H19-338 HCSP-Presales-Storage Questions and Answers

HQoS (Hierarchical Quality of Service) is a technology that provides hierarchical per-user-per-service scheduling and quality guarantee for VIP users and high-priority services. HQoS can implement fine-grained traffic control and service differentiation based on user groups, service types, and service priorities. The control device and access device are not virtualized into one device by HQoS.

 NE8000 X4 and X8 are high-end core routers designed for large-scale IP backbone networks, data centers, and metro networks . They support various redundancy designs to ensure high availability and reliability, such as MPU (Main Processing Unit) 1+1 backup, SFU (Switch Fabric Unit) 7+1 backup, and PEM (Power Entry Module) 1+1 backup . MPU 1+1 backup means that two MPUs work in active/standbymode and provide control plane redundancy . SFU 7+1 backup means that eight SFUs work in N+1 mode and provide data plane redundancy . PEM 1+1 backup means that two PEMs work in active/standby mode and provide power supply redundancy . The NE8000 X4 and X8 do not support power supply 9+1 backup, which is a feature of the NE8000 X16 router .

The leader AP does not establish a CAPWAP tunnel with the fit AP. The leader AP communicates with the fit AP through the management VLAN, and the fit AP establishes a CAPWAP tunnel with the AC. In tunnel forwarding mode, user traffic needs to pass through the leader AP. In direct forwarding mode, user traffic is directly transmitted from the AP egress rather than from the leader AP. In tunnel forwarding mode, the leader AP can manage more fit APs than in direct forwarding mode.

BGP EVPN is a control plane protocol that can be used for VXLAN networks . VXLAN is a technology that creates overlay networks to extend Layer 2 connectivity across Layer 3 networks . BGP EVPN has the following functions as a VXLAN control plane protocol:

It automatically establishes the VXLAN tunnel between VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints), which are devices that encapsulate and decapsulate VXLAN packets . You do not need to manually configure a full-mesh tunnel between all VTEPs, which reduces the configuration complexity and improves the scalability .

It advertises host routes and MAC address entries on the control plane, which are used to learn the location of hosts and their corresponding VTEPs . This reduces the unknown traffic flooding that occurs when the destination MAC address is unknown, and optimizes the packet forwarding by using optimal paths .

It implements Layer 2 interconnection between data centers in different networking modes, such as bridging, routing, or integrated routing and bridging (IRB) . This enables seamless communication between hosts in different subnets or VLANs across data centers .

It advertises subnet routes to implement Layer 3 interconnection of data centers through VXLAN tunnels . This enables routing between different subnets or VLANs across data centers without requiring an external gateway device .

Huawei CloudFabric solution has been awarded Gartner’s “Customer Choice” three times by March 2021. According to the Huawei CloudFabric Solution Wins Gartner Peer Insights Customers’ Choice for Third Consecutive Year article, Huawei CloudFabric solution received this honor in 2019, 2020, and 2021.

The iMaster NCE-Fabric cannot be deployed in a single-node system. According to the iMaster NCE-Fabric Product Overview, iMaster NCE-Fabric is a distributed system that consists of three nodes: the management node, the control node, and the analysis node. The management node provides basic management functions, such as configuration, monitoring, and alarm management. The control node provides control functions, such as VXLAN tunnel establishment and policy association. The analysis node provides analysis functions, such as network health analysis, fault diagnosis, and performance optimization.

 Policy association achieves policy flexibility and network simplicity on large campus networks. With policy association, user access policies are centrally managed on the gateway devices and enforced by gateway and access devices. According to the Huawei CloudCampus Solution Description, policy association is a feature that allows user policies to be associated with user groups, service types, or service priorities, rather than IP addresses or VLANs. Policy association simplifies network configuration and management, and improves user experience.

CloudCampus Solution is a cloud-based network management platform that provides plug-and-play of devices using three common deployment modes: QR code scanning for deployment, DHCP Option 148, and registration query center deployment . QR code scanning for deployment allows users to scan the QR code on the device label using a mobile app and automatically add the device to the cloud platform . DHCP Option 148 allows devices to obtain the cloud platform address from a DHCP server and automatically register with the cloud platform . Registration query center deployment allows devices to obtain the cloud platform address from a registration query center server and automatically register with the cloud platform . These deployment modes simplify the network configuration and management process and reduce the OPEX .

The free mobility function allows users to obtain the consistent network access policy regardless of their location and IP address, but it does not require the network to be made up entirely of Huawei devices. According to the Huawei CloudCampus Solution Description, free mobility is supported on a hybrid network consisting of Huawei and third-party devices, and the authentication point can be deployed on third-party devices.

NE8000 M14 cannot be deployed in a 300 mm-deep cabinet. According to the Huawei NetEngine 8000 M14 Routers Support Guide1, the NE8000 M14 requires a cabinet with a depth of at least 800 mm.

Compared with common Ethernet, the NOF+ scenario greatly improves usability and reliability. According to the Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution White Paper, NOF+ (Network-Oriented Fabric+) is a data center network architecture that supports both Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity between servers and leaf nodes. NOF+ uses VXLAN technology to create overlay networks on top of theunderlay network, which improves network scalability, flexibility, and security. NOF+ also uses M-LAG technology to provide link redundancy and load balancing between leaf nodes and servers, which improves network availability and performance.

The maximum single-radio rate supported by Wi-Fi 6 products is 9.6 Gbit/s. This is achieved by using 1024-QAM modulation, 160 MHz channel bandwidth, and 8 spatial streams1

Dielectric constant does not affect radio throughput. According to Shannon’s theorem4, radio throughput is determined by the bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel. Dielectric constant is aproperty of the medium that affects the propagation speed and wavelength of electromagnetic waves, but not the information-carrying capacity.

M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) is the recommended networking mode for leaf switches. According to the Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution White Paper, M-LAG enables multiple leaf switches to form a logical device that provides high availability, load balancing, and simplified management.

The redundancy design of key components of the S12700E series switches can achieve 99.999% reliability. According to the CloudEngine S12700E Series Switches Datasheet, CloudEngine S12700E series switches support N+1 backup for MPUs, SFUs, CMUs, and power modules, as well as hot swapping for all components, ensuring high availability and reliability.