Virginia-Life-Annuities-and-Health-Insurance Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance Examination Series 11-01 Questions and Answers

Virginia Code § 38.2-3205 governs policy loans in life insurance. When an insured borrows against the policy’s cash value and fails to repay the loan (principal plus interest), the outstanding amount is deducted from the death benefit upon the insured’s death. Option C correctly states this reduction. Option A is false; premiums are fixed unless the policy is adjustable, and loans don’t alter them. Option B is incorrect; dividends depend on insurer performance and policy terms, not loan repayment, though they might be applied to reduce the loan if elected. Option D is wrong; immediate lapse occurs only if the loan exceeds the cash value and premiums aren’t paid, not simply from non-repayment. The study guide likely stresses that the death benefit is the primary adjustment mechanism, ensuring the insurer recovers the loan while honoring the policy, making Cthe accurate choice.

Virginia Code § 38.2-5200 defines ADLs (Activities of Daily Living, option C) as essential tasks—e.g., bathing, dressing, eating—used to determine LTC benefit eligibility (typically inability to perform 2 of 6). Option A (aggregate dollar limits) refers to coverage caps, not ADLs. Option B(aggregate days limitation) might confuse with elimination periods, not ADLs. Option D (approved doctor lists) relates to provider networks, not functional criteria. The study guide likely details ADLs with examples—e.g., needing help with mobility—emphasizing their role in claims, making C the correct term.

In insurance contract law, per Virginia Code § 38.2-102, a contract requires consideration—something of value exchanged to make it legally binding. Option C (consideration) fits this definition: the insured’s premium payment and the insurer’s promise of coverage form the mutual value. Option A (grant) implies a unilateral transfer, not a contract element. Option B (codicil) is a will amendment, irrelevant to insurance contracts. Option D (covenant) is a promise within a contract, not the value exchanged. The study guide likely explains consideration as a foundational principle, using examples like a $500 premium for a $100,000 policy, distinguishing it from other legal terms. Virginia follows common law requiring consideration for enforceability, making C theprecise answer.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Medicare Part D (C) specifically covers prescription drug costs for enrollees.

Medical expenses (A) are under Part B, hospital costs (B) under Part A, and dental (D) is generally not covered by Medicare unless supplemental.

The Virginia study guide states that Medicare Part D, introduced in 2006, provides prescription drug coverage through private plans, distinct from Parts A and B. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Medicare."

Virginia Code § 38.2-1809 mandates that licensees maintain specific records for regulatory oversight and consumer protection. Option A (accounting records of premium payments) is required to track funds received and remitted, ensuring financial accountability (e.g., premiums collected for a $1,000 policy). Option B (files of insurance applications on current policies) must be kept as part of the contract and for audit purposes, per § 38.2-1810. Option C (policy renewal notices) is required to document communication with policyholders about ongoing coverage, ensuring transparency. Option D (premium quotations of unissued policies) is not mandated; while agents may provide quotes (e.g., $500 annually for a term policy), these are preliminary offers, not binding until a policy is issued, and Virginia law doesn’t require retaining them unless they result in a transaction. The study guide likely details recordkeeping in a compliance chapter, contrasting required records (A, B, C) with optional ones like quotes (D), using examples—e.g., keeping a paid policy’s file but not a rejected quote—making D the item not required. This reflects Virginia’s focus on executed contracts over prospective ones.

Virginia Code § 38.2-4306 mandates that Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) provide comprehensive health services, including emergency care, as a core benefit. Emergency services must be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (option D) to ensure immediate access to life-saving treatment, aligning with federal and state standards (e.g., ACA requirements under 42 CFR § 422.113). This reflects the HMO’s obligation to cover urgent needs—e.g., a heart attack at 2 a.m.—via in-network facilities or out-of-network reimbursement if necessary. Option A (16 hours, 6 days) and Option B (16 hours, 7 days) fall short of the continuous access requirement, limiting coverage unreasonably. Option C (24 hours, 6 days) excludes one day, contradicting the nonstop mandate. The study guide likely emphasizes this 24/7 rule in an HMO benefits section, with examples like ER visits covered anytime, making D the correct standard. This ensures HMOs meet Virginia’s consumer protection goals under § 38.2-4300 et seq., distinguishing them from less comprehensive plans.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The notice of claim provision typically deems notice to an agent as notice to the company (B), as agents act on the insurer’s behalf.

Options A (incomplete), C (not valid), and D (contrary) contradict standard practice unless the policy specifies otherwise.

The Virginia study guide, per NAIC model laws, confirms that notice to an agent satisfies the notice of claim requirement, equating it to notice to the insurer. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, andHealth Insurance study guide, section on "Health Insurance Claims Provisions."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) insurance (B) provides a lump sum benefit for specific losses, such as loss of sight in both eyes, due to an accident.

Hospital expense (A) covers hospital stays, not lump sums for dismemberment.

Major medical (C) and medical expense (D) cover healthcare costs, not specific injury benefits.

The Virginia study guide describes AD&D as providing lump sum payments for accidental death or specific injuries like loss of sight, distinct from medical expense coverage. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Health Insurance Types."

Virginia Code § 38.2-503 prohibits unfair or deceptive advertising in insurance, including Accident and Sickness policies. Terms like “reductions” (option A), “exclusions” (option B), and “pre-existing conditions” (option C) are factual policy features that must be disclosed clearly under Virginia Administrative Code 14VAC5-41-10 et seq., ensuring transparency. However, “unlimited benefits” (option D) is misleading if untrue, as all policies have limits (e.g., maximum benefits or coverage caps). Advertising “unlimited benefits” without substantiation violates Virginia’s rules against exaggerated or false claims, risking consumer deception. The study guide likely warns against such terms, citing examples where insurers faced penalties for overstating coverage, making D the prohibited choice.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Disability income policies exclude benefits for intentional self-inflicted injuries (B) to prevent abuse or fraud.

Permanent injuries (A), sporting accidents (C), and falls (D) are typically covered unless specifically excluded by the policy.

The Virginia study guide states that disability income insurance excludes self-inflicted injuries as a standard provision to ensure coverage applies to unforeseen events. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Disability Income Insurance."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Employer-paid premiums for qualified long-term care insurance are treated as a business expense and are tax-deductible for the employer (B), provided the plan meets IRS requirements.

These premiums are not included in the employee’s gross income (A), as they are tax-exempt benefits under IRC Section 106.

Employees cannot deduct these premiums (C) since they are employer-paid.

Reimbursement (D) does not apply.

The Virginia study guide, aligned with IRS rules, notes that employer-paid premiums for qualified long-term care insurance are deductible as a business expense and excluded from employees’ taxable income. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Taxation of Insurance Benefits."

Virginia Code § 38.2-1820 requires licensees (agents, agencies, or other entities) operating under an assumed or fictitious name to register that name with the Bureau of Insurance. This ensures transparency and consumer protection by linking all business names to the licensed entity. The statute specifies notification either at the time of license application or within 30 calendar days after adopting the assumed name, making option A correct. This timeline allows the Bureau to update records promptly without undue delay. Option B (60 days from first policy sale) introduces an unrelated trigger—policy sales—and extends the period beyond Virginia’s requirement, making it incorrect. Option C (license renewal) delays notification unnecessarily, as renewals occur biennially (Virginia Code § 38.2-1822), conflicting with the need for timely registration. Option D (30 days before discontinuing the name) is illogical; notification is required when adopting, not abandoning, a name. The study guide likely stresses this 30-day rule to ensure compliance with Virginia’s licensing oversight, reinforcing A as the precise answer based on regulatory intent and practice.

Virginia Code § 38.2-3508 governs cancellation of individual health insurance policies. For the insured to cancel, they must notify the insurer in writing (option A), specifying intent to terminate, typically effective upon receipt or a stated date, per policy terms. This formal notice ensures clarity and protects both parties, aligning with contract law principles. Option B (replace with another policy) is a practical choice but not a legal requirement; cancellation can occur without replacement. Option C (challenge mandatory provisions) is nonsensical; uniform provisions (e.g., grace period, per § 38.2-3503) are standard and unrelated to cancellation. The study guide likely outlines this process in a policyholder rights section, with examples—e.g., a letter stating “Cancel effective 5/1/2025”—emphasizing written notice as the sole requirement, making A the correct action.

Virginia insurance law (Title 38.2, Chapter 18) recognizes three types of agent authority: express, implied, and apparent. Express authority (option B) is explicitly granted by the insurer in the agency agreement (e.g., soliciting policies), per Virginia Code § 38.2-1800 et seq. Implied authority (option C) is unwritten power to perform incidental acts necessary for express duties (e.g., collecting premiums). Apparent authority (option A) arises when a third party reasonably believes the agent has authority based on the insurer’s actions (e.g., providing branded materials), binding the insurer legally. Option D (residual authority) is not a recognized term in Virginia insurance or agency law; “residual” might relate to markets or benefits elsewhere, but not agent authority. The study guide likely outlines these three authorities with examples, excluding D as a fabricated or irrelevant concept, making it the exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Health insurance covers claims incurred during the policy period (A), not after termination (B), unless extended benefits (e.g., COBRA) apply, which is not indicated here.

Claims above the deductible (C), regardless of amount, are payable if covered.

Mental or nervous disorder claims (D) are typically covered unless excluded by the policy, which is not specified.

Thus, claims after termination (B) are the exception.

The Virginia study guide states that health insurance liability ends upon policy termination, barring specific continuation provisions, making post-termination claims generally non-payable. Reference:Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Health Insurance Coverage Terms."

Virginia Code § 38.2-1826(C) requires licensees, including insurance agents, to report any felony conviction to the State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Insurance within 30 calendar days of the final disposition (option C). “Final disposition” means the court’s conclusive ruling—e.g., sentencing after a guilty plea. This rule ensures the Bureau can assess the agent’s fitness to retain their license, protecting the public from untrustworthy practitioners. Option A (10 days) is too short and not specified in Virginia law for this purpose. Option B (20 days) lacks statutory support and falls between standard reporting periods. Option D (60 days) exceeds the mandated timeline, delaying oversight. The study guide likely highlights this 30-day deadline in a licensing compliance section, with examples—e.g., an agent convicted of fraud on June 1 must report by July 1—aligning with Virginia’s adoption of NAIC standards for licensee integrity (Virginia Code § 38.2-1800 et seq.), making C the precise requirement.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

In Virginia, unintentional violations by an agent can result in fines, with a maximum aggregate penalty of $10,000 (C) for similar violations, as set by state insurance regulations.

Options A, B, and D deviate from this standard cap for unintentional acts.

The Virginia study guide, aligned with Virginia Code, specifies a $10,000 maximum aggregate penalty for unintentional violations, with higher penalties possible for willful acts. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Penalties and Enforcement."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandates 10 Essential Health Benefits, including hospitalization (A), laboratory services (B), and preventive care (D), but adult dental services (C) are not included (pediatric dental care is, however).

Adult dental is often an optional or separate coverage, not a required benefit.

The Virginia study guide, aligned with ACA regulations, lists the 10 Essential Health Benefits, excluding adult dental services while including pediatric dental and vision as distinct categories. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Affordable Care Act."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Excess charges in Medicare occur when a provider charges more than the Medicare-approved amount, and the insured (D) is responsible for the difference unless covered by supplemental insurance.

The Social Security Administration (A) and CMS (B) administer Medicare, not pay claims.

Providers (C) may charge excess but don’t absorb it unless they accept assignment.

The Virginia study guide explains that Medicare beneficiaries bear excess charges unless a provider accepts Medicare assignment or a Medigap policy covers them. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Medicare Basics."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

In a PPO, using a non-preferred (out-of-network) provider typically results in higher out-of-pocket expenses (A) due to lower reimbursement rates (e.g., 60% vs. 80% in-network) and potential excess charges.

Option B (full cost) may apply to HMOs, not PPOs, which still offer some coverage. Option C (100% reimbursement) is false. Option D (waiting period) is unrelated to provider choice.

The Virginia study guide explains that PPOs offer flexibility to use out-of-network providers, but at a higher cost to the insured due to reduced coinsurance or additional charges. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Managed Care Plans."

Under IRC § 1035, certain insurance exchanges avoid immediate taxation: option B (life to annuity), option C (annuity to annuity), and option D (life to life) qualify if like-kind and properly executed, deferring gains. Option A (annuity to life) isn’t permitted tax-free; annuities (income-focused) and life insurance (death-benefit-focused) aren’t “like-kind,” triggering taxable gain recognition. Virginia Code § 38.2-3100 et seq. aligns with federal tax rules. The study guide likely explains § 1035 exchanges with examples—e.g., swapping a $50,000 life policy for an annuity tax-free (B)—noting A’s taxable status due to product mismatch, making it the exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Agents assist underwriting by collecting application data (A), obtaining additional info (C), and reporting material facts (D), but determining the final rate classification (B) is the insurer’s underwriter’s role, not the agent’s.

Rate classification involves risk assessment, which is beyond an agent’s authority.

The Virginia study guide specifies that agents facilitate underwriting by providing accurate information, while the insurer’s underwriters set rates based on that data. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Underwriting Process."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Term life insurance’s primary advantage is its lower initial premium (D) compared to whole life for the same death benefit, due to its temporary nature and lack of cash value.

Option A (same cost) is false; term is cheaper. Option B (cost-effective long-term) is incorrect; premiums rise with renewals. Option C (permanent) applies to whole life, not term.

The Virginia study guide highlights that term life insurance offers affordable initial premiums for temporary coverage, making it attractive for short-term needs compared to whole life. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Types of Life Insurance."

Virginia Code § 38.2-4306 mandates HMO benefits, focusing on comprehensive care. Option A (wellness programs) is common, promoting prevention (e.g., smoking cessation). Option C (24-hour emergency care) is required, ensuring access via PCP coordination or direct ER services. Option D (outpatient services) is standard, covering clinic visits. Option B (discounts on local health spa memberships) isn’t a typical HMO feature; while some plans offer wellness incentives, spa discounts are ancillary, not a core benefit under Virginia law or NAIC HMO models. The study guide likely lists HMO staples (A, C, D) with examples—e.g., annual checkups (D)—contrasting them with optional perks like B, making it the exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

A foreign insurer (A) is an insurance company operating in a state other than its state of domicile (where it is incorporated).

A domestic insurer (B) operates in its home state. An alien insurer (C) is domiciled outside the U.S. A captive insurer (D) insures its parent company, not based on location.

The Virginia study guide defines a foreign insurer as one licensed to do business in Virginia but incorporated in another state, per insurance regulatory terminology. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Insurance Company Types."

Virginia Code § 38.2-3500 et seq. governs major medical plans, which cover catastrophic costs like hospital expenses (option A), physicians’ visits (option C), and surgical expenses (option D). Option B (custodial care)—non-medical assistance with daily living (e.g., bathing)—is typically excluded, as it’s not “medically necessary” under standard definitions (Virginia Code § 38.2-3407.10). The study guide likely lists inclusions (A, C, D) with examples—e.g., $5,000 for surgery—versus exclusions like custodial care, covered by LTC policies instead, making B the usual exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The health insurance application is signed by the applicant (who provides personal info) and the agent (D), who certifies the information’s accuracy and their role in the process.

The spouse (A) or dependents (B) don’t sign unless they’re co-applicants. An inspection representative (C) is not involved in the application process.

The Virginia study guide specifies that the agent signs the application alongside the applicant to verify the submission and their involvement, per standard industry practice. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Application Process."

Virginia Code § 38.2-3502 mandates a “free look” period (typically 10 days) for individual health insurance, allowing the insured to review the policy and cancel it with a full premium refund (option D) if returned within that time. Option A (try without paying) is false; premiums are paid upfront, refundable only upon cancellation. Option B (compare policies) is a practical use but not the legal purpose; the provision ensures cancellation rights, not comparison. Option C (change coverage) isn’t allowed; modifications require underwriting, not free-look terms. The study guide likely details this consumer protection with examples—e.g., returning a policy on day 9 for a refund—making D the precise right.

Virginia Code § 38.2-3115 governs life insurance settlement options. The interest-only option keeps proceeds with the insurer (option A, true), paying interest periodically to the beneficiary (option C, true, e.g., quarterly), and allows the principal to be withdrawn or redirected later (option D, true, e.g., switching to fixed period). Option B is false; the policyowner can select this option during the policy term, not just the beneficiary post-death—though beneficiaries may elect it if not pre-specified. The study guide likely explains this flexibility with examples—e.g., a $100,000 policy earning 3% interest paid monthly—noting both parties’ roles, making B the exception since it restricts choice to the beneficiary alone.

Virginia Code § 38.2-623 mandates insurers to implement information security programs to safeguard nonpublic personal information, aligning with the NAIC’s Model Regulation for Privacy. These programs must ensure confidentiality (option B), protect against threats or hazards (option C), and prevent unauthorized access (option D)—all core objectives to secure data against breaches or misuse. Option A (ensure policyholder access without substantial inconvenience) is not a requirement of the security program; while Virginia Code § 38.2-610 allows policyholders to request their information, this is a separate consumer right, not a security program goal. The study guide likely details these mandates in a privacy section, emphasizing protection over access facilitation, as security focuses on safeguarding, not convenience. For example, encryption (B, D) and risk assessments (C) are standard, but streamlining access (A) could even conflict with security if overly permissive, making A the exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

An immediate annuity (C) begins payments shortly after a single premium is paid, lacking an accumulation period (the phase where funds build up, typical in deferred annuities).

Option A (installments) applies to deferred annuities. Option B (lump sum) is not standard; annuities pay periodically. Option D (tax-deductible) is false; contributions are not deductible unless part of a qualified plan, not typical for immediate annuities.

The Virginia study guide defines an immediate annuity as one purchased with a single premium, with payments starting within one year, bypassing an accumulation phase. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Annuities."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Life insurance policies typically include a two-year suicide clause; if the insured dies by suicide within this period (e.g., six months), the insurer pays only a refund of premiums, not the full death benefit (C).

Options A (accidental injury), B (lung cancer), and D (heart attack) are covered causes, barring misrepresentation or exclusions, within the first two years.

The Virginia study guide notes that the suicide provision limits payment to premiums paid if suicide occurs within two years of issuance, protecting insurers from early intentional loss. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Life Insurance Policy Provisions."

Universal life (Virginia Code § 38.2-3113.1) features: Option A is true; a mortality charge funds the death benefit, deducted monthly from cash value. Option B is true; expense charges are disclosed (e.g., admin fees). Option D is true; loans reduce the cash value earning interest. Option C is false; death benefits are generally tax-free under IRC § 101(a)(1), not ordinary income, unless an exception (e.g., transfer for value) applies, which isn’t standard. The study guide likely contrasts universal life mechanics—e.g., $50 monthly mortality charge—with tax-free benefits, making C the exception.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The accumulation period (D) is the phase in a deferred annuity where premiums are paid to build value before payouts begin.

The liquidation period (A) is not a standard term here; it might imply payout but isn’t correct.

The annuity period (B) is when payments are received, not paid.

Period certain (C) refers to a payout option, not premium payment phase.

The Virginia study guide defines the accumulation period as the time during which premium payments are made into a deferred annuity, accumulating value until the payout phase. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Annuities."

Virginia Code § 38.2-3117.1 permits life insurance policies to include an accelerated death benefit (ADB) provision, allowing the policyowner to receive a portion of the death benefit early if the insured is diagnosed with a terminal illness (typically less than 12-24 months life expectancy, per policy terms). Option B correctly identifies this benefit, often used for medical expenses or quality-of-life needs. Option A (death benefit) is paid only upon death, not during life, so it’s incorrect here. Option C (reduced paid-up insurance) is a nonforfeiture option converting cash value to a smaller, paid-up policy, unrelated to terminal illness. Option D (extended term insurance) uses cash value to extend term coverage, also not tied to life expectancy triggers. The study guide likely details ADB as a modern feature addressing critical health scenarios, distinguishing it from standard death benefits or nonforfeiture options, confirming B as the accurate choice.

The fixed period settlement option in life insurance, per Virginia Code § 38.2-3115, pays the death benefit in equal installments over a set time (e.g., 10 years), determined by the policyowner or beneficiary if not restricted. Option B is true; a longer period spreads the principal and interest over more payments, reducing each installment (e.g., $100,000 over 20 years yields smaller paymentsthan over 5 years). Option C is true; payments blend principal and interest earned on the remaining proceeds held by the insurer. Option D is true; Virginia law allows beneficiaries to choose settlement options unless the policyowner locks in a method (e.g., via a policy endorsement). Option A is false; the payment amount depends on the proceeds, interest rate, and period length—not the beneficiary’s age, which might influence a life income option instead. The study guide likely contrasts fixed period (time-based) with life annuity (age-based) options, using examples like $500 monthly for 10 years, making A the exception.

In the context of health insurance, particularly dental coverage, Virginia Code § 38.2-3407.1 et seq. governs mandated benefits, though dental specifics often appear in policy riders or standalone plans. Orthodontics (option A) is the branch of dentistry focused on preventing and correcting irregularities of the teeth and jaws using mechanical devices like braces or aligners, precisely matching the question’s description. Endodontics (option B) deals with the tooth’s interior (e.g., root canals), not mechanical correction of alignment. Periodontics (option C) addresses gum diseases and supporting structures, not tooth positioning. Prosthodontics (option D) involves replacing missing teeth with prosthetics (e.g., dentures), not correcting irregularities mechanically. The study guide likely defines these terms in a health insurance section, emphasizing orthodontics’ role in alignment correction—both preventive (e.g., avoiding bite issues) and corrective—making A the clear answer. Examples like braces for malocclusion reinforce this distinction from other specialties.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Long-term care insurance (B) is designed to cover custodial care (e.g., help with daily activities like bathing or dressing) when individuals cannot care for themselves, often outside a hospital setting.

Medicare (A) provides limited long-term care coverage (e.g., skilled nursing for a short period), not comprehensive custodial care.

Major medical (C) covers hospital and medical expenses, not long-term custodial care.

Disability income (D) replaces lost income, not care costs.

The Virginia study guide defines long-term care insurance as coverage for extended care needs, such as in nursing homes or at home, when individuals cannot perform activities of daily living, distinguishing it from Medicare or major medical plans. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Types of Health Insurance."

Virginia Code § 38.2-5208 allows LTC policy cancellation by the insurer for nonpayment of premium (option A) after a 31-day grace period and notice, a standard contract right. Option B (Medicaid eligibility) isn’t a cancellation cause; it may coordinate benefits, not terminate coverage. Option C (insurer insolvency) affects payment ability, not lawful cancellation grounds. Option D (nuisance claims) isn’t a legal basis; claims frequency doesn’t void coverage unless fraudulent (Virginia Code § 38.2-309). The study guide likely lists nonpayment as the primary insurer-initiated cancellation reason, with examples like missed payments triggering notice, making A the lawful cause.

A spendthrift clause, permitted under Virginia Code § 38.2-3122, protects life insurance proceeds from creditors or the beneficiary’s mismanagement by restricting access to the funds. It’s effective when proceeds are paid in controlled installments (e.g., options A, B, C), as the insurer retains and distributes the money over time, preventing lump-sum dissipation. Option A (fixed amount installments) pays a set dollar amount periodically, option B (fixed period installments) pays over a set time, and option C (interest-only payments) holds the principal while paying interest—all compatible with spendthrift protection. Option D (one lump sum payment) delivers the full proceeds at once, bypassing the clause’s control mechanism, rendering it ineffective since the beneficiary gains unrestricted access. The study guide likely explains this clause as a safeguard for structured payouts, noting that lump-sum elections nullify its purpose, as seen in Virginia case law and NAIC guidelines, making D the correct choice.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The agent’s report includes the agent’s observations, such as relationship to the applicant (A), financial status (B), and general character (C), to aid underwriting.

The applicant’s signature (D) is on the application itself, not the agent’s separate report.

The Virginia study guide specifies that the agent’s report supplements the application with the agent’s insights, while the applicant signs the main application, not the report. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Application Process."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Disability income insurance covers loss of income from accidental injuries (D), provided they aren’t excluded.

Self-inflicted injuries (A), military service injuries (B), and war-related disabilities (C) are standard exclusions in most policies.

The Virginia study guide specifies that disability income insurance pays for accidental or illness-related income loss, excluding self-inflicted, military, or war-related causes. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Disability Income Insurance."