates of 3.1% (bid) and 3.5% (ask). What net rate will HHH Company pay if it enters into the swap?
A company's current profit before interest and taxation is $1.1 million and it is expected to remain constant for the foreseeable future.
The company has 4 million shares in issue on which the earnings yield is currently 10%. It also has a $2 million bond in issue with a fixed interest rate of 5%.
The corporate income tax rate is 20% and is expected to remain unchanged.
Which of the following is the best estimate of the current share price?
A large, listed company in the food and household goods industry needs to raise $50 million for a period of up to 6 months.
It has an excellent credit rating and there is almost no risk of the company defaulting on the borrowings. The company already has a commercial paper programme in place and has a good relationship with its bank.
Which of the following is likely to be the most cost effective method of borrowing the money?
A company’s statement of financial position includes non-current assets which are leased, the tax regime follows the accounting treatment.
Which cash flows should be discounted when evaluating the cost of lease finance?
Company A has just announced a takeover bid for Company B. The two companies are large companies in the same industry_ The bid is considered to be hostile.
Company B's Board of Directors intends to try to prevent the takeover as they do not consider it to be in the best interests of shareholders
Which THREE of the following are considered to be legitimate post-offer defences?
A company is considering the issue of a convertible bond compared to a straight bond issue (non-convertible bond).
Director A is concerned that issuing a convertible bond will upset the shareholders for the following reasons:
• it will dilute their control
• the interest payments will be higher therefore reducing liquidity
• it will increase the gearing ratio therefore increasing financial risk
Director B disagrees, and is preparing a board paper to promote the issue of the convertible bond rather than a non-convertible.
Advise the Director B which THREE of the following statements should be included in his board paper to promote the issue of the convertible bond?
A company is currently all-equity financed with a cost of equity of 8%.
It plans to raise debt with a pre-tax cost of 4% in order to buy back equity shares.
After the buy-back, the debt-to-equity ratio at market values will be 1 to 2.
The corporate income tax rate is 30%.
Which of the following represents the company's cost of equity after the buy-back according to Modigliani and Miller's Theory of Capital Structure with taxes?
A listed company has recently announced a profit warning.
The company's share price fell 20% on the day of the announcement but had been fairly static in the weeks leading up to the announcement.
Which form of efficient market is most likely to be indicated by this share price movement?
A company has in a 5% corporate bond in issue on which there are two loan covenants.
• Interest cover must not fall below 3 times
• Retained earnings for the year must not fall below $3.5 million
The Company has 200 million shares in issue.
The most recent dividend per share was $0.04.
The Company intends increasing dividends by 10% next year.
Financial projections for next year are as follows:
Advise the Board of Directors which of the following will be the status of compliance with the loan covenants next year?
A listed company in the retail sector has accumulated excess cash.
In recent years, it has experienced uncertainly with forecasting the required level of cash for capital expenditure due to unpredictable economic cycles.
Its excess cash is on deposit earning negligible returns.
The Board of Directors is considering the company's dividend policy, and the need to retain cash in the company.
Which THREE of the following are advantages of retaining excess cash in the company?
A company has borrowings of S5 million on which it pays interest at 8%. It has an operating profit margin of 20%.
The company plans to increase borrowings by S2 million Interest on additional borrowings would be 10% and the operating profit margin would remain unchanged
A debt covenant attached to the new borrowings requires interest cover to be at least 4 times throughout the period of the borrowing
Interest cover is defined in the loan documentation as being based on operating profit
What is the minimum sales value required each year to avoid a breach of the interest cover covenant'
Company ABD and Company BCD operate in the same industry and each has a significant market share.
The directors of Company ABD have heard rumours in the market that Company BCD is planning to bid to takeover Company ABD. They do not believe the takeover would be in the best interests of the shareholders and are therefore keen to prevent the bid from going ahead.
Which THREE of the following defense strategies could be used by the directors of Company ABD at this point in time?
A company has identified potential profitable investments that would require a total of S50 million capital expenditure over the next two years The following information is relevant.
• The company has 100 million shares in issue and has a market capitalisation of S500 million
• It has a target debt to equity ratio of 40% based on market values This ratio is currently 30%
• Earnings for the current year are expected to be S1 00 million
• Its last dividend payment was $1 per share One of the company's objectives is to increase dividends by at least 10% each year
• The company has no cash reserves
Which of the following is the most suitable method of financing to meet the company's requirements?
A company plans to cut its dividend but is concerned that the share price will fall. This demonstrates the _____________ effect
A major energy company, GDE, generates and distributes electricity in country A. The government of country A is concerned about rising inflation and has imposed price controls on GDE, limiting the price it can charge per unit of electricity sold to both domestic and commercial customers. It is likely that price controls will continue for the foreseeable future.
The introduction of price controls is likely to reduce the profit for the current year from $3 billion to $1 billion.
The company has:
• Distributable reserves of $2 billion.
• Surplus cash at the start of the year of $1 billion.
• Plans to pay a total dividend of $1.5 billion in respect of the current year, representing a small annual increase as in previous years. However, no dividends have yet been announced.
Which THREE of the following responses would be MOST appropriate for GDE following the imposition of price controls?
Company R is a well-established, unlisted, road freight company.
In recent years R has come under pressure to improve its customer service and has had some cusses in doing this However, the cost of improved service levels has resulted In it marketing small losses in its latest financial year. This is the forest time R has not been profitable.
R uses a’ residual divided policy ad has paid dividends twice in the last 10 years.
Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for valuating R?
A company currently has a 6.25% fixed rate loan but it wishes to change the interest style of the loan to variable by using an interest rate swap directly with the bank.
The bank has quoted the following swap rate:
• 5.50% - 5.55% in exchange for LIBOR
LIBOR is currently 5%.
If the company enters into the swap and LIBOR remains at 5%, what will the company's interest cost be?
On 31 October 20X3:
• A company expected to agree a foreign currency transaction in January 20X4 for settlement on 31 March 20X4.
• The company hedged the currency risk using a forward contract at nil cost for settlement on 31 March 20X4.
• The transaction was correctly treated as a cash flow hedge in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.
On 31 December 20X3, the financial year end, the fair value of the forward contract was $10,000 (asset).
How should the increase in the fair value of the forward contract be treated within the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 20X3?
KKL is a listed sports clothing company with three separate business units. KKL is seeking to sell TT’, one of these business units
TTP cwns a new. brand of trail running shoes that have Droved hugely popular with lone distance runners. The management team of TTP are frustrated by the constraints imposes b/ KKL in managing tie brand and developing. the bus ness and they believe that TTF has huge growth potential.
The management team of TTP have approached KKL with a proposal to purchase 1~P through a management layout (MDO). KKL has accepted this proposal as TTP has not proved to be a good fit' with the rest of the business and has agreed on the selling price.
Which THREE of the following factors a-e mast Likely to affect the success of the MBO?
A company is based in Country Y whose functional currency is YS. It has an investment in Country Z whose functional currency is ZS This year the company expects to generate ZS20 million profit after tax.
Tax Regime
• Corporate income tax rate in Country Y is 60%
• Corporate income tax rate in Country Z Is 30%
• Full double tax relief is available
Assume an exchange rate of YS1 = ZS5
What is the expected profit after tax in YS if the ZS profit is remitted to Country Y?
A company's Board of Directors is assessing the likely impact of financing future new projects using either equity or debt.
The directors are uncertain of the effects on key variables.
Which THREE of the following statements are true?
Company Z has identified four potential acquisition targets: companies A, B, C and D.
Company Z has a current equity market value of $590 million.
The price it would have to pay for the equity of each company is as follows:
Only one of the target companies can be acquired and the consideration will be paid in cash.
The following estimations of the new combined value of Company Z have been prepared for each acquisition before deduction of the cash consideration:
Ignoring any premium paid on acquisition, which acquisition should the directors pursue?
Listed company R is in the process of making a cash offer for the equity of unlisted company S.
Company R has a market capitalisation of $200 million and a price/earnings ratio of 10.
Company S has a market capitalisation of $50 million and earnings of $7 million.
Company R intends to offer $60 million and expects to be able to realise synergistic benefits of $20 million by combining the two businesses. This estimate excludes the estimated $8 million cost of integrating the two businesses.
Which of the following figures need to be used when calculating the value of the combined entity in $ millions?
A company needs to raise $20 million to finance a project.
It has decided on a rights issue at a discount of 20% to its current market share price.
There are currently 20 million shares in issue with a nominal value of $1 and a market price of $5 per share.
Calculate the terms of the rights issue.
TTT pic is a listed company. The following information is relevant:
TTT pic's board is considering issuing new 6% irredeemable debt to re-purchase equity. This is expected to change TTT pic's debt to equity mix to 40: 60 by market value. The corporate tax rate is 20%.
What will be TTT pic's WACC following this change in capital structure?
A company plans to raise $12 million to finance an expansion project using a rights issue.
Relevant data:
• Shares will be offered at a 20% discount to the present market price of $15.00 per share.
• There are currently 2 million shares in issue.
• The project is forecast to yield a positive NPV of $6 million.
What is the yield-adjusted Theoretical Ex-Rights Price following the announcement of the rights issue?
Company A is a large well-established listed entertainment company and Company B is a small unlisted company specializing in providing online media streaming.
Company A has a gearing ratio of 60% (using book values) and interest cover of 2.
Company A is considering making an offer for Company B, either a cash offer financial by raising additional debt finance or a share-for-share exchange.
Which of the following is most likely to occur if Company A offers a share-for exchange rather than offering cash finance by raising debt?
Company J is in negotiations to acquire Company K and believes it can turn around Company K's performance to match its own.
The following information is available for the two companies:
Select the maximum price for each share that Company J should place on Company K during negotiations.
G pic wishes to borrow $5 million in 6 months, for a period of 3 months. A bank has quoted the following Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) rales:
3 v 9 6.55%-6.70% 6v9 6.70%-6 90%.
G pic can borrow at 0 75% above base rate, and the base rate is currently 6.25% Concerned that base rates may rise, G pic decides that it will hedge using an FRA
At the settlement date for the FRA, the base rate has risen to 7.50%
What is the effective interest rate paid by G pic for its borrowing?
Delta and Kappa both wish to borrow $50m.
Delta can borrow at a fixed rate of 12% or at a floating rate of the risk-free rate +3%
Kappa can borrow at 15% fixed or the risk-free rate +4%.
Delta wishes a variable rate loan and Kappa a fixed rate loan The bank for the two companies suggests a swap arrangement The two companies agree to a swap arrangement, sharing savings equally
What is the effective swap rate for each company?
The directors of a financial services company need to calculate a valuation of their company’s equity in preparation for an upcoming initial Public Offering (IPO) of shares. At a recent board meeting they discussed the various methods of business valuation.
The Chief Executive suggested using a Price-earing (P./E) method of valuation, but the finance Director argued that a valuation based on forecast cash flows to equity would be more appropriate.
Which THREE of the following are advantages of valuation based on forecast cash flows to equity, compared to a valuating using a price earnings methods?
G purchased a put option that grants the right to cap the interest on a loan at 10.0%. Simultaneously, G sold a call option that grants the holder the benefits of any decrease if interest rates fall below 8.5%.
Which THREE possible explanations would be consistent with G's behavior?
Company M is a listed company in a highly technical service industry.
The directors are considering making a cash offer for the shares in Company Q, an unquoted company in the same industry.
Relevant data about Company Q:
• The company has seen consistent growth in earnings each year since it was founded 10 years ago.
• It has relatively few non-current assets.
• Many of the employees are leading experts in their field. A recent exercise suggested that the value of the company's human capital exceeded the value of its tangible assets.
The directors and major shareholders of Company Q have indicated willingness to sell the company.
Before negotiations become too advanced, the directors of Company M are considering the benefits to their company that would follow the acquisition.
Which THREE of the following are the most likely benefits of the acquisition to Company M's shareholders?
A company's main objective is to achieve an average growth in dividends of 10% a year.
In the most recent financial year:
Sales are expected to grow at 8% a year over the next 5 years.
Costs are expected to grow at 5% a year over the next 5 years.
What is the minimum dividend payout ratio in 5 years' time that would allow the company to achieve its objective?
A company is financed as follows:
• 400 million $1 shares quoted at $3.00 each.
• $800 million 5% bonds quoted at par.
The company plans to raise $200 million long term debt to finance a project with a net present value of $100 million.
The bank that is providing the debt is insisting on a maximum gearing level covenant.
Gearing will be based on market values and calculated as debt/(debt + equity).
What is the lowest figure for the gearing covenant that the bank could impose without the company breaching the agreement?
Company A is planning to acquire Company B by means of a cash offer. The directors of Company B are prepared to recommend acceptance if a bid price can be agreed. Estimates of the net present value (NPV) of future cash flows for the two companies and the combined group post acquisition have been prepared by Company A’s accountant. There are as follows:
What is the maximum price that Company A should offer for the shares in Company B?
Give your answer to the nearest $ million
A private company was formed five years ago and is currently owned and managed by its five founders. The founders, who each own the same number of shares have generally co-operated effectively but there have also been a number of areas where they have disagreed
The company has grown significantly over this period by re-investing its earnings into new investments which have produced excellent returns
The founders are now considering an Initial Public Offering by listing 70% of the shares on the local stock exchange
Which THREE of the following statements about the advantages of a listing are valid?
A company plans to raise S15 million to finance an expansion project using a rights issue Relevant data
• Shares will be offered at a 20% discount to the present market price of S12 50 per share
• There are currently 3 million shares in issue
• The project is forecast to yield a positive NPV of $9 million
What is the yield-adjusted Theoretical Ex-Rights Price following the announcement of the rights issue?
A company's directors plan to increase gearing to come in line with the industry average of 40%. They need to know what the effect will be on the company's WACC.
According to traditional theory of gearing the WACC is most likely to:
A company wishes to raise additional debt finance and is assessing the impact this will have on key ratios.
The following data currently applies:
• Profit before interest and tax for the current year is $500,000
• Long term debt of $300,000 at a fixed interest rate of 5%
• 250,000 shares in issue with a share price of $8
The company plans to borrow an additional $200,000 on the first day of the year to invest in new project which will improve annual profit before interest and tax by $24,000.
The additional debt would carry an interest rate of 3%.
Assume the number of shares in issue remain constant but the share price will increase to $8.50 after the investment.
The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.
After the investment, which of the following statements is correct?
A listed company is planning a share repurchase.
The following data applies
• There are 20 million shares in issue
• The share repurchase will involve buying back 10% of the shares at a price of $1.20
• The company is holding $4.8 million cash
• Earnings for the current year ended are $3.6 million
The Directors are concerned about the impact that this repurchase programme will have on the company's cash balance and current year earnings per share (EPS) ratio.
Advise the directors which of the following statements is correct?
Company A plans to acquire Company B.
Both firms operate as wholesalers in the fashion industry, supplying a wide range of ladies' clothing shops.
Company A sources mainly from the UK, Company B imports most of its supplies from low-income overseas countries.
Significant synergies are expected in management costs and warehousing, and in economies of bulk purchasing.
Which of the following is likely to be the single most important issue facing Company A in post-merger integration?
A company is planning to issue a 5 year $100 million bond at a fixed rate of 6%.
It is also considering whether or not to enter into a 10 year $100 million swap to receive 5% fixed and pay Libor + 1% once a year.
The company predicts that Libor will be 4% over the life of the 5 years.
What is the impact of the swap on the company's annual interest cost assuming that the Libor prediction is correct?
On 1 January 20X1 a company entered into a S200 million interest rate swap with a bank at a fixed rate of 4% against the 6-month risk-free rate to hedge the interest rale risk on a floating rate borrowing.
6-month risk-free rate was as follows:
What is the net settlement due under the swap contract on 1 July 20X1?
A company has:
• 10 million $1 ordinary shares in issue
• A current share price of $5.00 a share
• A WACC of 15%
The company holds $10 million in cash. No interest is earned on this cash.
It will invest this in a project with an expected NPV of $4 million.
In a semi-strong efficient stock market, which of the following is the most likely share price immediately after the announcement of the new investment?
Company AB was established 6 years ago by two individuals who each own 50% of the shares.
Each individual heads a separate division within the company, which now has annual turnover of GBP10 million and employs 40 people.
Some of the employees are very highly paid as they are important contributors to the company's profitability.
The owners of the company wish to realise the full value of their investment within the next 12 months.
Which TWO of the following options are most likely to be acceptable exit strategies to the two owners of the company?
Company R is a major food retailer. It wishes to acquire Company S, a food manufacturer.
Company S currently supplies many stores owned by Company R with food products that it manufactures.
Company S is of similar size to Company R but has a lower credit rating.
Which of the following is most likely to be a synergistic benefit to R on purchasing S?
Company Y plans to diversify into an activity where Company X has an equity beta of 1.6, a debt beta of zero and gearing of 50% (debt/debt plus equity).
The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the market portfolio is expected to return 10%.
The rate of corporate income tax is 30%.
What would be the risk-adjusted cost of equity if Company Y has 60% equity and 40% debt?
The Treasurer of Z intends to use interest rate options to set an interest rate cap on Z’s borrowings.
Which of the following statement is correct?
RST wishes to raise at least $40 million of new equity by issuing up to 10 million new equity shares at a minimum price of $3.00 under an offer for sale by tender. It receives the following tender offers:
What is the maximum amount that RST can raise by this share issue?
(Give your answer to the nearest $ million).
When valuing an unlisted company, a P/E ratio for a similar listed company may be used but adjustments to the P/E ratio may be necessary.
Which THREE of the following factors would justify a reduction in the proxy p/e ratio before use?
ZZZ is a listed company based in Brinland. a European country. It is the largest owner and operator of residential care homes for elderly people in Brinland
Most of the residential care homes in Brinland are run by small private operators, and the standards of cafe are extremely variable However. 22Z has developed a good reputation because its client service is considered to be extremely good even though its prices are higher than those of most of its competitors.
ZZZ has expanded rapidly in the last few years, partly by acquisition and partly by organic growth consequently, the company's share price now stands at a record high, and the dividend declared at the end of the most recent accounting period was 10% higher than the previous year's dividend.
The Brinland government has recently set up a regulatory body to monitor the residential care homes industry. The regulatory body is considering introducing a variety of regulations to improve the customer experience in the industry. Following a period of consultation and investigation, the regulatory body is expected to announce a range of new regulations in the near future.
The directors of ZZZ are concerned that the new regulations may adversely affect their company
Which THREE of the following new regulations are likely to have the greatest negative impact on ZZTs performance?
The directors of a unlisted manufacturing company have prepared a valuation of their company using the price-earning method.
Their calculation is:
Value if the company‘s equity = $6 million x 10 =$60 million where.
Which THREE of the following are weakness of this valuation?
A listed company in a high growth industry, where innovation is a key driver of success has always operated a residual dividend policy, resulting in volatility in dividends due to periodic significant investments in research and development.
The company has recently come under pressure from some investors to change its dividend policy so that shareholders receive a consistent growing dividend. In addition, they suggested that the company should use more debt finance.
If the suggested change is made to the financial policies, which THREE of the following statements are true?
Company GDD plans to acquire Company HGG, an unlisted company which has been in business for 3 years.
Company HGG has incurred losses in its first 3 years but is expected to become highly profitable in the near future
There are no listed companies in the country operating in the same business field as Company HGG The future success of Company HGG's business and hence the future growth rate in earnings and dividends is difficult to determine
Company GDD is assessing the validity of using the dividend growth method to value Company HGG
Which THREE of the following are weaknesses of using the dividend growth model to value an unlisted company such as Company HGG?
A manufacturing company based in Country R. where the currency is the R$, has an objective of maintaining an operating profit margin of at least 10% each year
Relevant data:
• The company makes sales to Country S whose currency is the SS It also makes sales to Country T whose currency is the T$ " All purchases are from Country U whose currency is the US.
• The settlement of an transactions is in the currency of the customer or supplier
Which of the following changes would be most likely to help the company achieve its objective?
A company is considering taking out $10.000,000 of floating rate bank borrowings to finance a new project. The current rate available to the company on floating rate barrowings is 8%. The borrowings contain a covenant based on an interested cover of5times.
The project is expected to generate the following results:
At what interest rate on the floating rate borrowings is the bank covenant first breached?
A company is considering either exporting its product directly to customers in a foreign country or establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in that country.
The corporate tax rate in the company's own country is 20% and 25% tax depreciation allowances are available.
Which THREE of the following would be considered advantages of establishing the subsidiary in the foreign country?
A company's dividend policy is to pay out 50% of its earnings.
Its most recent earnings per share was $0.50, and it has just paid a dividend per share of $0.25.
Currently, dividends are forecast to grow at 2% each year in perpetuity and the cost of equity is 10.5%.
In order to grow its earnings and dividends, the company is considering undertaking a new investment funded entirely by debt finance. If the investment is undertaken:
• Its cost of equity will immediately increase to 12% due to the increased finance risk.
• Its earnings and dividends will immediately commence growing at 4% each year in perpetuity.
Which of the following is the expected percentage change in the share price if the new investment is undertaken?
A company has in a 5% corporate bond in issue on which there are two loan covenants.
• Interest cover must not fall below 3 times
• Retained earnings for the year must not fall below $3.5 million
The Company has 200 million shares in issue.
The most recent dividend per share was $0.04.
The Company intends increasing dividends by 10% next year.
Financial projections for next year are as follows:
Advise the Board of Directors which of the following will be the status of compliance with the loan covenants next year?
A company which is forecast to experience a strong growth in its profitability is evaluating a potential bond issue.
Which of the following changes in corporate income tax and in bond yields would make the bond issue more attractive to the company?
Which THREE of the following long term changes are most likely to increase the credit rating of a company?
A new company was set up two years ago using the personal financial resources of the founders.
These funds were used to acquire suitable premises.
The company has entered into a long-term lease on the premises which are not yet fully fitted out.
The founders are considering requesting loan finance from the company's bank to fund the purchase of custom-made advanced technology equipment.
No other companies are using this type of equipment.
The company expects to continue to be profitable for the forseeable future.
It re-invests some of its surplus cash in on-going essential research and development.
Which THREE of the following features are likely to be considered negatives by the bank when assessing the company's credit-worthiness?
Which of the following statements about companies seeking a stock market listing is correct?
Using the CAPM, the expected return for a company is 11%. The market return is 8% and the risk free rate is 2%.
What does the beta factor used in this calculation indicate about the risk of the company?
An unlisted company operates in a niche market, exploring the west coast of Africa for new oiI reservoirs.
The oil exploration program has been successful in recent years and t now has a substantial amount of oil reserves with a high level of certainty of being recoverable Under financial reporting regulations, oil still in the ground is not recognised as an asset unit is extracted.
The expense of the exploration program has used up all the company’s available cash resources.
The company has denied to list or a stock market and raise finds through an initial public offering to finance its drilling program.
Which of the following valuation methods in the appropriate to use in calculating an initial listing price for this company?
A company is deciding whether to offer a scrip dividend or a cash dividend to its shareholders.
Although the company has excellent long-term growth prospects, it is experiencing short-term profit and cash flow problems.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be a reason for choosing the scrip dividend?
An unlisted company.
• Is owned by the original founders and members of their families
• Pays annual dividends each year depending on the cash requirements of the dominant shareholders.
• Has earnings that are highly sensitive to underlying economic conditions.
• Is a small business in a large Industry where there are listed companies with comparable capital structures
Which of the following methods is likely to give the most accurate equity value for this unlisted company?
Using the CAPM, the expected return for a company is 10%. The market return is 7% and the risk free rate is 1%.
What does the beta factor used in this calculation indicate about the risk of the company?
When valuing an unlisted company, a P/E ratio for a similar listed company may be used but adjustments to the P/E ratio may be necessary.
Which THREE of the following factors would justify a reduction in the proxy p/e ratio before use?
A company needs to raise $20 million to finance a project.
It has decided on a rights issue at a discount of 20% to its current market share price.
There are currently 20 million shares in issue with a nominal value of $1 and a market price of $5 per share.
Calculate the terms of the rights issue.
VVV has a floating rate loan that it wishes to replace with a fixed rate. The cost of the existing loan is the risk-free rate + 3%. VW would have to pay a fixed rate of 7% on a fixed rate loan VVVs bank has found a potential counterparty for a swap arrangement.
The counterparty wishes to raise a variable rate loan It would pay the risk-free rate +1 % on a variable rate loan and 8% on a fixed rate.
The bank will require 10% of the savings from the swap and WV and the counterparty will share the remaining saving equally.
Calculate VWs effective rate of interest from this swap arrangement.
Company A needs to raise AS500 mi lion to invest in a new project and is considering using a pub ic issue of bonds to finance the investment.
Which THREE of the following statements-relating to this bond issue are true?
WX, an advertising agency, has just completed the all-cash acquisition of a competitor, YZ. This was seen by the market as a positive strategic move byWX.
Which THREE of the following will WX's shareholders expect the company's directors to prioritise following the acquisition?
Z wishes to borrow at a floating rate and has been told that it can use swaps to reduce the effective interest rate it pays. Z can borrow floating at Libor ' 1, and fixed at 10%.
Which of the following companies would be the most appropriate for Z to enter into a swap with?
A company has:
• $7 million market value of equity
• $5 million market value of debt
• WACC of 9.375%
• Corporate income tax rate of 15%
According to Modigliani and Miller's theory of capital structure with tax, what is the ungeared cost of equity?
NNN is a company financed by both equity and debt. The directors of NNN wish to calculate a valuation of the company's equity and at a recent board meeting discussed various methods of business valuation.
Which THREE of the following are appropriate methods for the directors of NNN to use in this instance?
A project requires an initial outlay of $2 million which can be financed with either a bank loan or finance lease.
The company will be responsible for annual maintenance under either option.
The tax regime is:
• Tax depreciation allowances can be claimed on purchased assets.
• If leased using a finance lease, tax relief can be claimed on the interest element of the lease payments and also on the accounting depreciation charge.
The trainee management accountant has begun evaluating the lease versus buy decision and has produced the following data. He is not confident that all this information is relevant to this decision.
Using only the relevant data, which of the following is correct?
A company is deciding whether to offer a scrip dividend or a cash dividend to its shareholders.
Although the company has excellent long-term growth prospects, it is experiencing short-term profit and cash flow problems.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be a reason for choosing the scrip dividend?
A listed company with a growing share price plans to finance a four-year research project with debt.
The main criterion for the finance is to minimise the annual cashflow payments on the debt.
The research will be sold at the end of the project.
Which of the following would be the most suitable financing method for the company?
Where a company acquires another company, which THREE of the following offer the greatest potential for enhancing shareholder wealth?
A company has convertible bonds in issue.
The following debt is apply (31 December 20X0):
• Conversion ratio- 20 shares for each $130 bond.
• Current share price - $4 50
• Expected annual growth in share price - 5%
Advise the bond Holder at which date the convers on would be worthwhile?
The Senior Management Team of ABC, an owner-managed, capital intensive start-up engineering business, is considering the options for its dividend policy. It has so far been a successful business and is expanding quickly Once in place, the Senior Management Team anticipates that its current investment plans will yield returns for many years to come The first agenda item at every meeting currently concerns arranging and funding new equipment and premises.
Which of the following dividend policies is likely to be the most suitable?
The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) was formed in August 2010 and brings together a cross-section of representatives from a wide variety of business sectors.
The primary purpose of the IIRC's framework is to help enable an organsation to communicate how it:
Company A has made an offer to take over all the shares in Company B on the following terms:
• For every 20 shares currently held, Company B's shareholders will receive $100 bond with a coupon rate of 3%
• The bond will be repaid in 10 years' time at its par value of $100.
• The current yield on 10 year bonds of similar risk is 6%.
What is the effective offer price per share being made to Company B's shareholders?
CI IJ has decided to move its production plant to overseas country X. This would make the product cheaper to produce. The technology used to make the product is very advanced and some of the skilled staff would have to move to country X.
The Production Director has identified that there are some political risks in moving to county X.
For each of the political risks of moving to country X shown below, select the correct method for reducing the risk.
A company s about to announce a new project that has a positive NPV.
If the market is semi-strong form efficient, which of the following statements is most Likely to be true?
The value of the company will.
A venture capitalist invests in a company by means of buying
* 6 million shares for $3 a share and
• 7% bonds with a nominal value of $2 million, repayable at par in 3 years' time
The venture capitalist expects a return on the equity portion of the investment of at least 20% a year on a compound basis over the first 3 years of the investment
The company has 8 million shares in issue
What is the minimum total equity value for the company in 3 years' time required to satisfy the venture capitalist's expected return?
Give your answer to the nearest $ million
Company A operates in country A and uses currency AS. It is looking to acquire Company B which operates in country B and uses currency B$. The following information is relevant:
The assistant accountant at Company A has prepared the following valuation of company B's equity, however there are some errors in his calculations.
Value of Company B's equity = 14.16 + 16.03 + 17.67 = AS47.86 million
Company B has BS5 million of debt finance.
Which of the following THREE statements are true?
A company wishes to raise new finance using a rights issue to invest in a new project offering an IRR of 10%
The following data applies:
• There are currently 1 million shares in issue at a current market value of $4 each.
• The terms of the rights issue will be $3.50 for 1 new share for 5 existing shares.
• The company's WACC is currently 8%.
What is the yield-adjusted theoretical ex-rights price (TERP)?
Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
$ ?
Company A is based in country A with the AS as its functional currency. It expects to receive BS20 million from Company B in settlement of an export invoice.
The current exchange rate is A$1 =B$2 and the daily standard deviation of this exchange rate = 0 5%
What is the one-day 95% VaR in AS?
A company has:
• $6 million market value of equity
• $4 million market value of debt
• WACC of 11.04%
• Corporate income tax rate of 20%
According to Modigliani and Miller's theory of capital structure with tax, what is the ungeared cost of equity?
Company A plans to acquire Company B in a 1-for-1 share exchange.
Pre-acquisition information is as follows:
Post-acquisition information is as follows:
If the acquisition proceeds, what is the expected percentage increase in the post acquisition share price of Company A?
Company A has agreed to buy all the share capital of Company B.
The Board of Directors of Company A believes that the post-acquisition value of the expanded business can be computed using the "boot-strapping" concept.
Which of the following most accurately describes "boot-strapping" in this context?
A company's current earnings before interest and taxation are $5 million.
These are expected to remain constant for the forseeable future.
The company has 10 million shares in issue which currently trade at $3.60.
It also has a $10 million long term floating rate loan.
The current interest rate on this loan is 5%.
The company pays tax at 20%.
The company expects interest rates to increase next year to 6% and it's Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio to move to 9.5 times by the end of next year.
What percentage reduction in the share price will occur by the end of next year if the interest rate increase and the P/E movement both occur?
A manufacturing company is based in Country L whose currency is the L$.
One of the company's products is exported to Country M, a rapidly growing economy, whose currency is the M$.
In the most recent financial year:
• 100,000 units of the product were sold to customers in country M
• The unit selling price was M$12
The spot rate today is L$1 = M$5
The company has an objective of growth in total sales value in L$ of 10% a year.
If the L$ strengthens by 5% next year against the M$, what volume of sales of this product is needed next year to achieve the objective?
XCV can borrow at either 9.5% fixed or the risk-free rate plus 1.3%.
XCV wishes to borrow at a variable rate and thinks that a swap may enable it to do so cheaply
BNM can borrow the same principal sum as XCV It can borrow at 10 5% fixed or the risk-free rate plus 2 1 % BNM wishes to raise fixed rate debt
XCV and BNM have agreed to use an interest rate swap They will share any savings equally
Calculate the effective swap rate that will be paid by XCV.
Give your answer to one decimal place.
The Government of Eastland is concerned that competition within its private healthcare industry is being distorted by the dominant position of the market leader, Delta Care. The Government has instructed the industry regulator to investigate whether the industry is operating fairly in the interests of patients.
Which of the following factors might the industry regulator review as part of their investigation?
Select ALL that apply.
Company HJK is planning to bid for listed company BNM
Financial data for BNM for the financial year ended 31 December 20X1:
HJK is not forecasting any growth in these figures for the foreseeable future
Profit and cost data above should be assumed to be equivalent to cash flow data when answenng this question
Which THREE of the following approaches would be most appropriate for HJK to use to value the equity of BNM?
Which THREE of the following would be most important if a hospital wishes to review the effectiveness of its services?
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TESTED 19 Apr 2024
